Psycho discipline: genealogy, scope, style of discourse

1. PSYCHO DISCIPLINE: genealogy, scope, style of discourse. Psychiatry, psychotherapy, clinical psychologist: evolution, definition, subject, tasks and methods of psychiatric, psychological, medical and psychological assistance Mental disorders and their pre

Zaporizhia State Medical University
Department of Psychiatry, psychotherapy, general and medical psychology,
narcology and sexology
PSYCHO DISCIPLINE: genealogy, scope,
style of discourse. Psychiatry,
psychotherapy, clinical psychologist:
evolution, definition, subject, tasks and
methods of psychiatric, psychological,
medical and psychological assistance Mental
disorders and their prevalence.
The general principles of prevention

2. PSYCHO DISCIPLINE

PSYCHIATRY
PSYCHOTHERAPY
PSYCHOLOGY
NARCOLOGY
SEXOLOGY

3.

PSYCHIATRY

4. PSYCHIATRY

Psychiatry - treatment of mental illness.
IK Reilly (1808)
(Coined the term "psychiatry")
Psychiatry - discipline that studies variations in
neuro-psychic sphere and to develop methods of
treatment and prevention.
AV Giljarovsky (1954)
гр.
ψυχή
– soul
+
ιατρός
–doctor
= The science
doctoring of
the soul

5. MENTAL HEALTH

Mental health - the mental and emotional
well-being in which the individual can make
full use of their cognitive and emotional
capabilities, function fully in society and
fulfill their needs
Mental illness (disorder) - a violation of
mental functions, which leads to human
maladjustment

6.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
Pre scientific PERIOD
STAGE І
Pre-scientific period - primitive
theological understanding of mental
disorders

7.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
Antiquity MEDICINE
STAGE ІІ
The era of ancient medicine - the first
steps in the study of mental disorders,
and the organization of care to patients

8.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
Antiquity MEDICINE
STAGE ІІ
Hippocrates (460 - 370 BC) - gave some mythological images
properties characteristic of mental disorders described mania,
melancholy, epilepsy, identified four basic temperament
Plato (427 - 347 BC) singled out two types of madness - one associated
with the impact of the gods, the other - connected with the violation of
the rational soul
Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) described the basic emotions, including fear,
anxiety, highlighted the concept of super strong emotions - passion
St. Augustine. (354 - 430 BC) first introduced the method of internal
psychological observation experiences in his letters from North Africa
(introspection)

9.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
STAGE ІІІ
I period (XVI - XVII century) - medicalization of
madness (preprotodistsiplinarny)
- Conversion of madness in the medical
problem
- The first classification (typology F. Platter'a)
- From 15-16 centuries. in Europe are places
where forcibly placed mentally ill (Bedlam in
London Salpêtrière - Paris, etc.). The main
methods of "treatment" - the chain and whip.
"Hotel-Dieu in Paris." Triptych, circa 1500

10.

Courtyard Hospital Hotel-Dieu now

11.

Vienna Narrenturm (1784) - one of the first buildings designed specifically for the
content of the mentally ill

12.

William Hogarth "Bethlehem Hospital"
(Aka - "Bedlam")

13.

Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem now

14.

Francisco Goya "lunatic asylum"

15.

Camera Autenrita

16.

Forced standing on legs

17.

Strait bed

18.

Forced position

19.

Strait-jacket

20.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
II period (XVIII century)
- Settling certain hospital order
- Develops a detailed taxonomy-classification
- There are a new type of shelter
Refuge of a new type

21.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
III period (XVIII - XIX century)
- A dramatic change of attitude towards the
distress of isolation of mental patients - from
removing circuits Ph. Pinel'em
(1755 - 1826) to cancel the straitjackets
J. Connoly (1794 - 1866)
Tony Robert-Fleury "Removing the chains at the Salpêtrière"
Philippe Pinel removes the chain with the mentally ill

22.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
IV period (XIX century) - animation madness
(the first clinically-attributive)
- Obsession "gets" a lot of different forms,
subspecies, later formalized in disease
entities
- Psychiatry receives textual design appears
Periodicals
- Psychiatry begins to "reflecton"

23.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
V period (the second half of the XIX century,
especially since the turn of XIX - XX
centuries) - nomothetic (second clinicallyattributive)
- Registered and marked almost all modern
forms of mental pathology

24.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
VI period (20 - 30-ies of XX century) - an active
therapy (the first therapeutically-attributive)
- The use of active psychiatric methods:
malyarioterapiya, narcosis sleep, drug
seizure, insulin koma, electroconvulsive
therapy
Malyarioterapiya

25.

