Introduction to philosophy. Lecture 1

1.

Lecture – 1
• INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY
• Culture of thinking.
• Philosophy
• PhD
Yerkin Massanov

2. The brief content:

• 1. The term of “philosophy” ;
• 2. Three historical types of outlook;
3. The role of Ph-y in human live.

3.

FUNCTIONS OF PH-Y IN EACH PERIODS:
The ancient oriental Philosophy – mythology;
The Ph-y of ancient Greece, Rome – rational;
Medieval Ph-y – Religious;
The ph-y of Renaissance –Enlightenments;
The New Age Ph-y – Epistemology;
German classical ph-hy – Systematic;
Philosophy of the 19th century – Irrationalism;
Philosophy of the 20th century – Existentialism
Present-day Philosophy– Analytical.

4.

Historical types of outlook:
mythology, religion, philosophy
World outlook is a system of
views on the reality and human’s
place in it in a certain historiccultural epoch.

5. SUBJECT OF PH-Y

• Ontology – study of being
• Gnoseology – theory of cognition
• Epistemology - study of knowledge
• Philosophical anthropology – study of man
• Social philosophy – philosophy of society
• Aesthetics – study of the beauty
• Logic – study of thinking
• Futurology – study of the future
• Axiology – study of values
• Ethics – study of morality

6. Practical part of Philosophy?

The skills are:
Critical thinking,
Argument skills,
Communication,
Reasoning,
Analysis,
Problem solving…

7.

The term “philosophy” comes
from the Greek language. It
consists of two words :
philos, (love, or philia –
friendship, affection) and
sophos (learned scholar, sage, or
sophia - wisdom, knowledge,
talent).

8.

A brief etymological
interpretation sounds
like
- “love wisdom”
- interesting in
science

9. The main terms:

• Philosophy: love or pursuit of wisdom; a
system wide knowledge, object;
• Philosopher: thinker who believed in the
power of the human mind, subject;
• Metaphysics: means “what comes after
physics” studying spiritual fundamental cause
of life;
• Physics – which is defined by Aristotle as a
“sensible substance” or real materialistic
world

10. Keys for understanding of Philosophy

Synonyms for Philosophy –
science.
Ph-y - through combination
all subjects describing world
(Picture of world).

11.

The first who used
this word, was
Pythagoras.
He did not dare to call
himself as wise man, in
his view: it is only God is
wise, there’s only God’s
wisdom.

12.

• Socrates - absolute truth exists within
everyone Socratic method;
• Plato - government should be divided
into three groups, ruled by philosopherkings; men and women should have
equal education and employment;
• Aristotle - “golden mean”; use senses to
make observations like a scientist;
analyzed governments and decided that
the best was a mixture of government by
a few and democracy

13. 3. “World as a text” - Jacques Derrida

• Text – invented before
writing, its history is deeply
and meaning is very widely.
• Symbols could give more
objectively knowledge the
one book text.
• That is mean we can
through semiology to make
innovation of traditional or
classical knowledge.

14. Charles Peirce – Lingo semiology

• 1. Symbols of icons – texts which
describes objects directly;
• 2. Symbols of index – inderect sign
of other objects (symbols of street);
• 3. Symbols of semiology – signs which
gives deeply information about
tradition or religion of people. For
example: Flag of Kazakhstan

15. Astana city – as hypertext (combination of symbols with widely meaning)

16. “Bayterek” – as a text

- According mythology
“Samryk” putted eggs for
its safety in highest place.
- This historical symbols
have widely meaning.
- Tree symbolize – past,
now and future.
- White color – means,
pure, right way, honor
relations etc.

17. Astana Pyramids - Palace of Peace and Reconciliation

- The Pyramid was specially
constructed to host the
Congress of Leaders of
World and Traditional
Religions. It contains
accommodations for
different religions:
Judaism, Islam,
Christianity, Buddhism,
Hinduism, Daoism and
other faiths.

18. In Conclusion

• Philosophy:
• - cross disciplinary subject;
• - fundamental methodology of all science;
• - modern day Ph-y actual in area
existentialism, lingo-semiology and
analytical etc.

19. №1 Seminar:

• №1 Seminar:
• 1. Find 3 definition of Philosophy and
according this describe 4th own?
• 2. What are main differences
philosophy as a subject?
• 3. How could You use Ph-y in your
future profession?

20. One of the main role of Modern Ph-y Orientation function:

1. Existentialism – Logotherapy:
helping to solve ontological question
(responsibility, freedom, spirit);
2. Socialization – Kaizen: one of the best
management planning for self
realization in capitalist society.

21.

Self-studies Week-1.
Essay for discussion
(2-3 pages):
3. Philosophy are art or science?
Both of them or neither?
Internet recourse: https://beyondtheflock.wordpress.com/2009/05/09/philosophy-asscience-art
https://www.quora.com/Is-philosophy-an-art-or-a-science-And-why-do-universities-award-anMA-in-Philosophy-and-not-an-MSc
3. http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/career-education/difference-betweenscience-and-philosophy/
https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/58ummi/is_philosophy_art_or_science_or
_neither/
https://beyondtheflock.wordpress.com/2009/05/09/philosophy-as-science-art/

22.

IWST Week-2.
Essay for discussion
(2-3 pages):
Viktor Frankl:
“Man's Search for
Meaning”.

23.

IWST Week-3.
Report
(4-5 pages):
Masaaki Imai:
“Kaizen”.
Make a plane through
Kaizen