aj population. pptx

1.

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
OF POPULATION OF INDIA
A PRESENTATION FOR
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOLOGY
CRIMEA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
SIMFEROPOL, CRIMEA
STUDENT NAME : AJAY KUMAR SHARMA
GROUP: 195B
GUIDED BY:
ANNA ZHUKOVA ALEXANDROVNA

2.

W H AT IS P O P U L AT I O N
A p o p u l a t i o n is all t h e o r g a n i s m s t h a t b o t h b e l o n g t o t h e
s a m e g r o u p o r species a n d l i v e i n t h e s a m e g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a .
I n e c o l o g y t h e p o p u l a t i o n o f a c e r t a i n species i n a c e r t a i n a r e a
is e s t i m a t e d u s i n g t h e L i n c o l n I n d e x . T h e a r e a t h a t is u s e d t o
d e f i n e a s e x u a l p o p u l a t i o n is s u c h t h a t i n t e r - b r e e d i n g is
possible b e t w e e n a n y p a i r w i t h i n t h e a r e a a n d m o r e p r o b a b l e
t h a n cross-breeding w i t h i n d i v i d u a l s f r o m o t h e r areas.
N o r m a l l y b r e e d i n g is s u b s t a n t i a l l y m o r e c o m m o n w i t h i n t h e
a r e a t h a n a c r o s s t h e b o r d e r.
I n sociology, p o p u l a t i o n r e f e r s t o a c o l l e c t i o n o f h u m a n
b e i n g s . D e m o g r a p h y is a social s c i e n c e w h i c h e n t a i l s t h e
statistical s t u d y of h u m a n populations. This article refers
m a i n l y to h u m a n population.

3.

INDIA’S S H A R E O F W O R L D S
P O P U L AT I O N

4.

POPULATIO N DISTRIBUTI ON B Y
DENSITY
Population distribution in India
shows wide variation. U t t a r
P r a d e s h is t h e m o s t p o p u l o u s s t a t e
i n I n d i a w i t h a p o p u l a t i o n of
m o r e t h a n 166 mi l l i on, w h i c h is
m o r e t h a n t h e p o p u l a t i o n of I n d i a ,
the sixth most populous c o u n t r y in
t h e w o r l d . N i n e t e e n s t a t e s of I n d i a
h a v e a p o p u l a t i o n of o v e r t e n
mi l l i on. O n t h e o t h e r h a n d t h e r e
are eight states a n d u n i o n
territories in the c o u n t r y t h a t
h a v e a p o p u l a t i o n of less t h a n o n e
mi l l i on. A l m o s t h a l f of Indi a ' s
p o p u l a t i o n l i ve s i n f i v e states,
n a m e l y, U t t a r P r a d e s h ,
M a h a r a s h t r a , B i h a r, We s t B e n g a l ,
a n d A n d h r a Pradesh.

5.

P O P U L AT I O N G R O W T H IN
INDIA
India’s p o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h r a t e h a s d e c e l e r a t e d t o 17.64 p e r c e n t i n
t h e d e c a d e 2001-11, t h e s lo w e s t r a t e of g r o w t h t h i s p a s t c e n t u r y,
according to the first
r e s u l ts of Census 2011 p u t o u t b y t h e
r e g i s t r a r - g e n e r a l of census .
India’s p o p u l a t i o n i n 2011 is e s t i m a t e d t o be 1.21
billion,
c o m p r i s i n g 6 24 m i l l i o n m a l e s a n d 587 mi l l i o n f e ma les . W h i l e t h e
gender imbalance in population remains, the p r e l i mi n a r y census
f i g u r e s s h o w t h a t India’s f e m a l e p o p u l a t i o n g r e w b y 18.12 p e r c e n t
o v e r t h e p a s t d e c a d e a g a i n s t 17.19 p e r c e n t f o r ma l e s .
India’s l i t e r a c y r a t e h a s g o n e u p f r o m 64.83 p e r c e n t i n 2001 t o
74.04 p e r c e n t i n 2011. L i t e r a t e s c o n s t i t u t e 74 p e r c e n t of t h e t o t a l
p o p u l a t i o n a g e d s e v e n a n d a b o v e . T h e sex-ratio, t h a t is n u m b e r
of f e m a l e s p e r 1,000 ma l e s , h a s i m p r o v e d t o 9 4 0 f r o m 933 a
d e c a d e ago.

6.

P O P U L AT I O N G R O W T H
R AT E IN INDIA

7.

POPULATION GROWTH
BY COUNTRY
Rank
Country
Population
(thousand
s) 2010
Population
(thousand
s) 1990
Growth
(%)
19902010
World
6,895,889
5,306,425
30.0%
1
China
1,341,335
1,145,195
17.1%
2
India
1,224,614
873,785
40.2%
3
United States
310,384
253,339
22.5%
4
Indonesia
239,871
184,346
30.1%
5
Brazil
194,946
149,650
30.3%
6
Pakistan
173,593
111,845
55.3%
7
Nigeria
158,423
97,552
62.4%
8
Bangladesh
148,692
105,256
41.3%
9
Russia
142,958
148,244
-3.6%
10
Japan
126,536
122,251
3.5%

8.

W H AT IS B I R T H R A T E
• C r u d e b i r t h r a t e is t h e n a t i v i t y o r c h i l d b i r th s p e r 1,000 people
p e r y e a r (in e s t i m a t i o n r e v i e w
points). A n o t h e r w o r d u s e
D i n t e r c h a n g e a b l y w i t h "b irth rate" is "natality" . W h e n t h e
c r u d e d e a t h r a t e is s u b t r a c t e d f r o m t h e c r u d e b i r t h r a t e , i t
r e v e a l s t h e r a t e of n a t u r a l i n c r e a s e ( R N I ) . T h i s n u m b e r is e q u a l
t o t h e r a t e of p o p u l a t i o n c h a n g e ( n o t f a c t o r i n g i n m i g r a t i o n ) .
I t is i m p o r t a n t t o d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n a t o t a l o r c r u d e b i r t h
r a t e , w h i c h uses all b ir ths , t y p i c a l l y i n d i c a t e d a s b i r t h s p e r
1000, v e r s u s a n age-specific r a t e w h i c h is t y p i c a l l y i n d i c a t e d as
t h e n u m b e r of b i r t h s p e r 1 0 0 0 p e r s o n s i n t h i s a g e g r o u p . T h e
first k n o w n
u s e of t h e t e r m "bir th rate" i n t h e En g lish
l a n g u a g e w a s i n 1859. T h e b i r t h r a t e is t y p i c a l l y t h e m a i n
v a r i a b l e i n assessing t h e r a t e of p o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h .

9.

B I R T H R AT E IN INDIA

10.

W H AT IS D E AT H R AT E
• M o r t a l i t y r a t e is a m e a s u r e of t h e n u m b e r of d e a t h s (in g e n e r a l, o r
d u e t o a specific cause) i n a p o p u l a t i o n , scaled t o t h e s i z e of t h a t
p o p u l a t i o n , p e r u n i t t i m e . M o r t a l i t y r a t e is t y p i c a l l y e x p r e s s e d
i n u n i t s of d e a t h s p e r 1000 i n d i v i d u a l s p e r ye a r ; t h u s , a m o r t a l i t y
r a t e of 9.5 i n a p o p u l a t i o n of 100,000 w o u l d m e a n 950 d e a t h s p e r
y e a r i n t h a t e n t i r e p o p u l a t i o n , o r 0.95% o u t of t h e to ta l .
I t is d i s t i n c t f r o m m o r b i d i t y r a t e , w h i c h r e f e r s t o t h e n u m b e r of
individuals in poor health d u r in g a g iv en t i m e
p e r i o d (th e
p r e v a l e n c e r a t e ) o r t h e n u m b e r of n e w l y a p p e a r i n g cases of t h e
disease p e r u n i t of t i m e ( in c id e n c e rate) . T h e t e r m " mo r t a l i t y " is
also s o m e t i m e s i n a p p r o p r i a t e l y u s e d t o r e f e r t o t h e n u m b e r of
d e a t h s a m o n g a set of d i a g n o s e d h o s p it a l cases f o r a disease o r
i n j u r y, r a t h e r t h a n f o r t h e g e n e r a l p o p u l a t i o n of a c o u n t r y o r
e t h n i c g r o u p . T h i s disease m o r t a l i t y s t a t i s t i c is m o r e p r e c is e l y
r e f e r r e d t o a s "case f a t a li ty " .