МЕТОДЫ АКТИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ
В ПСИХИАТРИИ
Year of
introduction
1918
Therapy name
MALYAROTERAPIYA - for the treatment
of progressive paralysis (a form of syphilis
of the brain)
1924
Sulfazin THERAPY - (w / o sulfur 1%
suspension in olive, peach, mineral oil) for
the treatment of schizophrenia
1935
insulin shock therapy
1938
electroconvulsive therapy
1950
ATROPINOKOMATOZNAYA THERAPY
1936
Lobotomy (lobotomy)
Therapy Type
pyrogenic
therapy
"Shock"
method
Neuro surgery

26.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
electroconvulsive therapy

27.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
VII period (second-third of the XX century) stagnation (second organizational and
attributive)
- Displacement of the professional interests
towards mental health issues

28.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
VIII period (the middle of XX century) neuroleptic (second therapeuticallyattributive)
- Synthesize pharmacological series of
psychotropic drugs, mass development of
psychopharmacological therapeutic
technologies

29. HISTORY antipsychotics

1950
1960
1970
1980
Traditional antipsychotics
1990
2000
Atypical
antipsychotics
Jibson MD, Tandon R. J Psychiatr Res 1998;32:215–228;
Lehmann HE, Ban TA. Can J Psychiatry 1997;42:152–162.

30.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
IX period (from the last third of XX) rehabilitation and re- adaptation (third
organizational and attributive)
- Raises questions of rehabilitation, readaptation , re-socialization of the
mentally ill, the problem of quality of
life

31.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
PERIODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Psychiatry
X period (XX - XXI century) - dissociative
- Antipsychiatry processes start to have a corrosive
effect on psychiatry, which results in rapid
degradation of the classical clinical psychiatry, with
the installation in its theoretical and diagnostic
apparatus elements neopsihoanaliza and
psychoanalytically inspired psychiatry-psychology
- Dissociation emerges nomothetic
- Manifest tendencies schematic hyperbole and
ideographic approaches and animation descriptive
diagnostic features

32.

PSYCHOLOGY

33. TERMINOLOGY

"Psychology" - the science of behavior and mental processes.
"Clinical (medical) psychology" - a section of psychology that
studies mental phenomena in terms of their relationship to
disease.
"Clinical psychology" - the study of individuals through observation
or experiment with the intention to make a change.
L. Whitmer (1867 - 1956)
Gr.
ψυχή
– soul
+
λόγος
– knowledge
=
The
doctrine
of the soul

34.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
I period - an initial - some ideas of
psychology are brought to the clinic by
the research psychiatrist

35.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
II period - clinical and hospital expansion
- in clinic widely penetrate the ideas
and methods of differential
psychology; Experiment separate a
and takes the form of standardized
tests

36.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
III period - clinical adaptation psychology is being developed in the
clinic space and tends to the
conceptual level of assimilation (the
ancient idea of becoming almost a
psychological view)

37.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
IV period – intra clinic segregation - an
expanding tool device, mathematical
and as a result, the complexity of
processing and interpretation of
results require the allocation of a
qualified professional; doctor and a
psychologist - is no longer the same
person

38.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
V period - [psycho] Diagnostic - a clinical
examination, the inquiry appears
prerogative of medical psychology,
acquires the features of the
examination, with all its consequences:
obligate, peremptory, almost
inaccessibility "uninitiated"
[psychiatrists]

39.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
VI period - psychological counseling psychology equalize rights with
psychotherapy, begins an invisible war
for troops and spheres of influence: a
substitute for clinical counseling
psychotherapy, and exactly where
needed last; psychologist and
psychotherapist in the perception of
society become indistinguishable

40.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
VII period - institutsionalizatsionny medical psychology is issued as a
separate discipline, it gets a number of
disciplinary and identification
attributes

41.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
VIII period - Extra hospital expansion medical psychology competes with
mental discipline as a whole; in clinical
practice are introduced path
psychological Register syndrome to
help in the differential diagnosis of
diseases

42.

PATHOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
REGISTER syndromes
schizophrenic (in the clinic - schizophrenia and schizophreniform
conditions)
affective and endogenous (in the hospital he meets a manic-depressive
psychosis and functional affective psychoses of late life)
oligophrenic (corresponding clinic congenital and acquired options for
mental defect)
exogenously-organic (at the clinic - exogenously-organic versions of
brain damage - cerebral atherosclerosis, the effects of traumatic brain
injury, substance abuse, etc.)
endogenously-organic (in the clinic - a true epilepsy, primary
degenerative processes in the brain)
personal-abnormal (in the clinic - accented and psychopathic
personality and due largely anomalous psychogenic reactions)
psychogenic-psychotic (in the clinic - reactive psychosis)
psychogenic, neurotic (in the clinic - neurosis and neurotic reactions).

43.

PSYCHOTHERAPY

44. TERMINOLOGY

Psychotherapy - health-oriented discipline within the
competence of which includes the development and
administration of the theory and practice of native clinic,
psychotechnical arsenal of the theory of normal) /
pathological psyche, personality theory and autodistsiplinarnoidentity theory, as well as its own method
греч.
ψυχή
– soul
+
θεραπεία
– therapy
=
soul
Therapy

45.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
I era - the Greco-Roman era - the subject
of psychotherapy - mental treatment;
most positions in tune with the modern
approaches in psychotherapy clinic from the enforcement regimes and
[differential] mediation to individual
and personal approach

46.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
IІ era - the era of scholasticism - welfare
of the soul; repentance practice of
confession

47.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
IІI era - the era of hospital therapy
1 period - the XVI - first half XVIII centuries penal-disciplinary therapy (elements of
modern behavioral therapy)
2 period - the second half of XVIII - first half
XIX centuries - mechano-therapy (elements
of modern behavioral therapy)

48.

Therapy pouring cold or hot water

49.

Mechanical treatment

50.

Mechanical treatment

51.

Strait chair "tranquilizer"

52.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
The new (and most recent) time XVIII, XIX, XX century
1 period - protodistsiplinarnaya psychotherapy - the
second half of XVIII - first half XIX centuries - the
appearance of the first, more amorphous forms of
psychotherapy
Psychotherapy - as a hobby - it's theatrical
Subject psychotherapy - a few conventionally
delimited artificially homogenized versions
pathology recognized as a single disease entity.

53.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
2 period - Methodist purism - the second half
of the XIX century - the emergence of
different, the now "classic" methods hypnosis, suggestion, psychoanalysis and
others.
Psychotherapy - already occupied.
The subject of psychotherapy - all the
same "disease", but each method
receives its definitive interpretation,
though fixed at the same conversion
contingent symptoms

54.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
3 period - the institutionalization of practices
- the first third of the XX century - societal
clearance therapy techniques that have
become practitioners
Psychotherapy - activities;
its use is ordered
depending on the evidence
Psychotherapy subject receives
secondary mediation through
concepts of the method (eg,
psychoanalysis - complex therapy ")

55.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
4 period - doctrinal - the second third of the
XX century - drawing ideologically loaded,
confronts psychotherapeutic doctrines
Psychotherapy - ex cathedra - subject
teaching profession; its use is ordered
depending on the evidence
Subject psychotherapy - all
sanogennykh effects that are mediated
through the mind

56.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
5 period - dissolyutivny - the last third of the
XX century - the emergence of numerous
methods of psychotherapy «new wave»
Psychotherapy - is a
specialty
The subject of
psychotherapy - omnia et
nihil, - treatment mediated
through the mental sphere

57.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
6 period - autodistsiplinarno-identification currently -building intradistsiplinarnoy
model (concept) psychotherapy; the
appearance of "neo-classical" methods
(simultaneous mnesticheskimi
psychotherapy or psihometodologiya
Psychotherapy - is a discipline
Psychotherapy Item - pathonosological forms

58.

BASIC RESEARCH METHODS
Clinical and psychopathological
CLINICAL AND PATHOPSYCHOLOGICAL
CLINICAL AND PSYCHO PHENOMENOLOGICAL
INSTRUMENTAL
(CT, MRI, EEG, Echo-EG, REG, PET)
LABORATORY

59.

Prevalence of mental illness
Prevalence
mental illness is about 3% of patients with psychotic
disorders and forms 10% -15% of patients with
borderline disorders.
During the XX century significantly increased lifetime
incidence of mental disorders significantly decreased
age of onset of mental and behavioral disorders
During the XX century the average annual average prevalence of
mental and behavioral disorders in the world increased by 10 times,
including:
Psychosis - an increase of 3.8 times.
Borderline disorder - growth 21.4 times (including neuroses and
other neurotic disorders - growth 61.7 times).
Alcoholism - an increase in 58.2 times.
Oligophrenia - growth 30 times.

60.

Prevalence of mental illness
Specific weight in relation to all cases registered,%
Diagnosis
psychiatric office
polyclinic dispensary
Schizophrenia
37,6
38,7
Bipolar affective disorder
and cyclothymia
13,1
7,0
Psychopathy
16,1
10,1
Neuroses and reactive
states
14,9
22,3
Somatogenic
9,5
2,1
Vascular disorders and
organic brain damage
6,4
13,9
other
2,4
5,9

61.

Mental health services
Organizational forms of mental health care
asylum
mental hospital
hospitals
day hospital
POLYCLINICS
Departments and
offices at the
outpatient clinic
Rehabilitation
Department
psycho-neurological
boarding

62.

Mental health services
TYPES dispensary observation
ADVISORY WATCH
Outpatient dynamic
observation
Forsed outpatient
HELP

63. TYPES psychoprophylaxis

Primary psychoprophylaxis (mental hygiene) aimed at the
prevention of mental illness in healthy individuals contingent
on the etiology of the disease. The effectiveness of primary
psychoprophylaxis estimated incidence rate.
Secondary psychoprophylaxis - early detection and
treatment of disease, clinical examination of patients for the
prevention of recurrence or exacerbation of mental
disorders. Its effectiveness is determined by the index of
morbidity of the population.
Tertiary psychoprophylaxis aimed at preventing disability. In
this work, the physician uses clinical examination of all
possibilities, the connection of social workers to carry out
the entire range of possible rehabilitation. Its effectiveness is
determined by the measure of disability due to mental
illness.

64. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION