Modal Verbs of Obligation

1. Modal Verbs of Obligation

Should, must, have to

2. What is a modal verb of obligation?

A modal verb of obligation
1. Makes a recommendation to
someone
2. Is followed by another verb
Ex) You should speak only English in class.

3. Warm-up Activity

Directions: Match the problems with their potential solutions.
1.
Sarah doesn’t make enough money to pay her bills.
A. She must visit her doctor immediately.
2.
Elizabeth woke up with a very high fever.
B. She has to look for a better job.
3.
Marissa spends a lot of time at home.
C. She should go out more often.

4. Warm-up Activity

Directions: Match the problems with their potential solutions.
1.
Sarah doesn’t make enough money to pay her bills.
A. She must visit her doctor immediately.
2.
Elizabeth woke up with a very high fever.
B. She has to look for a better job.
3.
Marissa spends a lot of time at home.
C. She should go out more often.

5. Urgency Scale – how urgent is it?

Directions: Move the sentence so it’s above the point on the scale where it belongs.
She must visit her doctor immediately.
Not urgent at all;
A light suggestion
She has to look for a better job.
Somewhat urgent;
A strong suggestion
She should go out more often.
Very urgent;
A necessity

6. Urgency Scale – how urgent is it?

Directions: Move the sentence so it’s above the point on the scale where it belongs.
She should go out more often.
Not urgent at all;
A light suggestion
She has to look for a better job.
Somewhat urgent;
A strong suggestion
She must visit her doctor immediately.
Very urgent;
A necessity

7. The Grammar of Modal Verbs

Look at three ways of offering advice to Marissa. Discuss with your neighbor which verb
behaves differently, and how.
She must go out more often.
She has to go out more often.
She should go out more often.

8. The Grammar of Modal Verbs

Look at three ways of offering advice to Marissa. Discuss with your neighbor which verb
behaves differently, and how.
She must go out more often.
She has to go out more often.
She should go out more often.
CORRECT!
This one is followed by
the infinitive form (to +
verb).

9. The Grammar of Modal Verbs

Now, look at the advice to Marissa versus the advice to Marissa and her friend Sally.
Discuss with your neighbor another difference between these modal verbs.
She must go out more often.
They must go out more often.
She has to go out more often.
They have to go out more often.
She should go out more often.
They should go out more often.

10. The Grammar of Modal Verbs

Now, look at the advice to Marissa versus the advice to Marissa and her friend Sally.
Discuss with your neighbor another difference between these modal verbs.
She must go out more often.
They must go out more often.
She has to go out more often.
They have to go out more often.
She should go out more often.
CORRECT!
This verb is conjugated
according to the subject.
They should go out more often.

11. OK, let’s review!

To Have – Present Tense
Directions: Form sentences using the correct form of the verb
“to have” in the present tense.
I
have
You
have
He
has
She
has
3. ON TIME-SONIA-HAVE/HAS-TO-ARRIVE
It
has
4. WE-RESPECT-TO-HAVE/HAS-OUR PARENTS
We
have
5. A COAT-YOU-WEAR-TO-HAVE/HAS-OUTSIDE
They
have
1. EDDY-MORE-STUDY-TO-HAVE/HAS
2. CANDY-HAVE/HAS-LESS-THE CHILDREN-EAT-TO

12. OK, let’s review!

To Have – Present Tense
I
have
You
have
He
has
She
has
It
has
We
have
They
have
Directions: Form sentences using the correct form of the verb
“to have” in the present tense.
1. EDDY-MORE-STUDY-TO-HAVE/HAS
Eddy has to study more.
2. CANDY-HAVE/HAS-LESS-THE CHILDREN-EAT-TO
The children have to eat less candy.
3. ON TIME-SONIA-HAVE/HAS-TO-ARRIVE
Sonia has to arrive on time.
4. WE-RESPECT-TO-HAVE/HAS-OUR PARENTS
We have to respect our parents.
5. A COAT-YOU-WEAR-TO-HAVE/HAS-OUTSIDE
You have to wear a coat outside.

13. Negating Modal Verbs

Should and must – 2 options:
Put the word “not” between the verbs:
You should not drink too much soda.
You must not drink too much soda.
Form a contraction with the modal verbs:
You shouldn’t drink too much soda.
You mustn’t drink too much soda.
Have to – 2 options:
For I, you, we, and they, put “do not” (OR don’t) before the modal verb:
We do not have to walk so fast.
We don’t have to walk so fast.
For he, she, and it, put “does not” (OR doesn’t) before the modal verb:
He does not have to walk so fast.
He doesn’t have to walk so fast.

14. Practice with Negating Modals

Directions: Make negative (-) suggestions to someone who’s
preparing for a job interview. Write both the uncontracted and
contracted forms.
Ex) You should not (shouldn’t) be nervous.
1. Have to:
2. Should:
3. Must:

15. Practice with Negating Modals

Directions: Make negative (-) suggestions to someone who’s
preparing for a job interview. Write both the uncontracted and
contracted forms.
Ex) You should not (shouldn’t) be nervous.
1.
Have to: You do not (don’t) have to discuss very personal
information.
2.
Should: You should not (shouldn’t) interrupt your interviewer.
3.
Must: You must not (mustn’t) arrive late.

16. More practice!

Give light suggestions using should/
should not.
Give urgent suggestions using
must/must not.
1. Renee and Mike fought last night.
1. Erica wants to travel to Canada.
2. Mr. Jones has gained ten pounds.
2. John has a serious infection.
3. I would like to see some Spanish art.
3. You want to become the President.

17. More practice!

Give light suggestions using should/
should not.
Give urgent suggestions using
must/must not.
1. Renee and Mike fought last night.
1.
Erica wants to travel to Canada.
They should say sorry.
She must have a valid passport.
They shouldn’t fight again today.
She mustn’t forget her passport at home.
2. Mr. Jones has gained ten pounds.
2. John has a serious infection.
He should go on a diet.
He must take antibiotics.
He shouldn’t eat fried food.
He mustn’t ignore his symptoms.
3. I would like to see some Spanish art.
3. You want to become the President.
I should visit a museum in Spain.
You must learn more about politics.
I shouldn’t visit a museum in China.
You mustn’t commit any crimes.

18.

Now, you will play a game called “What’s my problem?” Your teacher will give you instructions.

19. In summary…

Should
For making light suggestions
Have to
Conjugation
does not change
For making
somewhat
urgent
suggestions
Requires “to”
between
verbs
Conjugation
varies (have
vs. has)
Modal
verbs of
obligation
Express degrees
of urgent
suggestions
For making
very urgent
suggestions
Must

20. Do you have any questions?