ICC Lecture 1

1.

2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Formation of the Theory of
Intercultural Communication (ICC).
Object and Subject of the Theory of
ICC.
Basic Concepts of the Theory of ICC.
Categories of Culture according to E.
Hall and G. Hofstede.

3.

Intercultural Communication - (cross-cultural,
intercultural, transcultural, countercultural) is
the communication of linguistic personalities
belonging to different linguistic and cultural
communities.
ICC is the communication of linguistic
personalities belonging to different cultures.

4.

"The History of the Emergence of ICC Theory in
the USA."
1946: In the USA, the Foreign Service Institute
was established, led by anthropologist Edward
Hall.
1958: The book "Culture as Communication" by E.
Hall and D. Trager was published, in which the
term "Intercultural Communication" (ICC) was
used for the first time.
1959: Edward Hall's book "Silent Language" was
published, in which the connection between
culture and communication is substantiated.

5.

E. Hall: The main goal of the theory of
Intercultural Communication (ICC) is to study the
practical needs of representatives of different
cultures for their successful communication with
each other.
In the 1960s, the theory of ICC began to be
taught in U.S. universities.
Two directions of teaching ICC:
• International: In educational institutions where
personnel were trained for work abroad.
• Interethnic: In schools where children of mixed
ethnic backgrounds were educated.

6.

"THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF ICC
THEORY IN EUROPE."
• 1966, Berlin: Scientific symposium on "International
and Intercultural Communication between
Developed and Developing Countries."
1970s: Foreign language teachers began to focus on
the cultural aspects of interaction between different
cultures.
1989, Munich University: A new specialization in
"Intercultural Communication" was introduced.

7.

"THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF ICC
THEORY IN RUSSIA AND KYRGYZSTAN."
1)The initiators of the study were teachers of foreign languages.
Why?
2)The interest of linguists in the problems of ICC. Why?
3)Linguistic disciplines that consider the problems of interaction
between language and culture:
a)Linguistic area studies; b) Ethnolinguistics; c) Linguacultural
studies; d) Sociolinguistics; e) Psycholinguistics; f) Translation
theory; g) Cognitive Linguistics.

8.

• Linguistic and Cultural Studies is a discipline that has been actively
developing since the 1960s and dominated the practice of teaching Russian
as a foreign language.
• E.M.Vereshchagin and V.G. Kostomarov "Language and Culture", "Linguistic
and cultural theory of the word".
• One of the most important tasks of teaching Russian is the task of
acculturation of a foreigner. Why?

9.

THE OBJECT AND SUBJECT OF THE
THEORY OF THE ICC
• The object of the ICC theory is the process of
natural communication between representatives of
different linguistic cultures.
• The subject of the ICC theory is the types of
interaction between representatives of different
cultures and the factors that influence the result of
communication.

10.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION THEORY
An interdisciplinary field of
It is oriented towards
scientific knowledge.
practical needs and
ICC interacts with Anthropology,
Cultural Studies, Sociology,
Linguistics.
therefore is an applied
field of scientific
knowledge.

11.

• The basic unit of the ICC theory is an act of
discourse. It is a set of communicatively significant
speech and non-speech actions of communication
participants
aimed
at
achieving
a
common
communicative goal. For example, discourse acts
"request", "invitation", "greeting".

12.

The main concepts of the ICC theory:
1. Culture.
2. Communication.
3. Cultural identity.
4. Linguistic personality.
5. Linguistic picture of the world.
6. Communicative competence.

13.

CULTURE
-is a set of results of human society activity in all spheres of its life.
- A fundamental concept of the humanities. More than 500 definitions.
A cultural picture of the world is a set of knowledge and ideas
about the values, norms, morals, mentality of one's own culture and
the cultures of other peoples.

14.

COMMUNICATION
– exchange of thoughts, messages, information using
various kinds of verbal and non-verbal signals.
- communication pattern:
sender ---message context---- addressee
code

15.

• A communicative situation is a complex set of
external conditions of communication and internal
states of the communicants, presented in a speech
production addressed to the addressee.
• Components of a communicative situation: addresser,
addressee, topic, reason, goal, code, style, expression,
place, time, environment, nation.

16.

CULTURAL IDENTITY
– an individual’s belonging to a culture or cultural group, which
forms a person’s value attitude towards themselves, other
people, society and the world as a whole. Cultural identity is
based on the division of representatives of all cultures into
“ours” and “others”.

17.

LANGUAGE PERSONALITY
– a set of human abilities and characteristics that determine
the creation of speech works (Y. N. Karaulov, 1989).
In the theory of ICC, a linguistic personality is a nationally
specific type of communicant, possessing a culturally
conditioned picture of the world and a system of values,
capable of intercultural transformation.

18.

LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD
• is part of the conceptual picture of the world, a set of
information about the world, stored and transmitted from
generation to generation with the help of language.

19.

COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
• - mastering of the communicative mechanisms, techniques and
strategies necessary to ensure an effective communication
process. In addition to knowing how to use language in the
communication process, the concept of C.C. implies mastery of
social and cultural knowledge, skills and abilities of interpersonal
interaction.

20.

HOFSTEDE'S THEORY OF CULTURAL
DIMENSIONS
The theory is based on the results of a written survey conducted
in 40 countries.
Dimensions of cultures:
Power distance.
Collectivism - individualism.
Masculinity - femininity.
Attitude to uncertainty.
Short –term vs. Long-term Orientation
Restraint vs. Indulgence

21.

TYPES OF CULTURES
(ACCORDING TO H. HOFSTEDE)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Power distance index (e.g. Turkish and German)
Collectivism vs. individualism (e.g. Italian and American).
Masculinity vs femininity (e.g. German and Danish).
Uncertainty avoidance (Japanese and American).
Short –term vs. Long-term Orientation
Restraint vs. Indulgence