Some,any,a little,a few,a lot of

1.

some -
немного
Affirmative (+)
An exception:
A request:
Can I have some
juice?
An offering:
Would you like
some ice cream?
any –
сколько-нибудь
Interrogative (?)
Negative (-)

2.

a little -
немного
a few –
немного
uncountable
nouns
countable
nouns
e.g. a little
cream
e.g. a few
peppers

3.

much - много many - много
uncountable
nouns
e.g. much
sugar
countable nouns
e.g. many apples

4.

A lot of
With
all nouns