Seminar 2 (5)

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Seminar 2
Introduction to Academic Integrity
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Agenda
1. Importance of Academic Integrity
2. Avoiding plagiarism by Quoting, Paraphrasing & Documenting
3. Introduction to Westminster-Harvard Referencing style
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Lead in…
Discussion
What do you think Academic Integrity is?
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Academic Integrity
• Watch the video.
• After watching it, give your definition based on what
you understood about academic integrity.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wvXEAO4Q44&li
st=RDLV2wvXEAO4Q44
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Academic Integrity
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What idea do you think the image is trying to convey?
Taken from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/not-your-grandmas-curriculum--132504414009044027/
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Consequences of Plagiarism
• Grade penalties.
• Failing the course.
• Facing disciplinary action.
• Suspension or expulsion from the
university.
Adapted from: Tegan, G. (2021). Consequences of mild, moderate and severe plagiarism. Scribbr. Available from https://www.scribbr.com/plagiarism/consequences-of plagiarism/ [Accessed 2 September 2022].
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Plagiarism or Not
1. Copying ideas, phrases, paragraphs, formulas, methods, evidence,
programming code, diagrams, images, artworks or musical scores
without correctly referencing where they came from.
2. Copying from another student’s work and presenting it as yours.
3. Mentioning the source in your bibliography and referencing content
properly in your work.
4. Retaining the order of words taken from other material with correct
referencing and punctuation.
5. Paraphrasing an original idea taken from a source without
acknowledging it.
Adapted from: The University of Sydney (2022). Academic dishonesty and plagiarism. Current Students. Available from https://sydney.edu.au/students/academic-dishonesty.html. [Accessed 3 September 2022].
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Ways to Avoid Plagiarism
Three standard ways to include information from
sources in your writing to avoid plagiarism:
1. Quoting (direct quotations).
2. Paraphrasing.
3. Documenting.
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1. Direct Quotations
If you are using direct quotations, you must use the exact
words from the source, putting them in quotation marks
and presenting them in context including the name of the
author and/or the name of the source, the year of
publication and page.
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Direct Quotations Examples
Original: Genuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as a myth, not just by
laboratory studies but by the familiar sight of an S.U.V. undulating between lanes as
the driver cuts deals on his cellphone. – Source: Pinker, Steven, “Mind Over Mass
Media,” June 10, 2010, page 2
1. Pinker (2010) states “Genuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as a myth, not
just by laboratory studies but by the familiar sight of an S.U.V. undulating between
lanes as the driver cuts deals on his cellphone” (p2).
2. Pinker (2010, p2) states “Genuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as a myth,
not just by laboratory studies but by the familiar sight of an S.U.V. undulating between
lanes as the driver cuts deals on his cellphone”.
3. “Genuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as a myth, not just by laboratory
studies but by the familiar sight of an S.U.V. undulating between lanes as the driver
cuts deals on his cellphone” (Pinker, 2010, p2).
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When to Quote
• Wording that is so memorable or powerful, or expresses a
point so perfectly, that it can not be changed without
weakening its meaning.
• The author’s opinions that should be emphasized.
• The author’s words that show writers are considering
various perspectives.
• Respected authorities whose opinions support a writer’s
ideas.
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2. Paraphrasing
A paraphrase is a restatement of another person’s ideas using our own
words.
Three criteria for a good paraphrase:
1. It has the same meaning as the original (all main ideas included;
no new ideas added).
2. It is different enough from the original to be considered your own
writing (change grammar and vocabulary as much as possible).
3. It refers directly to (or cites) the source (include the name of the
author and/or the name of the source and the year of publication).
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(Dollahite and Haun, 2012)
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Paraphrase Examples
Original: Genuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as a myth, not just by
laboratory studies but by the familiar sight of an S.U.V. undulating between lanes
as the driver cuts deals on his cellphone. – Pinker, Steven, “Mind Over Mass
Media,” June 10, 2010
Paraphrase 1: Pinker (2010) writes that people can’t really do more than one
thing at a time, we can see this from scientific research projects and also from
just watching a car moving unpredictably down the highway while the driver is
talking on a cell phone.
