Diseases of the cardiovascular system

1.

2.

Cardiovascular diseases affect
different components of the circulatory
system. Сardiovascular system as a
whole is affected hypertension.
However, cardiovascular disease can be
caused by a failure of the mechanisms
of regulation of activity of the heart and
blood vessels, disorders of metabolism.
Cердечно-сосудистые заболевания
поражают различные компоненты
системы кровообращения. Сердечнососудистая система в целом
поражается гипертонической
болезнью. Однако, сердечно сосудистые заболевания могу т быть
вызваны сбоем механизмов
регуляции деятельности сердца и
сосудов, нарушения обмена веществ.

3.

Atherosclerosis (Атеросклероз)
Atherosclerosis -chronic cardiovascular disease, characterized by the
seal of the arterial wall due to proliferation of connective tissue, narrowing
of the blood vessels and deterioration of blood supply of organs.
The main reasons are the following factors that directly affect the occurrence of
atherosclerosis:
•Smoking;
•increasing the level of cholesterol in the blood;
•obesity;
•sedentary lifestyle;
•improper diet;
•stress;
•high blood pressure
•diabetes.
The symptoms of atherosclerosis (симптомы
атеросклероза)
Characterized by a very wide range of clinical
manifestations from the cardiovascular system:
•Pale skin
•cold extremities hands and feet
•marked pressure surges
•painful sensations of different degrees

4.

Treatment of atherosclerosis (Лечение
атеросклероза)
Today atherosclerosis, particularly in the initial
stages, can be treated with medication. There are
several groups of drugs that normalize lipid
metabolism. You can pick up the medication is
acceptable for the price, but has to take it daily for
several years, often for life.

5.

Hypertensive disease (Гипертоническая
болезнь)
Hypertension (hypertension) is a disease
the main symptom of which is increased
blood pressure due to nervous and
functional disorders of vascular tone.
Hypertensive heart disease equally affects
men and women. The disease usually
begins after age 40. This is a very common
pathology.
Risk factors:
•Age
•Gender (male: often in young and middle age to 4045 and women: dramatically increases 45-50)
•Hereditary predisposition (relatives)
•Overweight (increases risk several times)
•Abuse of caffeine
•Bad habits (alcoholism, Smoking), etc.
Causes of hypertension
•frequent and prolonged excitement, anxiety and
emotional turmoil;
•excessive intellectual load;
•irregular working schedule;
•the influence of external distractions (noise,
vibration);
•poor diet
•hereditary predisposition;
•alcoholism;
•nicotine addiction.

6.

Symptoms of
hypertension (Симптомы
гипертонии)
•headache
•dizziness;
•intolerance to bright light and loud
sound with headaches;
•feeling of heaviness in the head and
throbbing in the temples;
•noise in the ears;
•lethargy;
•nausea;
•palpitations and tachycardia;
•sleep disorders;
•fatigue, etc.
Treatment to hypertensions (Лечение гипертонии)
Non-pharmacological treatment includes:
•Cessation of Smoking and intake of alcoholic
beverages.
•The fight against excess weight.
•The increase in physical activity.
•The change in diet
Drug therapy includes:
•antiadrenergic funds: Pentamine
•arteriolar vasodilators: Minoxidil
•calcium antagonists: Corinfar,
•diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazidе
Complications (Осложнение)
•Diseases of CNS(stroke, chronic cerebrovascular
disease, etc.)
•Kidney disease
•Blurred vision(hypertension accompanied by blood
circulation in the retina and optic nerve)
•Diabetes mellitus(diabetic foot, retinopathy)
•Заболевания ЦНС(инсульт, хроническая
цереброваскулярная болезнь и др.)
•Болезни почек
•Нарушение зрения(гипертония сопровождается
нарушением кровообращения в сетчатке и
зрительном нерве)
•Сахарный диабет(диабетическая стопа,
ретинопатия)

7.

Myocardial infarction is one of ischemic heart disease,
which is a necrosis of cardiac muscle due to abrupt
cessation of coronary blood flow due to lesions of the
coronary arteries.
Causes and factors risk of myocardial infarction (Причины и факторы риска инфаркта миокарда)
reasons:
•High cholesterol levels in the blood
•Coronary heart disease
•Angina
risk factors:
•Hypertension
•Smoking
•Alcohol abuse
•Diabetes
•Overweight
•Low physical activity.
•факторы риска:
•факторы риска:
•Гипертония Курение
•Злоупотребление алкоголем
•Сахарный диабет
•Избыточный вес
•Низкая физическая активность.
причины:
•Высокий уровень холестерина в крови
•Ишемическая болезнь сердца
•Стенокардия
The symptoms of myocardial infarction
•Discomfort in the abdomen, pain in the abdomen;
•Nausea, vomiting;
•Violation of cardiac rhythm;
•Shortness of breath;
•The feeling of fear;
•Pallor of the skin;
•Cold sweat;
•Headache;
•Dizziness, loss of consciousness.
Important! When the above symptoms,
especially when the main one is chest pain, or
discomfort in the chest, immediately call the
ambulance!

8.

First aid in myocardial infarction
Emergency medical care in myocardial infarction includes:
1. Sit or lay the person in a comfortable position, release the torso from
tight clothes. Provide free access of air.
2. Give the victim drink the following:
— tablet Nitroglycerin, in severe attacks 2 pieces;
drop of calm — 30-40 drops;
— pill "Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin").
These products help to numb the bout of heart attack and also to minimize
the number of possible complications. In addition, an Aspirin prevents the
formation of blood vessels, new blood clots.
Complications (осложнение)
Untimely medical aid for heart attack can lead to the following
complications:
•Arrhythmia (abno rmal heart rhythm);
•Acute heart failure;
•Thrombosis of arteries of the internal organs, w hich often lead to the
develo pment of strokes, pneumoni a, necrosis of the intestine, etc .;
•Cardiogenic shock;
•Aneurysm of the h eart;
•Post-infarct syndro me (joint pain, pericarditis, pneumonia, etc.)
•Fatal.