Reproduction of the Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map with

1.

Reproduction of the Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map with Welzel’s New Value Measures
Japan
Latvia
China
1.3
Lithuania
Sacred vs. Secular Values
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.0
-0.3
-0.5
-0.8
-1.0
-1.3
-1.5
-1.8
-2.0
Indonesia
Iran
Montenegro
South Korea
Bosnia
Albania
Azerbaijan
Vietnam Belarus
Georgia
Croatia
India
Finland
Sweden
Switzerland
Bulgaria
Russia
Italy
Germany
U.K.
Serbia
Ukraine
Austria
France
New
Netherlands
Zealand
Slovenia
Saudi
Arabia
Spain
Argentina
Singapore
Uruguay
Bahrain
Thailand
Lebanon
Chile
Australia
MalayAlgeria
Pakistan
sia
Turkey Kyrgyzstan
Canada
Cyprus
Zambia
Armenia
Iraq
Poland
Bangladesh Egypt
Uganda
U.S.A.
Libya
Dominican
Romania
Kuwait Mali
Republic
South Africa
Yemen
Peru
Ethiopia
Brazil
Rwanda
Jordan
Colombia
PhilippinesVenezuela
Nigeria
Mexico
Morocco Tanzania
Trinidad-Tobago
Qatar
-2.3
Zimbabwe
Ghana
Guatemala
-2.8
-2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3
Protective vs. Emancipative Values
EMANCIPATIVE
Returned West
0.8
Reformed West
0.5
0.3
Old West
Orthodox East
0.0
-0.3
Indic East
-0.5
New West
-0.8
-1.0
Islamic East
Latin America
-1.3
-1.5
Sub-Saharan
Africa
-1.8
-2.0
Ecuador
-2.5
PROTECTIVE
Sinic East
1.8
1.0
Norway
Estonia
Taiwan
2.0
1.3
Andorra
Moldova
2.3
1.5
Czech Republic
Hong
Kong
Slovakia
Sacred vs. Secular Values
1.8
1.5
SACRED
Note: Countries with the largest populations
in their area are highlighted in bold letters.
SACRED
SECULAR
2.0
Culture Zone Areas on the Map
SECULAR
Country Distribution over the Map
2.3
Note: Elipses mark one-standard
deviation area of country dispersal
arounfdthe culture zone midpoint.
-2.3
-2.5
-2.8
-2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3
PROTECTIVE
Protective vs. Emancipative Values
EMANCIPATIVE

2.

Reproduction of the Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map with Welzel’s New Value Measures
Japan
1.8
Latvia
1.5
China
1.3
Lithuania
Sacred vs. Secular Values
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.0
-0.3
-0.5
-0.8
-1.0
-1.3
-1.5
-1.8
SACRED
-2.0
Indonesia
Iran
Montenegro
South Korea
Bosnia
Albania
Azerbaijan
Vietnam Belarus
Georgia
Croatia
India
Saudi
Arabia
Finland
Sweden
Switzerland
Bulgaria
Russia
Italy
Germany
U.K.
Serbia
Ukraine
Austria
France
New
Netherlands
Zealand
Slovenia
Argentina
Spain
Uruguay
Bahrain
Thailand
Lebanon
Chile
Australia
MalayAlgeria
Pakistan
sia
Turkey Kyrgyzstan
Canada
Cyprus
Zambia
Armenia
Iraq
Poland
Bangladesh Egypt
Uganda
U.S.A.
Libya
Dominican
Romania
Kuwait Mali
Republic
South Africa
Yemen
Peru
Ethiopia
Brazil
Rwanda
Jordan
Colombia
PhilippinesVenezuela
Nigeria
Mexico
Morocco Tanzania
Trinidad-Tobago
Singapore
Qatar
-2.3
Zimbabwe
Ghana
Guatemala
-2.8
-2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3
Protective vs. Emancipative Values
EMANCIPATIVE
Returned West
0.8
Reformed West
0.5
0.3
Old West
Orthodox East
0.0
-0.3
Indic East
-0.5
New West
-0.8
-1.0
Islamic East
Latin America
-1.3
-1.5
Sub-Saharan
Africa
-1.8
-2.0
Ecuador
-2.5
PROTECTIVE
Sinic East
1.8
1.0
Norway
Estonia
Taiwan
2.0
1.3
Andorra
Moldova
2.3
1.5
Czech Republic
Hong
Kong
Slovakia
Sacred vs. Secular Values
2.0
Note: Countries with the largest populations
in their area are highlighted in bold letters.
SACRED
SECULAR
2.3
Culture Zone Areas on the Map
SECULAR
Country Distribution over the Map
Note: Elipses mark one-standard
deviation area of country dispersal
around the culture zone midpoint.
-2.3
-2.5
-2.8
-2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3
PROTECTIVE
Protective vs. Emancipative Values
EMANCIPATIVE

3.

