How to make a summary

1.

MAKING SUMMARY AND ESSAY

2.

PREPARATORY NOTES
For summaries and essays we need:
1) A4 sheet of paper
2) margins should be on the left
3) write your first and last name + number of
the group

3.

SUMMARY
Analytical writing (LENGTH - SHORTER):
Read the contents highlight main ideas and key words/ expressions/ structures/ sentences
- Think over the structure and arrangement of your thoughts according to the following plan:
1) make an introduction (1 or 2 sentences) to give the main idea of the text
-- useful expressions: the article headlined ‘….’ deals with the problem of…./ touches upon the problem/
the question of..../ focuses on the idea….
-
2) make the main body (1 paragraph) to develop the problem + give arguments, facts and examples from
the text
-- useful expressions:
1)
the author starts by saying that…./ the author analyzes….
2)
Listing the points: firstly, secondly, thirdly….finally
3)
Addition: moreover/ furthermore/ in addition
4)
Opposition: on the one hand…on the other hand/ nevertheless/ at the same time
3) make the conclusion (2-3 sentences) to collect all thoughts:
-- useful expressions: to conclude/ in conclusion it’s necessary to say…/ to sum it up….

4.

ESSAY
Analytical writing (LENGTH - LONGER):
choose the topic
- think over the structure and arrangement of your thoughts according to the following
plan:
1)
make an introduction (1 paragraph – several sentences) to state the idea of the topic –
SHOULD HAVE A GENERAL CHARACTER
-
2) make the main body (1-3 paragraph) to develop the problem + give arguments, use facts
and examples, numbers
-- useful expressions:
1)
General words
2)
Listing the points: firstly, secondly, thirdly….finally
3)
Addition: moreover/ furthermore/ in addition
4)
Opposition: on the one hand…on the other hand/ nevertheless/ at the same time
3) make the conclusion (1 paragraph – several sentences ) to collect all thoughts:
-- useful expressions: to conclude/ in conclusion it’s necessary to say…/ to sum it up….