Medical achievements in the 21st century

1.

achievements in
The presentation was made by the
LD21-1 group

2.

Medicine is a field of scientific and practical activity for
the study of normal and pathological processes in the
human body, various diseases and pathological conditions,
for the preservation and promotion of human health.
With the help of various new devices and devices, various
methods of chemical and physical analysis, a doctor can
penetrate not only into the secrets of the activity of a
particular organ and system in a healthy and diseased
organism, but also unravel how a cell lives and acts, what
processes take place in it at the molecular level.
Thanks to new medicines, it can overtake a microbe in any
part of the body, destroy the smallest form of life a virus.
The doctor can regulate the metabolism in the body,
increase the patient's resistance to diseases and even
significantly affect brain function.

3.

No. 1
antibiotic "Teixobactin"

4.

No. 2 Artificial organs
Scientists managed to "grow", "print" or
simply replace it with an artificial device:
The heart is one of the promising developments AbioCor and
BiVACOR devices from American companies. Several transplants
were made, but the technology has not yet entered mass
production.
The pancreas. We talked about this in more detail here.
Vocal cords a tissue similar to the mucous membrane of the vocal cords
has been created, which vibrates, creating sound waves. The fabric is
successfully taking root, but so far it does not sound very natural.
The liver is a new organ considered bio artificial, because it consists of
animal liver cells and artificial components. In 2001, the bio-artificial
liver was named "Invention of the Year" by TIME magazine.

5.

One of the most interesting and promising
areas in medicine is tissue regeneration. In
2015, a new item was added to the list of
organs recreated by artificial method. Doctors
from the University of Wisconsin have
learned to grow human vocal cords from
virtually nothing.
A group of scientists led by Dr. Nathan Velhan
bioengineered a tissue capable of simulating
the work of the mucous membrane of the
vocal cords, namely the tissue that appears to
be two lobes of ligaments that vibrate to
create human speech. Donor cells, from which
new ligaments were subsequently grown,
were taken from five volunteer patients. In
laboratory conditions, in two weeks, scientists
grew the necessary tissue, after which they
added it to an artificial model of the larynx.

6.

Cancer drug may help patients with Parkinson's disease as well
Tisinga (or nilotinib) is a proven and approved medication that is
commonly used to treat people with signs of leukemia. However, a new
study conducted by Georgetown University Medical Center shows that
Tasing's drug can be a very powerful tool for controlling motor
symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease, improving their motor
functions and controlling non-motor symptoms of this disease.
Fernando Pagan, one of the doctors who conducted this study, believes
that nilotinib therapy may be the first of its kind effective method of
reducing the degradation of cognitive and motor functions in patients
with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

7.

The world's first 3D-printed chest
Over the past few years, 3D printing
technology has penetrated into many
areas, which has led to amazing
discoveries, developments and new
production methods. In 2015, doctors from
the University Hospital of Salamanca in
Spain performed the world's first
operation to replace a patient's damaged
chest with a new prosthesis printed on a
3D printer.
The man suffered from a rare type of
sarcoma, and doctors had no other choice. To
avoid further spread of the tumor throughout
the body, specialists removed almost the
entire sternum from a person and replaced
the bones with a titanium implant

8.

Robotic surgery
There are many breakthroughs worth noting here:
Micro-tools for biopsy, small operations, minimally invasive work in deep
tissues.
Robot surgeons the smallest for performing micro-operations on eyes, vessels
and nerve endings weighs only 2.5 g. Larger machines perform operations in
cardiology, gynecology and other industries. The doctor gets a clear picture on
the monitor and controls the manipulator during the operation. He can be at the
time of the operation, both in the operating room and remotely: in another city
and even a country.
The first remote surgery was performed on a human in 2001. The patient was in
France, and the doctor was in the USA. Remote surgery is convenient, but for
now its widespread use is a matter of the future.

9.

DNA Printing
3D printing technologies have led to the
emergence of a unique new industry - printing
and selling DNA. However, the term "printing" is
rather used here for commercial purposes.
The executive director of Cambrian Genomics
explains that this process is best described by
the phrase "error checking" rather than
"printing". Millions of pieces of DNA are placed
on tiny metal substrates and scanned by a
computer, which selects those chains that will
eventually have to make up the entire sequence
of the DNA chain. After that, the necessary
connections are carefully cut out with a laser
and placed in a new chain pre-ordered by the
client.

10.

From skin cells to brain cells
It should be noted that scientists have found
a way to transform skin cells into old brain
cells, which simplifies their further use, for
example, in studies of Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's diseases and their relationship
with the effects caused by aging.
Historically, animal brain cells were used for
such studies, but scientists in this case were
limited in their capabilities.
Relatively recently, scientists have been able
to turn stem cells into brain cells that can be
used for research

11.

the eye painter
This device is designed to help bedridden people
communicate. Eye Painter is a common creation of
researchers from the Ebeling Group, Not Impossible
Foundation and Graffiti Research Lab. The technology is
based on cheap eye-tracking glasses equipped with open
source software. Such glasses allow people suffering from
neuromuscular syndrome to communicate by drawing or
writing on the screen, recording eye movement and
converting it into lines on the display.
eLEGS Exoskeleton
The eLEGS exoskeleton is one of the most impressive
inventions of the 21st century. It is easy to use, and
patients can wear it not only in the hospital, but also
at home. The device allows you to stand, walk and
even climb stairs. The exoskeleton is suitable for
people from 157 cm to 193 cm tall and weighing up to
100 kg.