Paraphrase 2: Pinker (2010) says that both lab research and actual experience
show that people are incapable of doing several things at once. As an example,
of this act, he mentions the frequent sight of a person driving dangerously while
using a cell phone.
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Reporting Verbs for Quoting and Paraphrasing
Reporting verbs are commonly used when quoting and
paraphrasing in writing to attribute information to its source. For
example:
Quoting: Brown (2024, p25) stated “Climate change is a pressing global issue”.
Paraphrasing: Brown (2024) explained that the impact of climate change is farreaching.
Verbs for making a claim:
Verbs for questioning or disagreeing:
• Argue
• Contend
• Assert
• Contradict
• Claim
• Deny
• Insist
• Repudiate
Verbs for expressing agreement:
Verbs for making recommendations:
• Acknowledge
• Advocate
• Agree
• Call for
• Support
• Plead
• Verify
• Urge
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3. Documenting sources used in writing
Information used from the sources must be documented with
a particular style.
• At WIUT we use Westminster-Harvard Referencing style.
• Westminster-Harvard Referencing documentation occurs in
two places in your academic writing:
A. within the text of your paper (in-text citations);
B. at the end of your paper in a reference list.
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A. In-text Citations
• In-text citations are used to acknowledge the work or
ideas of others.
• They are placed next to the text that you have
paraphrased or quoted, enabling the reader to
differentiate between your writing and other people’s
work.
• Read an example of the in-text citations on the next slide.
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In-text citation
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Paraphrasing versus Quoting
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Practice Time
Write a citation for this direct quotation.
Source Author: Daniel Birge
Source Date: 2001
Quotation: Critical thinking must be a central part of
university studies. Page 12
Citation
_____________________________________________
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Practice Time
Paraphrase and write a citation.
Source Author: Carrie Shook
Source Date: 2020
Original: Leadership by birth order apparently holds for
both genders. Studies have found that female executives
are much more likely to be firstborns than later-borns.
Citation________________________________________
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B. A Reference List
• Reference list is the list of all the materials/sources that have been used (a
book, a journal, an encyclopedia, a website, and other sources) at the end of the
written work (an essay, a report, etc.).
• We use the Westminster-Harvard Referencing Guide for in-text citations and the
reference list. For example:
In-text citation: Harper (2023) writes that later-born children are more
likely to pursue nontraditional careers.
Reference list entry: Harper, B. (2023). Voice-overs in Standardized
English and Spanish Television Commercial. Journal of the Spanish
Association of Anglo-American Studies, 31 (1), 100–117.
• Have a look at a sample Reference List on the next slide.
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Reference List
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Practice Time
1. Write a reference list entry for a book.
Edition: 2nd
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication date: March 13, 2012
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Practice Time
2. Improve a reference list entry for an online journal.
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Practice Time
3. Write a reference list entry for a YouTube video.
Author’s surname or Organization:
AWUC
Date: 18 August 2015
Title: An Introduction to Academic
Writing
Name of website: YouTube
Available from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My
TLosz6aHA&ab_channel=AWUC
Accessed: 12 September, 2024
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Practice Time
• Use reference list entries (1-3)
and order them in a reference
list.
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Final Remarks
• Refer to the Westminster-Harvard Referencing guide
whenever you are referencing.
• If you use articles, images, photos, videos, Internet
sources, and other sources of information you must
acknowledge them all.
• Each has its own rules of referencing.
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Homework
1. Study the Westminster-Harvard Referencing
Guide uploaded on the LMS.
2. Use it for practicing one in-text citation, one
direct quote, and 1-3 reference entries (a book, a
website, a video, etc.)
3. Bring your work to the next seminar.
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