The ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

1.

CHAP 12 – ENERGY AND RESPIRATION
The ATP
(Adenosine
Triphosphate)
Chap.12 – A level Bio

2.

Why do organisms need energy?
• 1. For active transport of substances across plasma
membranes.
• 2. for movement – inside the cell, whole cell, tissues,
organs, whole body
• 3. synthesizing large molecules from small ones (Ex. DNA
replication, protein synthesis)

3.

Chemical Equations of
energy production by cells
• Aerobic Respiration
(ATP)
(ATP)
• Anaerobic Respiration
(Lactic Acid Fermentation)
(Alcoholic Fermentation)

4.

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
• “universal energy currency” of cells.
adenine
three phosphate ions
ribose
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

5.

Where does the energy in
ATP come from?
oxygen
GLUCOSE

6.

How energy can be extracted from ATP?
• By breaking the bonds between phosphate ions
through ATP hydrolysis!
30.5 kJ mol -1 of
energy released!

7.

How much energy can be extracted from ATP?

8.

Why is ATP the perfect
energy currency for cells ?
• 1. ATP hydrolysis is very quick and easy in whichever part
of the cell.
• 2. ATP hydrolysis releases a useful amount of energy (just
enough, not too much to be wasted)
• 3. ATP is a stable molecule (can withstand varying pH
levels)

9.

The constant need for ATP…
How many grams of ATP do you have in your body right
now?
• Between 50 g and 200 g
How much ATP will you normally use in a day?
• over 50 kg!
That’s why your cells need to
make ATP constantly!

10.

The constant need for
ATP…
2 ways to make
ATP:
• 1. substratelinked reaction
• 2. chemiosmosis
*more on these two later…

11.

NEXT LESSON…
Steps in Aerobic Respiration:
• 1. Glycolysis
• 2. Link Reaction
• 3. Krebs Cycle
• 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation