Psychology and pathology of consciousness

1. PSYCHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS

2. DEFINITIONS

CONSCIOUSNESS:
is the highest level of mental reflection of
reality and self-manifested ability of the
person to give himself clear of odd about
the environment, about the present and past
time to make decisions and according to the
situation to control his behavior.

3. DEFINITIONS

From the position:
PSYCHIATRY VIEW
ability in concentration of attention and orientation in
oneself, time, own personality set of knowledge and
experience (consciousness – cumulative knowledge)
PEDAGOGICAL VIEW
the relation of I to external world constructed on the
basis of association, integration and displacement

4. DEFINITIONS

a stage on which separate mental phenomena pass,
stronger or weaker illuminated by a projector of
attention , or :
the real experience of mental life
dichotomy of the subject and object
the knowledge of own conscious I
(K.Jaspers)
a phenomenon of the spherical order, including all
spheres of mentality
(E.Kretschmer)
the world given in the language, consciousness
reveals itself through symbols and signs, otherwise it
simply not present
(L.Wittgenstein)

5. Evolution of consciousness

Consciousness Of Waking - the
activation status of the entire body,
allowing him to capture, select and
interpret the signals of the external
world, to send some of them to memory,
or respond to an adequate behavior depending on prior experience and skills
waking levels:
- extreme voltage level,
- active wakefulness,
- quiet wakefulness.

6. Evolution of consciousness

Objective consciousness –
form of interaction with the
environment is created in which
the complete picture of the subject
structure, relations between its
elements and methods of action
based on it. Mastering objective
consciousness allows itself to
delve into the structure of the
object or phenomenon

7. Evolution of consciousness

Individual consciousness - a subjective image
of the world, a set of ideas, attitudes, feelings
emerging from an individual under the
influence of the conditions of his life and
mental characteristics.

8. Evolution of consciousness

Collective consciousness
consciousness forms in
different social groups,
characterized by a sort of
social-normative and socialvalue
orientations
and
regulating the behavior of
group members. (National
identity, professional, age,
etc.)

9. Evolution of consciousness

Public consciousness - a combination of
knowledge, spiritual values, collective ideas,
principles and standards of behavior inherent
in a certain particular society at a particular
period of its existence

10. FUNCTIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Cognitive function - to provide knowledge
about nature, society and people.
Reflective function - vital functions of
consciousness makes the subject of his will
The creative function - an active impact on the
validity of its change and transformation
The evaluation function - determining a
positive or negative attitude towards the
project based on the needs, interests, goals,
norms and ideals

11. CRITERIA OF CONSCIOUNESS

Orientation :
in oneself (auto psychical)
in time, space ( allo psychical)
Clearness of perception, activity of attention.
State of thinking (analysis, synthesis, ability
for judgment, associate process ).
Degree of memorizing and recalling.

12. DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Quantitative
Qualitative
Obnubilation
Somnolence
Sopor
Coma
Delirium
Amentia
Oneiric
Twilight sleep

13. A state of a turned off consciousness

Fainting - attack transient loss of consciousness
due to a temporary disturbance of cerebral
blood flow

14. Decline of level of consciousness

Obnubilation - disturbance of consciousness,
characterized by limitation of verbal contact, increasing
the threshold of perception of external stimuli,
decreased motor activity, lethargy, disorientation

15. Decline of level of consciousness

Somnolence
(sleepiness) - a disorder of
consciousness in which a
person loses the ability to
perceive speech. The
patient
is
sleepy,
apathetic, lethargic, so
that he did not clearly
understand
what
is
happening around.

16. Decline of level of consciousness

Sopor - disturbance of consciousness,
characterized by the preservation of coordinated
protective reactions, opening the eyes in response
to pain, sound and other stimuli, the preservation
of all reflexes

17. Decline of level of consciousness

Coma - a life-threatening
condition characterized by a
complete shutdown of
consciousness, lack of
response to external stimuli,
fading reflexes before their
complete disappearance

18. QUALITATIVE disorders of consciousness

Delirium
the presence of true
hallucinations and
delusions, delirium
secondary, violation of
orientation in the world
and time, maintaining
awareness of self.
Memory is stored.

