Myiasis is the parasitic infestation

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PRESENTED BY—
SAYANDIP DAS
GROUP-193(A)
Scientific Leader – Svetlana
Smirnova

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CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING
TO HABBITAT;
TYPE OF TISSUE
INVADED
(BISHOP’S
CLASSIFICATION)

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Myiasis is the parasitic infestation of the body of a live animal by
fly larvae (maggots) which grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue.
Although flies are most commonly attracted to open wounds and urine- or
feces-soaked fur, some species (including the most common myiatic flies—
the botfly, blowfly, and screwfly) can create an infestation even on unbroken
skin and have been known to use moist soil
and non-myiatic flies(such as the common housefly) as vector agents for
their parasitic larvae.
Because some animals (particularly domestic animals) cannot react as
effectively as humans to the causes and effects of myiasis, such infestations
present a severe and continuing problem for livestock industries worldwide
causing severe economic losses where they are not mitigated byhuman actio

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CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO HABITAT(TYPES
OF TISSUE INVADED)

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MEMBERS OF FAMILY OESTRIDAE

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LIFE CYCLE
Newly-emerged bot fly larvae then penetrate the
host's tissue. to mate and repeat the cycle. Other
genera of myiasis-causing flies (including
Cochliomyia, Cuterebra, and Wohlfahrtia) have a
more direct life cycle, where the adult flies lay their
eggs directly in, or in the vicinity of, wounds on the
host.

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According to habitat (type of tissue invaded):
(a) Intestinal: e.g. Musca, Calliphora, Lucilia
and Sarcophaga
(b) Gastric:
(c) Urogenital: e.g. Fannia (lay eggs on
urethral opening).
(d) Cutaneous: e.g. Eristalis, Traumatic
(wound) myiasis invade wounds or ulcers e.g.
members of Calliphoridae. Creeping eruption
e.g. Gasterophilus & Hypoderma. Nodular e.g.
Dermatobia and Cordylobia. (e) Ocular: e.g.
Oéstrus, Wohlfahrtia and Sarcophaga,
(f) Aural: e.g. Wohlfahrtia and Sarcophaga. (g)
Nasopharyngeal e.g. Wohlfahrtia and
Sarcophaga.

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The classical description of myiasis is according
to the part of the host that is infected. This is the
classification used by ICD-10. For example:
[dermal
sub-dermal
cutaneous creeping, where larvae burrow
through or under the skinfuruncular, where a
larva remains in one spot, causing a boil-like
lesion
nasopharyngeal, in the nose, sinuses or pharynx (
ophthalmic or ocular, in or about the eye
auricular, in or about the ear
gastric, rectal, or intestinal/enteric for the
appropriate part of the digestive system
urogenital

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DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis of myiasis is made
by the finding of fly larvae in
tissue. Identification to the genus
or species level involves
comparing certain morphological
structures on the larvae,
including the anterior and
posterior spiracles, mouthparts
and cephalopharyngeal skeleton,
and cuticular spines

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TREATMENT
Wound myiasis requires debridement
with irrigation to eliminate the larvae
from the wound or surgical removal.
Application of chloroform, chloroform
in light vegetable oil, or ether, with
removal of the larvae under local
anesthesia, has been advocated for
wound myiasis

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PREVENTION
PREVENTION
To prevent myiasis in humans, there is a need
for general improvement of sanitation,
personal hygiene, and extermination of the
flies by insecticides. Clothes should be
washed thoroughly, preferably in hot water,
dried away from flies, and ironed thoroughly.
The heat of the iron kills the eggs of myiasiscausing flies.

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YOUTUBE LINKS:-
https://youtu.be/G_3hCbBw6cY
https://youtu.be/fpfO_NKbaBc
https://youtu.be/cS4i1Dm2IOk

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EPIDEMIOLOGY
The most common infected animal worldwide is the domestic sheep, for more
information see fly strike in sheep. This condition is caused by
the blowfly (particularly Lucilia sericata and its sister species L. cuprina),
especially where the weather is often hot and wet. [15] Blowfly strike accounts
for over A$170 million a year in losses in the Australian sheep industry, the
largest such losses in the world. Given the seriousness of the risk, Australian
sheep farmers commonly perform preventive measures such
as mulesing designed to remove the most common targets for the flies.
The docking of lambs' tails (another frequently-soiled area that flies target) is
also commonly practiced by sheep farmers worldwide. Maggots also
occasionally[citation needed] infest the vulvar area, causing the condition called vulvar
myiasis.

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MAGGOT THERAPY
Throughout recorded history, maggots have been used therapeutically to clean
out necrotic wounds, an application known as maggot therapy.
Fly larvae that feed on dead tissue can clean wounds and may reduce bacterial
activity and the chance of a secondary infection. They dissolve dead tissue by
secreting digestive enzymes onto the wound as well as actively eating the dead
tissue with mouth hooks, two hard, probing appendages protruding on either
side of the "mouth".Maggot therapy – also known as maggot debridement
therapy (MDT), larval therapy, larva therapy, or larvae therapy – is the
intentional introduction by a health care practitioner of live, disinfected green
bottle fly maggots into the non-healing skin and soft tissue wounds of a
human or other animal for the purpose of selectively cleaning out only the
necrotic tissue within a wound in order to promote healing.

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EPIDEMIOLOGY
The most common infected animal worldwide is the domestic sheep, for more
information see fly strike in sheep. This condition is caused by
the blowfly (particularly Lucilia sericata and its sister species L. cuprina),
especially where the weather is often hot and wet. [15] Blowfly strike accounts
for over A$170 million a year in losses in the Australian sheep industry, the
largest such losses in the world. Given the seriousness of the risk, Australian
sheep farmers commonly perform preventive measures such
as mulesing designed to remove the most common targets for the flies.
The docking of lambs' tails (another frequently-soiled area that flies target) is
also commonly practiced by sheep farmers worldwide. Maggots also
occasionally[citation needed] infest the vulvar area, causing the condition called vulvar
myiasis.

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THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION