Seeds

1.

Mustard seeds and Nutmeg kernel

2.

Mustard seed
Black mustard
White mustard
• ‫الخردل االسود‬
• Origin: dried ripe seeds of
• ‫الخردل االبيض‬
• Origin: dried ripe seeds of
Brassica nigra
Family: cruciferae
(Brassicaceae)
Brassica alba
Family : cruciferae
(Brassicaceae)

3.

Mustard seed
Black mustard
Shape
Spherical or nearly spherical
Size
Smaller
Color
Reddish brown
Odor
Taste
Surface
White mustard
larger
yellow
No pungent odor even
- Dry : odorless
- Crushed with H2O : Pungent ???
when crushed
Bitter , rapidly becomes pungent
- Minutely pitted
- Network reticulation
Pungent
Minutely pitted

4.

Hilum & micropyle
Mustard seed
Q ? Hilum is adjacent to Micropyle and No raphe,
Ovule ????
Campylotropous: ovule bent upon itself, funicle,
chalaza & micropyle close to one another, no raphe
& nucellus curved.
Hilum
Chalaza
Micropyle
Funicle

5.

T-Cut in Black mustard
Q : Embryo ???
Radicle
Orthoplocus:
Two cotyledons are
folded along their
midrib and radicle is
bent, facing one
cotyledon.
Testa
Midrib
2 cot.

6.

Mustard seed
White & Black mustard
Hilum
Micropyle
Paler in color
Adjacent to the hilum
Raphe
Absent
Kind
Perisperm
Ex-albuminous
Endosperm
Hilum & micropyle
Radicle
Absent
Absent
Testa
2 cotyledons

7.

Reason for polygonal reticulations
T. S.
Epidermis
Giant cell
Collenchyma
Sclerieds
Pigment layer
Aleurone layer ,
aleurone grains
contain globoids)
Black Mustard
White Mustard

8.

Powder of Black mustard
Color : Pale brown.
Odor : slight odor when dry and become
pungent when crushed with H2O
Taste : bitter , rapidly becomes pungent

9.

Powder of Black mustard
Polygonal Reticulations
Fragments of seed coat showing polygonal reticulations

10.

Family Cruciferae
(Brassicaceae)
1. Spherical seed.
2. Orthoplocous embryo
3. Campylotropous ovule.
4. Rich in sulfur
compounds

11.

Histochemical tests of Black Mustard
• Sudan III
red (due to fixed oil in embryo)
• Picric acid
embryo)
Yellow (due to protein in
• Ruthenium red
in epidermis)
rose red (due to mucilage

12.

Nutmeg seeds
‫بذور جوز الطيب‬
Dried ripe seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt
family Myristicaceae , deprived of its arillus and
testa and with or without a thin coat of lime.

13.

Removal of testa and arillus
Position of Chalaza
( Anatropous !!! )
Groove
( position of raphe )
Position of H. & M.

14.

Description of the Kernel
Kernel = perisperm + endosperm +
embryo.
Ovoid with numerous small dark
brown points , lines and reticulatelyfurrowed
Greyish brown color.
Strong aromatic characteristic odor.
Aromatic pungent taste.

15.

Outer
perisperm
Inner
perisperm
endosperm
embryo
T - cut
L - cut
Perisperm : present , thin dark brown penetrating to the
endosperm giving marbelled or ruminated appearance.
Endosperm : present , greyish brown

16.

Powder Nutmeg
Color : reddish yellow to
reddish brown
Odor : strong aromatic and
characteristic
Taste : aromatic pungent

17.

18.

Histochemical tests of Nutmeg powder
I2
Sudan III
fixed oil)
FeCl3
- blue ( starch )
- yellowish brown ( protein )
Red (oil globules, volatile and
green color ( tannins )