Language and speech development

1. Language and

Speech
development
Presented by: Aigerim Kaiyrbekova

2. Definitions:

Language: Communication of thoughts
and feelings through a system of signals,
such as voice sounds, gestures, or
written symbols.
Speech: The act of expressing or
describing thoughts, feelings, or
perceptions by the articulation of words

3. Almost every human child succeeds in learning language

We tend to take the
process of language learning for granted,
language seems like a basic instinct as
simple as
breathing or blinking
In fact, it is the most
complex ability that a human
being will ever master.

4.

If the perceptual class of the stimulussuddenly
changes, the baby will brighten up and turn to look
at the new stimulus.
Infants prefer the language that resembles the
speech of theirmothers.
Prefer their own mother’s voice, as opposed to that
of other women.
Suggests that, during the first eight months,
The child is remarkably attentive to language.
Although not yet learning words, but
acquiring the basic auditory patterns of hisnative
language

5. 1) Early articulation

1)Earlyarticulation
H
U
N
G
E
R
I
S
T
R
E
S
S
Exploration of
the
coordinated
use of the
mouth,
Lungs, and
larynx.
Deaf
infants
babble
much like
Hearing
children
P
A
I
N
BABBLING
CRIES
0
COOING
3
Drift in the
direction of the
native
language
Consonant Vowel (CV)
syllables
6
9
12
Months

6. 1) The first words

1)The first words
Based on three earlier developments:
• Infant’s growing ability to record the sounds of
words.
• Ability to control vocal productions that occur
in the late stages of babbling.
• General growth of the symbolic function, as
represented in play and imitation.

7. The forms of early words often deviate radically from the adult standard. Children tend to:

•Drop unstressed syllables, producing
hippopotamus as poma.
•Repeat consonants, producing water as wawa.
•Simplify and reduce consonant clusters,
producing tree aspee.
PROBLE
M IS
So many simplifications occur at once
Making so many words difficult to recognize

8.

Throughout the second year,
child struggles with perfecting the
sounds and meanings of the
first words
For several months, the child produces
only isolated single words

9. 1) Word combinations

1)Wordcombinations
Child soon realizes the importance of
combining
Predicates (e.g. want, more, go)
Arguments (e.g. cookie or Mommy)
First step in syntactic
development

10. Child has to figure out how

This is also guided by earlier
developments in comprehension.

11. 1) The child’s first sentences

1)The child’s first sentences
All incomplete and ungrammatical.
Include only the most important words, without
any of the relational glue.
?
Have not yet
learned the
missing words
Know the ‘glue words’ but find it
difficult to coordinate their
production in the correct order
Children tend to be conservative and unsure about
how to use verbs productively until about age 5

12. SPEECH DEVELOPMENT

Begins to use two word phrases
Initial emergence of pasttenses
Begins to learn the social uses of language
Begins to form subject–verb–object sentences
Begins to tell narratives
Development of ‘ed’ endings
20
2 yrs
months
3
4
5 yrs

13. TO SUM UP

TO SUMUP

14. Speech and language development

AGE PERIOD
DEVELOPMENTAL ADVANCE
Prenatal
Functional maturation of hearing at about 5
months gestational age
Birth
Ability to discriminate
sounds.
Transition to breathing.
Vocalization begins.
Reflexive stage of phonetic development
(cries, hiccups, belches)
Birth to 1 month
2 to 3 months
Cooing stage
4 to 5 months
Expansion stage (Remodeling of vocal
cords)
6 to 10 months
Babbling stage. Vocalizations begin to
reflect the ambient language.
11 to 18 months
Auditory discrimination of speech is tuned to
the ambient language

15.

AGE PERIOD
DEVELOPMENTAL ADVANCE
19 to 24 months
Possess 10to 20 consonants +sufficient
phonetic ability to learn many new words.
25 to 36 months
Continued growth in phonetic inventory,
along with vocabulary and syntax.
Stuttering is often first noticed at
about this age
3 to 4years
Almost all vowels are mastered by this age,
along with a number of consonants.
4 to 6years
Closing in on phonemic mastery, with the
exception of fricative (noise) sounds.
Teeth fall.
6 to 9years
Phonemic mastery typically completed, but
refinements in speech production continue.
9+years
Speech development is complete, but
developmental changes can be observed
(E.G., Voice change in adolescence)

16.

Language
acquisition
Individual lexical items