Development of the automotive industry in the Soviet era

1. development of the automotive industry in the Soviet era

Fulfilled the Chaschin Ivan, student of
group T-16

2. The development of the automotive industry before the revolution

Generally in Russia before the revolution there
were many attempts to organize own
production of cars and electric vehicles. In
particular, the famous Russian inventor
Romanov manufactured electromobiles of
various purposes with a weight from 700 to
1600 kg, speed of movement up to 37 km / h
and mileage up to recharging up to 64 km.

3.

In Russia, the first experiments with internal
combustion engines were conducted by
Yevgeny Yakovlev. At his plant, he organized a
serial production of engines.
Then Yakovlev, together with Peter Frese in
1896, built the first domestic car with a 1.5horsepower engine, a belt drive and an
evaporation-type carburetor. The engine used
water cooling, it had one horizontally located
cylinder, two gears forward, no reverse gear.
The car was supplied with manual brakes. The
width of the car was about 1.3 m, length 2.2 m.

4.

Before the revolution, about 1000 cars were
produced in Russia, their share in the total fleet
of cars of the country was about 10%.
Below is a diagram of the approximate
composition of the car fleet.

5. The development of the automotive industry in the Soviet era

The first Soviet car AMO-F-15 was produced
by the AMO plant in 1924. From this moment
the development of the Soviet automobile
industry begins.

6.

In Nizhny Novgorod (later Gorky) in 19301932, the company NAZ (GAZ) was built,
which produced cars and trucks under the
license of Ford Motor Company.

7.

Before the Great Patriotic War, the automobile
industry of the USSR produced over 1 million
cars, a significant part of which was received
by the Red Army.

8.

During the Great Patriotic War, the ZIS
automobile plant was evacuated to the rear,
where on the basis of its equipment new
automobile manufacturing enterprises ULZIS
and UralZIS (now UAZ and AZ Ural) were
established. During the war the assembly of
cars from car kits supplied on lend-lease was
widely spread.

9.

In the 1950s and 1970s, the development of the
Soviet automobile industry continued with
extensive methods, and before the early 1970s,
the main priority was given to trucks, in
particular, to army multi-axle tractors and allwheel drive trucks of dual purpose. The mass
motorization of the USSR began with the
construction of turnkey Italy in 1966-1970.
Volga Automobile Plant (VAZ) in Togliatti.

10.

In 1976, the largest truck factory in Europe,
KamAZ, was commissioned, the construction
of which was started in 1969.

11.

By the 1980s. Soviet automotive industry has
achieved obvious success in mass production:
the world's total production of the USSR took
the fifth place in the world, the production of
trucks - the third place, the production of buses
- the first.

12.

However, in this decade, fundamentally new
front-wheel drive cars with hatchback bodies
were mastered: VAZ-2108 Sputnik, Moskvich2141 Aleko, VAZ-1111 Oka and ZAZ-1102
Tavria, and mass production of diesel mediumtonnage trucks GAZ -4301 and ZIL-4331 and
buses LiAZ-5256 and LAZ-4202.

13.

VAZ-2108 Sputnik

14.

Moskvich-2141 Aleko

15.

ZAZ-1102 Tavria

16.

GAZ-4301

17.

LiAZ-5256