11.

DEATH RATE IN INDIA

12.

13.

A G E COMPOSITION
• Children :- T h e y a r e e c o n o m i c a l l y u n p r o d u c t i v e a n d n e e d t o
b e p r o v i d e d w i t h food, c l o t h i n g , e d u c a t i o n a n d m e d i c a l c a r e .
• Working Age :- T h e y a r e e c o n o m i c a l l y
productive and
b io lo g i c a ll y r e p r o d u c t i v e .
Th ey comprise the w ork ing
population.
• Aged :- T h e y a r e e c o n o m i c a l l y p r o d u c t i v e
though they and
m a y h a v e retired. T h e y m a y be w o r k i n g v o l u n t a r i l y b u t t h e y
are not available for e mp l o y me n t through recruitment.

14.

SEX R AT I O
• S e x r a t i o is t h e r a t i o of m a l e s t o f e m a l e s i n a p o p u l a t i o n . T h e
p r i m a r y s e x r a t i o is t h e r a t i o a t t h e t i m e of c o n c e p t i o n ,
s e c o n d a r y s e x r a t i o is t h e r a t i o a t t i m e of b i r t h , a n d t e r t i a r y s e x
r a t i o is t h e r a t i o of m a t u r e o rg a n i s m s .
• T h e h u m a n s e x r a t i o is of p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t t o a n t h r o p o l o g i s t s
a n d d e m o g r a p h e r s . I n h u m a n s t h e s e c o n d a r y s e x r a t i o is
c o m m o n l y a s s u m e d t o be 105 b o y s t o 100 girls ( w h i c h s o m e t i m e s
is s h o r t e n e d t o "a r a t i o of 105"). I n h u m a n societies, h o w e v e r,
s e x r a t i o s a t b i r t h m a y be c o n s i d e r a b l y s k e w e d b y f a c t o r s
s u c h a s t h e a g e of m o t h e r a t b i r t h , a n d b y sex -selective a b o r t i o n
a n d infanticide.
• The C I A estimates t h a t the c u r r e n t w o r ld w i d e sex ratio at
b i r t h is 107 b o y s t o 100 girls. I n 2010, t h e global s e x r a t i o w a s
986 f e m a l e s p e r 1,000 m a l e s a n d t r e n d e d t o r e d u c e t o 9 8 4 i n
2011.

15.

SEX R A T I O IN INDIA

16.

W H AT IS L I T E R A C Y
Literacy has been described as the ability to r e a d for knowledge a n d
wri t e coherently a n d t h i n k critically about the w r i t t e n word. Literacy
c a n also i n c l u d e t h e a b i l i t y t o u n d e r s t a n d all f o r m s of c o m m u n i c a t i o n ,
be i t b o d y l a n g u a g e , p i c t u r e s , v i d e o & s o u n d ( r e a d i n g , s p e a k i n g ,
l i s t e n i n g a n d v i e w i n g ) . E v o l v i n g d e f i n i t i o n s of l i t e r a c y o f t e n i n c l u d e
all t h e s y m b o l s y s t e m s r e l e v a n t t o a p a r t i c u l a r c o m m u n i t y.
L i t e r a c y e n c o m p a s s e s a c o m p l e x set of abilities t o u n d e r s t a n d a n d use
t h e d o m i n a n t s y m b o l s y s t e m s of a c u l t u r e f o r p e r s o n a l a n d
c o m m u n i t y d e v e l o p m e n t . I n a t e c hnol ogi c a l soc i e ty, t h e c o n c e p t of
l i t e r a c y is e x p a n d i n g t o i n c l u d e t h e m e d i a a n d e le c t roni c t e x t , i n
addition to alphabetic a n d n u m b e r systems.
T he se abilities v a r y i n d i f f e r e n t social a n d c u l t u r a l c o n t e x t s a c c o r d i n g
t o n e e d a n d d e m a n d . W i t h i n a h i g h l y i de a list m o d e r n c o n t e x t ,
i n d i v i d u a l s m u s t be g i v e n lifelong o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o m o v e a l o n g a
c o n t i n u u m t h a t includes the reading, a n d writing, critical
u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d decision- m a k i n g abilities t h e y n e e d i n t h e i r
c o m m u n i t y. I n a n hi st ori c a l c o n t e x t , l i t e r a c y h a s a l w a y s b e e n a
d i ff i c u l t p r o b l e m f o r worl d' s peoples, a s m e a s u r e d t h r o u g h t h e
centuries.