19. QUALITATIVE disorders of consciousness oneiroid syndrome

Syndrome characterized by
the presence of deployed
paintings fantastic dreamlike
hallucinations, interwoven
with reality. Disorientation in
time and space and self. The
memory for the duration of
the state of conservation.

20. Twilight state

Appearing suddenly and
manifested profound
disorientation in the
environment and own
personality, memory loss
at the time of the attack,
affecter fear, fragmentary
delusions. Often the usual
safety automated actions.

21. Twilight state

Somnambulism
Penchant
for

22. Psychopathology intellectually - mnestical sphere.

23. Memory as a mental process

Memory - a psychological
cognitive process, which consists in
the reflection of objective reality
through memorization, retention,
recognition and playback of what
happened in the past experiences.

24. Physiological mechanisms of memory

The physiological basis of memory traces
are reactions in the cerebral cortex - the
temporary neural connections that occur
among neurons under the influence of
external stimuli. The reliability of memory
depends on the ability to concentrate, the
frequency of repetitions and individual
storage features.

25. Memorization

Memorizing - memory
process, which is to
consolidate new
information by linking it
with the already
acquired earlier.
The basis of the
memory of the material
with a sense of
connection in one piece ..

26. Memorization

memorization techniques:
structuring;
synthesis;
schematization;
planning;
associatively;
reiteration.
Types of memory:
logical - by understanding the logical connections of
memorized information;
mechanical - through the establishment of foreign
associations, linking incentives only by contiguity.

27.

Data storage
Storage of information - storage process
which provides memory retention results
for a long time after the storing.
Types of storing information:
dynamic (in RAM);
static (information is modified and
converted into long-term memory).

28. Data storage

Factors affecting the preservation of
information:
volume - best stored in a memory volume larger
material;
meaningful - meaningful material is best stored
in the memory;
way of learning;
nature of the actions preceding memorization;
emotions.

29.

PLAYBACK
PLAYBACK - memory process, which results in the
updating of the fixed material by extracting it from the
long-term memory and transfers operational.
A simple form of reproduction is the RECOGNITION
- recognition of the perceived object or phenomenon as
already known from past experience, the establishment
of similarities between the object and its image in the
memory.

30. Forgetting

Forgetting - memory process, which leads to loss of
precision and reduce the volume of material, and
sometimes impossible to play it.
The rate of forgetting depends on:
volume;
awareness;
the degree of importance;
the degree of involvement in the information
structure of the entity's activities;
age;
fatigue;
nature of the activity prior to memorization.

31. Quantitative memory disorders.

HYPERMNESIA - abnormal increase in
memory function. This remembering may
remain at the normal level, and play dramatically increase. Sagging memories
become chaotic nature that reduces the ability
to focus concentration and reduces the
productivity of thought and mental activity in
general.

32. Quantitative memory disorders.

GIPOMNEZIYA - a painful
memory loss. This disorder usually
affects all of its compiled-guides.
Often there anekforii symptom
when reproduction of names of
known objects, the names of loved
ones, "jumped out of memory"
word is not possible except when
prompted by the. The most
common is a progressive character
gipomneziya.

33. Quantitative memory disorders.

Amnesia - loss of the ability to preserve and
reproduce previously learned information,
and in some cases and the inability to fix it. In
organic lesions of the brain, it can extend to
long periods of time, while, for example, when
hysteria is fragmented and is associated with
loss of memory emotionally negative episodes.

34. Retrograde amnesia

Retrograde amnesia loss of memory of
events preceding
disease occurrence
or condition
associated with
impaired
consciousness

35. Kongradnaya amnesia

Kongradnaya amnesia is amnesia for
the period of the state of impaired
consciousness, often turned off. It is due
not so much disorder, memory function,
as the impossibility of perception,
capturing it, for example, during the
coma or sopor.

