IE350 Alternative Energy Course
Energy vs. Power
Units 1
Units 2
Units 3
Your homework
1 The history of human energy consumption
The Coming Oil Crisis
Increasing demand!
The potential for renewable energy
Rate of world energy usage in terawatts (TW), 1965–2005 (all types of energy)
GDP and energy consumption in Japan
Energy intensity of different economies
The history of human energy consumption
U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2009. From the U.S. Energy Information Administration (Department of Energy).
http://www.iea.org/etp/explore/
Armenia’s Energy Consumption, 2010
Today’s energy challenge Rising demand
Electrical Energy Production, World, 18000 Bln KWh
Average Solar Radiation per Day
Homework
6.97M
Категория: ФизикаФизика

IE350 Alternative Energy Course

1. IE350 Alternative Energy Course

Lecture # 2
Energy Outlook:
World, USA, Armenia
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
1

2. Energy vs. Power

Fuel ends –
Energy Crisis
The bear outruns –
Power Crisis
Lecture #1 - Introduction
2

3. Units 1

• 1 Joule - amount of energy required to
exert a force of one newton for a distance
of one meter.
Power = Energy / Time; P=E/t
• If it is generated or spent during 1 second,
then the generator or consumer has the
power capacity of 1 watt:
• 1watt = 1Joule/1second; W=J/s
Lecture #1 - Introduction
3

4. Units 2

• E = P•t
• 1000W = 1kW of power
capacity.
• 1kW • 60 seconds • 60 minutes
= 1 kWh of energy.
= 3.6 million Joules
Lecture #1 - Introduction
4

5. Units 3

• Calorie (cal) = heat to increase by 1°C the 1 gram of water.
• Joule (J):
- energy required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one
meter.
- The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an
electrical potential difference of one volt; or one coulomb volt, with the
symbol C·V.
- The work done to produce power of one watt continuously for one
second; or one watt second (compare kilowatt-hour), with the symbol W·s.
1 kWh = 1000 W · 3600 S = 3.6 · 10 6 J (W·s) = 3.6 MJ.
• 1 cal ≈ 4.184 Joules
• BTU = British Thermal Unit = amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. 143 BTU is
required to melt a pound of ice.
• 1 BTU ≡ 1054.35 Joules ≈ 1/3600 kilowatt hour.
• MMBTU = 1 000 000 BTU, here M = Mille = 1000 (not Mega, every where
else M = Mega = 1 000 000)
• We will frequently use:
Exajoule (EJ) = 1018 J, 1 EJ = 277.[7] billion kWh;
Quad = quadrillion BTU = 1015 BTU, 1 EJ ≈ 1 Quad
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)
Lecture #1 - Introduction
5

6. Your homework


-5 for capacity mismatch related unclear calculation.
-5 incorrect units used.
-5 total for the column “Time used per month, h” meaningless.
-5 no percentages calculated.
-3 no excel functions used or no excel used.
-3 formatting - unnecessary or insufficient decimals.
-3 not compared with real bill.
-2 for capacity mismatch related representation. Use total power capacity for
each line.
-2 some missing important items. e.g. fridge.
-2 power rating for some items unrealistic.
-2 times for some items unrealistic – hence mismatch with the real paid bill.
-2 tariff rating either incorrect and or unrealistically uniform
-2 calculation unclear
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
6

7. 1 The history of human energy consumption


How much energy do we need?
Where do we spend energy?
Home: heat; light; electricity (homework).
Industry:
agriculture
manufacturing
services
infrastructure, transportation.
• Industrial Revolution and Energy.
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
7

8. The Coming Oil Crisis

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
8

9. Increasing demand!

• In 2008, total worldwide energy
consumption was 474 exajoules
(474×1018 J=132,000 TWh).
• This is equivalent to an average
energy consumption rate of 15
terawatts (1.504×1013 W).
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
9

10. The potential for renewable energy

• solar energy >1600 EJ (444,000 TWh),
• wind power 600 EJ (167,000 TWh),
• geothermal energy 500 EJ (139,000
TWh),
• biomass 250 EJ (70,000 TWh),
• hydropower 50 EJ (14,000 TWh)
• ocean energy 1 EJ (280 TWh).
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
10

11. Rate of world energy usage in terawatts (TW), 1965–2005 (all types of energy)

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
11

12.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
12

13. GDP and energy consumption in Japan

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
13

14. Energy intensity of different economies

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
14

15. The history of human energy consumption

w,
o
l
F
s
gy
r
d
e
a
u
n
E
Q
,
5
0
20
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
15

16. U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2009. From the U.S. Energy Information Administration (Department of Energy).

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
16

17.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
17

18.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
18

19.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
19

20. http://www.iea.org/etp/explore/

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
20

21.

= Billion kWh
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
21

22.

вڲêî²ÜÆ ¾Üºð¶²Ø²Î²ð¶
1988Ã.
î»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝ
¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
êå³éáõ٠ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ
²ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ
3 560 Øìï
15.28 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ
12.36 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ
2.92 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ
¾Ý»ñ·³ÏÇñÝ»ñÇ ëå³éáõÙÁ
1985-1988ÃÃ.
- 12-13 ÙÉÝ. ï.å.í./ï³ñÇ
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
22

23.

¾Ý»ñ·³Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ
2012Ã.
3 058Øìï – ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝ
(850 Øìï)
8 036 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ – ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù
5 924 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ – í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éáõÙ
1 551 .9 ÙÉÝ. ÏìïÅ – ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ
96.7 ÙÉÝ. ÏìïÅ – Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙ
1 595 Øìï – ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ åÇÏ (20:00)
~930 000 – µ³Å³Ýáñ¹
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
23

24.

2012Ã.-Ç Ñ½áñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨
¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
24

25.

¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
25

26. Armenia’s Energy Consumption, 2010

• Electric power: 5 500 MWh
• Thermal Energy: 10 000 MWh
• Transportation: 28 000 MWh
(Thermal and transport in
equivalent of primary energy
calorific content)
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
26

27.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
27

28.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
28

29. Today’s energy challenge Rising demand

Europe and
North America
11%
31%
China
105%
M. East and
Africa
IEA forecast 2006-30
Growth in primary
energy demand
73%
131%
195%
India
126%
282%
Growth in
electricity demand
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
29

30. Electrical Energy Production, World, 18000 Bln KWh

Cost
E-Cent/ kWh
Solar-P:
50
Solar-T: 10- 20
Wind:
8
Nuclear:
3
Hydro:
2
Thermal.
2
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
30

31. Average Solar Radiation per Day

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
31

32. Homework

• Calculate how many times more
energy annually will need a. China,
b. mankind, if the average world
consumption rate per capita is the
same as in the USA.
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,
USA, Armenia
32
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