Environmental protection measures in conditions industrial production

1.

Presentation on the topic :
Environmental protection measures in conditions
industrial production

2. Environmental and technological impact on the biosphere

The main function of
the biosphere
-ensuring the circulation of
chemical elements, which is
expressed in the circulation
of substances between the
atmosphere, soil,
hydrosphere and living
organisms.

3.

By means of tools of labor, mankind
began to create a virtually artificial
environment for its habitat
(settlements, dwellings, clothes, food,
cars and much more).
Since then, the evolution of the
biosphere has entered a new phase,
where the human factor has become a
powerful natural driving force.

4. Consequences of technogenic impact on the biosphere.

Man has always used the environment
mainly as a source of resources, however, for
a very long time, his activities did not have a
noticeable effect on the biosphere. Only at
the end of the last century, changes in the
biosphere under the influence of economic
activity attracted the attention of scientists.
These changes were growing and are
currently hitting human civilization.
Striving to improve the conditions of its life,
mankind is constantly increasing the pace of
material production, without thinking about
the consequences. With this approach, most
of the resources taken from nature are
returned to it in the form of waste, often
poisonous or not suitable for utilization.
This brings a threat to both the existence of
the biosphere and the person himself.

5. Anthropogenic impact on the biosphere

Environmental pollution with hazardous waste;
Noise impact;
Biological pollution;
Exposure to electromagnetic fields and
radiation;
The impact of weapons of mass destruction;
The impact of man-made environmental
disasters.

6.

The largest amount of industrial waste is
generated by the coal industry,
enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous
metallurgy, thermal power plants, and
the construction materials industry.
Environmental crises that periodically
arise in various parts of the planet are in
many cases caused by the negative
impact of so-called hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste is understood as waste
containing substances that have one of
the hazardous properties (toxicity,
explosiveness, infectivity, fire hazard,
etc.) and are present in quantities that
are dangerous to human health and the
environment.

7.

Hazardous waste has become a
problem of the century and huge
efforts are being made around the
world to combat it. In Russia,
about 10% of the total mass of
solid waste is classified as
hazardous waste.
Among them are metal and
galvanic sludge, fiberglass waste,
asbestos waste and dust, residues
from the processing of acidic
resins, tar and tar, waste radio
engineering products, etc.

8. Radioactive waste

solid, liquid or gaseous products of nuclear
power, military production, other industries
and health systems, containing radioactive
isotopes in concentrations exceeding the
approved standards.
Radioactive elements, for example,
strontium-90, moving along food (trophic)
chains, cause persistent disturbances in vital
functions, up to the death of cells and the
whole organism. Some of the radionuclides
can remain deadly toxic for 10-100 million
years.

9. Noise impact

One of the forms of harmful
physical impact on the natural
environment.
Noise pollution occurs as a result
of unacceptable excess of the
natural level of sound
vibrations.
From an environmental point of
view, in modern conditions,
noise becomes not only
unpleasant for the hearing, but
also leads to serious
physiological consequences for
humans.

10.

Natural sounds are usually not
reflected in the ecological wellbeing of a person.
Sound discomfort is created by
anthropogenic sources of noise,
which:
increase human fatigue,
reduce his mental capabilities,
significantly reduce labor
productivity,
cause nervous overload, noise
stress, etc.

11. Main sources of anthropogenic noise

Transport
(car,
rail
and air)
Road transport
(80% of the total noise).
Industrial
enterprises
E.g. on highways
Moscow, St. Petersburg
and other large cities
Russian transport noise level
in the daytime reaches
90-100 dB
and even at night in some
areas does not fall below 70 dB
(at the rate no more than 40)
11

12. Impact

Anthropogenic noise impact
adversely affects the human
body and shortens its life span,
because it is physically
impossible to get used to the
noise.
A person may subjectively not
notice sounds, but from this his
destructive effect on the organs
of hearing is not only not
reduced, but also aggravated.

13. Biological pollution

introduction into ecosystems as a
result of anthropogenic impact of
uncharacteristic species of living
organisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
that worsen the conditions for the
existence of natural biotic
communities or negatively affect
human health.

14. Exposure to electromagnetic fields and radiation

At the current stage of development of
scientific and technological progress, a
person makes significant changes in
the natural magnetic field, giving
geophysical factors new directions and
sharply increasing the intensity of his
impact.
The main sources of this impact are
electromagnetic fields from power lines
(power lines) and electromagnetic
fields from radio television and radar
stations.