36. Ecmnesia

Anterograde amnesia loss of memory of current
events, experiences, facts,
taking place in the period
following the acute stage of
the disease. At the same
time, they tend to suffer the
functions of memorization
and retention.

37. PARAMNESIA

Paramnesia - false
memories. They are
the memory failure
fictitious memories.

38. Confabulation

Confabulation - bright, imaginative false memories
with a pathological belief in their truth.
There are three options confabulation:
replacing characterizable commonplace content, often
have professional and consumer character, unstable,
labile on the plot;
fantastic confabulation - false memories of incredible
fantastic events that allegedly took place in the distant
or recent past;
paralytic confabulation - false memories absurd
content.

39. CRYPTOMNESIA

Cryptomnesia - memory corruption,
at which the transfer or assignment of
vision, read or heard of memories

40. FALSE MEMORY SYNDROME

False memory syndrome - false
memories, "memories of illusion."
Memories of the events actually
took place are sick in a different
time period.

41. Структура интеллекта

Интеллект необходимо рассматривать как сложную
многоуровневую структуру:
• результат процесса социализации, а также влияния
культуры в целом;
• следствие адаптации к требованиям окружающей среды в
естественных условиях взаимодействия человека с
окружающим миром;
• особая форма человеческой деятельности;
• продукт целенаправленного обучения;
• совокупность элементарных процессов обработки
информации;
• особая форма содержания сознания;
• система разноуровневых познавательных процессов;
• фактор саморегуляции.

42. Базовые свойства интеллекта

Уровневые свойства, хар. достигнутый уровень развития
отдельных познавательных функций и презентации
действительности, лежащие в основе процессов;
2. Комбинаторные свойства, хар. способностью к выявлению
и формированию разного рода связей и отношений в
широком смысле слова – способность комбинировать в
различных сочетаниях компоненты опыта;
3. Процессуальные свойства, хар. операциональный состав,
приемы и отражение интеллектуальной деятельности вплоть
до уровня элементарных информационных процессов;
4. Регуляторные свойства, хар. обеспечиваемые интеллектом
эффекты координации, управления и контроля психической
активности.
1.

43. Intelligence

Intelligence - integrative mental
function, including the ability to
learn, knowledge and ability to use
them.

44. Dementia

Dementia - Dementia acquired,
sustained reduction in the loss of
cognitive functions in one degree or
another previously learned
knowledge and practical skills, and
difficulty or inability to purchase
new ones.

45. CLASSIFICATION OF DEMENTIAS

LACUNARITY DEMENTIA. He
suffers from memory: progressive
amnesia and fixation. Patients may
compensate their defect, recording
important on paper, and so on. N.
-TOTAL
DEMENTIA.
Gross
violations in the field of cognitive and
personality
-

46. OLIGOPHRENIA

Oligophrenia - congenital or early
dementia, manifested in persistent
underdevelopment of intelligence

47. Degrees of severity of mental retardation

DEBILITY - the most mild dementia.
Morons usually end up supporting the
school, are able to live independently.
They dominated the concrete descriptive
type of thinking, while the capacity for
abstraction almost absent.

48. Degrees of severity of mental retardation

IMBECILE - an average severity degree of
mental retardation. Imbeciles understand
the speech of others, may themselves to
utter short phrases. Able to produce basic
counting operations to absorb simple work
skills and self-service skills. They need
constant supervision and care.

49. Degrees of severity of mental retardation

IDIOCY - the most profound degree of mental
retardation. In absolute idiocy along with
vegetative lifestyle have a self-preservation
instinct. The reaction to the surrounding either
absent or greatly improved. These patients do not
understand others. Emotional reactions are
associated with general well-being, as well as the
satisfaction of their needs and are expressed in
the feeling of pleasure or displeasure.

50.

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