Allophonic variations

1.

Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University
Faculty of Humanities
Department of Translations
Kyrgyz–English language program
Allophonic variations
TKI-103
Supervised By: Aida Kasieva
Done by: Mamatova Begaiym
Date: 28.11.23

2.

Outline
Review of Terminology
Free-variation Allophones
Complementary Allophones
Aspiration
Diacritics
References

3.

Review of Terminology
Phoneme- smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word (or word
element) from another
Minimal Pair- consists of two words with sounds that are very similar
but have different meanings
Allophones- is a set of multiple possible spoken sounds – or phones –
or signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language

4.

Free-variation Allophones
Some allophones appear in free variation, which means
that it’s pretty much random which variant appears in any
environment.
For example,
Lucky/Lunch

5.

Complimentary Allophones
Plow, clap, clear, play
Whenever /l/ follows a [p] or [k], it is devoiced.
Blue, gleam, leaf, fall, silly
When /l/ appears in any other environment, like following a voiced stop,
or at the beginning of a word, at the end of a word, or in the middle of a
word, it’s the ordinary [l]. Whenever /l/ is in a consonant cluster following
a voiceless aspirated stop, it also becomes voiceless, but when /l/ is in
other environments, it stays voiced. That pattern is called complementary
distribution.

6.

Aspiration
Spin : Pin
The letter “P” makes different sound in both words. In the later
one, an aspirated sound of the letter “P” is created. The airflow is
blocked at the lips for a short time and then released with a strong
explosion of breath that is called aspirated sounds.
Therefore a faint sound like [ph] is produced at the beginning
stage while pronouncing the word “pin”. However, the word “spin”
has another variant of the phoneme [p].

7.

Aspiration is present in English not only for [p], but also for other
voiceless posies [t] and [k]. There is a “rule” for when aspiration occurs,
which is related to the position of [p, t, k] in the syllable. The rule is that [p,
t, k] are always unaspirated when they follow an [s] in the onset of a
stressed syllable, that is, when they are in an [s]-cluster.

8.

Diacritics
Diacritics (or diacritic marks) are indicators of the minor changes in
the pronunciation of some sounds in certain word positions or in
connected speech. Diacritics are extra marks used
together with phonetic symbols in order to represent the actual
pronunciation of phonemes (i.e., allophones) or represent particular
pronunciations (or accents) in a given language.

9.

10.

References
https://online.fliphtml5.com/pemlx/bnes/#p=7
https://pressbooks.pub/essentialsoflinguistics/chapter/4-3-allophonesand-predictable-variation/
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-diacritic-mark1690444#:~:text=In%20phonetics%2C%20a%20diacritical%20mark,diacritic%
20or%20an%20accent%20mark.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant#:~:text=In%20pho
netics%2C%20aspiration%20is%20the,the%20closure%20of%20some%20obstr
uents.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711230/full#:~:
text=However%2C%20there%20are%20also%20cases,which%20a%20given%20
segment%20appears.

11.

https://youtu.be/xaiRQRirnTw
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00954470193134
03
http://www.ub.edu/diccionarilinguistica/print/3632#:~:text=Allophon
es%20are%20classified%20into%20two,allophone%20that%20they%20will
%20use.