17.

L I T E R A C Y R AT E IN INDIA
• L i t e r a c y i n I n d i a is k e y f o r s o c io - e c o n o mi c p r o g re s s , a n d t h e
I n d i a n l i t e r a c y r a t e g r e w t o 75.06% i n 2011 f r o m 12% a t t h e e n d
o f B r i t i s h r u l e i n 1947. A l t h o u g h t h i s w a s a g r e a t e r t h a n s i x
f o l d i m p r o v e m e n t , t h e l e v e l is w e l l b e l o w t h e w o r l d a v e r a g e
l i t e r a c y r a t e o f 84%, a n d I n d i a c u r r e n t l y h a s t h e l a r g e s t i l l i t e r a t e
population of a n y n a t i o n o n earth.
• Despite g o v e r n m e n t programs, India's literacy r a t e increased
o n l y "sluggishly," a n d a 1990 s t u d y e s t i m a t e d t h a t i t w o u l d
take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy a t
t h e n - c u r r e n t r a t e o f p r o g r ess. T h e 2011 c e n s u s , h o w e v e r ,
i n d i c a t e d a 2001-2011 d e c a d a l l i t e r a c y g r o w t h o f 9.2%, w h i c h is
t h e slower t h a n t h e g r o w t h seen d u r i n g t h e previous decade.

18.

L I T E R A C Y R AT E IN
INDIA

19.

A D O L E S C E N T P O P U L AT I O N
IN INDIA
• I n d i a h as t h e largest p o p u l a t i o n of adolescents
in the world
b e i n g h o m e t o 243 m i l l i o n i n d i v i d u a l s a g e d 10-19 y e a r s , A s s a m
g o v e r n o r J B P a t n a i k s a i d o n S a t u r d a y. R e l e a s i n g t h e U N I C E F ' s
f l a g s h i p ` T h e S t a t e o f t h e Wo r l d ' s C h i l d r e n ' r e p o r t a t t h e R a j
Bh avan in
G u w a h a t i , P a t n a i k s a id , t h e c o u n t r y ' s a d o l e s c e n t s
c o n s t i t u t e d 2 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e w o r l d ' s 1.2 b i l l io n a d o l e s c e n t s .
• S t a t i n g n i n e o u t o f t e n a m o n g t h e 1.2 b illion a d o l e s c e n t s l i v e i n
t h e d e v e l o p i n g w o r l d , t h e g o v e r n o r s aid , A s s a m w a s h o m e t o
a n e s t i m a t e d 6.5 m i l l i o n a d o l e s c e n t s , c o m p r i s i n g
21.3 p e r c e n t o f t h e s t a t e' s p o p u l a t i o n .

20.

N AT I O N A L P O P U L AT I O N
POLICY
• T h e N a t i o n a l P o p u l a t i o n P o l i c y ( N P P ) hop es t o
address the
u n m e t need for contraception, a n d provide health infrastructure,
p e r s o n n e l a n d i n t e g r a t e d s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y f o r basic r e p r o d u c t i v e
a n d c h i ld h e a lt h , b r i n g t h e t o t a l f e r t i l i t y r a t e t o r e p l a c e m e n t
lev el b y 2010, a n d a c h i e v e a stab le p o p u l a t i o n b y 2045.
• Besides m o r e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i v e s s u c h a s m a k i n g school e d u c a t i o n
f r e e a n d c o m p u l s o r y a n d p r o m o t i n g d e l a y e d m a r r i a g e f o r girls,
t h e p o l i c y a d v o c a t e s a n “ i n t e g r a t e d p a c k a g e of e s s en tia l services”,
w h i c h s e e m s t o cons ist of p r o v i d i n g c o n t r a c e p t i v e s , t r e a t i n g s o m e
reproductive infections a n d i mp le me n t in g some co mmu n ic ab le
disease p r o g r a m m e s . S h or tf a lls i n t h e g o v e r n m e n t ’s s ervic e s a r e t o
be m a d e u p b y i n v o l v i n g t h e v o l u n t a r y a n d p r i v a t e sectors.

21.

THANK YOU