SECULAR
2.3
2.0
Japan
1.8
Latvia
1.5
China
1.3
Lithuania
Sacred vs. Secular Values
Czech Republic
Hong
Kong
Slovakia
1.0
Andorra
Croatia
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.0
-0.5
-0.8
-1.0
-1.3
-1.5
-1.8
-2.0
Indonesia
Iran
Montenegro
South Korea
Bosnia
Albania
Azerbaijan
Vietnam Belarus
Georgia
India
Norway
Estonia
Moldova
-0.3
SACRED
Note: Countries with the largest populations
in their area are highlighted in bold letters.
Finland
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Bulgaria
Russia
Italy
Germany
U.K.
Serbia
Ukraine
Austria
France
New
Netherlands
Zealand
Slovenia
Saudi
Arabia
Spain
Argentina
Singapore
Uruguay
Bahrain
Thailand
Lebanon
Chile
Australia
MalayAlgeria
Pakistan
Kyrgyzstan
sia
Turkey
Canada
Cyprus
Zambia
Armenia
Iraq
Poland
Bangladesh Egypt
Uganda
U.S.A.
Libya
Dominican
Romania
Kuwait Mali
Republic
South Africa
Yemen
Peru
Ethiopia
Brazil
Rwanda
Jordan
Colombia
PhilippinesVenezuela
Nigeria
Mexico
Morocco Tanzania
Trinidad-Tobago
Qatar
-2.3
Zimbabwe
Ghana
Ecuador
Guatemala
-2.5
-2.8
-2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3
PROTECTIVE
Protective vs. Emancipative Values
EMANCIPATIVE

4.

5.

2.5
2.0
Traditional vs. Secular-Rational Values
Japan
Sweden
1.5
Estonia
Lithuania
Taiwan
S. Korea
China
Belarus
1.0
0.5
Montengro
Serbia
Moldova
Albania
0.0
Bosnia
LebanonBahrain
Indonesia
Romania
Georgia
Azerbaijan
Tunisia
-1.0
Morocco
-1.5
Switzerland
Armenia
Kyrgyz.
Croatia
Greece
Portugal
Viet.
Cyprus Thai. S.
S. Asia Africa
Ethiopia
Zambia
Poland
Iceland
Luxembourg
Spain
Slovakia
Andorra
Belgium
Kazakh.
-0.5
France
Austria
Hungary
Denmark
Germany
Slovenia
Russa
Ukraine
Netherlands
Czech Rep.
Latvia
Bulgaria
Norway
Finland
Hong Kong
New Zealand Australia
Great Britain
India
United States
Uruguay
Canada
Chile
Argentina
N. Ireland
Ireland
Iraq
Algeria
Brazil
Malaysia Kosovo
Peru
Palestine
Rwanda
Malta
Turkey
Burkina Faso
Pakistan
Yemen
Mali
Philippines
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
Guatemala
Jordan
Ecuador
Ghana
-2.0
Mexico
Colombia
Trinidad
Qatar
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Survival vs. Self-Expression Values
1.5
2.0
2.5

6.

SECULAR
2.3
2.0
Sinic East
1.8
1.5
1.3
Sacred vs. Secular Values
1.0
Returned West
0.8
Reformed West
0.5
0.3
Old West
Orthodox East
0.0
-0.3
Indic East
-0.5
New West
-0.8
-1.0
Islamic East
Latin America
-1.3
-1.5
Sub-Saharan
Africa
-1.8
SACRED
-2.0
Note: Elipses mark one-standard
deviation area of country dispersal
arounfdthe culture zone midpoint.
-2.3
-2.5
-2.8
-2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3
PROTECTIVE
Protective vs. Emancipative Values
EMANCIPATIVE

7.

SECULAR
2.3
2.0
Sinic East
1.8
1.5
1.3
Sacred vs. Secular Values
1.0
Returned West
0.8
Reformed West
0.5
0.3
Old West
Orthodox East
0.0
-0.3
Indic East
-0.5
New West
-0.8
-1.0
Islamic East
Latin America
-1.3
-1.5
Sub-Saharan
Africa
-1.8
SACRED
-2.0
Note: Elipses mark one-standard
deviation area of country dispersal
around the culture zone midpoint.
-2.3
-2.5
-2.8
-2.3 -2.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3
PROTECTIVE
Protective vs. Emancipative Values
EMANCIPATIVE

8.

NOTES:
Culture Zone Classification: The culture zone classification is a revised version of Inglehart and Welzel’s (2005) earlier one, as documented
in Welzel (2013: 25-33). Islamic East: Core Islamic countries of the MENA region; Indic East: countries in Southern Asia; Sinic East:
countries in East Asia; Orthodox East: former parts of the Soviet Union; Old West: Western countries that were core parts of the Roman
Empire; Reformed West: Western countries that were leading the Reformation; New West: overseas offshoots of Western Europe.
Source: Country scores obtained by factor-analyzing (Kaiser-criterion, varimax rotation) the “disblief” and “defiance” components of
Welzel’s (2013: 63-73) Secular Values and the “choice” and “equality” components of his Emancipative Values on the country-aggregated,
time-pooled data of WVS rounds 1 to 6. Data are included in the SPSS-file “Welzel WVS 1 to 6 Key Aggregates.sav” downloadable at this
website (see variables “SVI-culmap” and “EVI-culmap”). Variables are documented in the PDF-file “Welzel Data Variable Descriptions.”
References: Inglehart, R & C. Welzel (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. New
York: Cambridge University Press. Welzel, C. (2013). Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation. New York:
Cambridge University Press.

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