Session 7

1.

Academic
English:
Session 5

2.

Seminar 5

3.

Journal
Author(s)
Title
Abstract
Keywords (optional)
???
Today’s
topic

4.

Introduction
General background
Specific background
Knowledge gap (+ why we should care)
Aims, objectives, etc. (+ a preview of outcomes)

5.

General
background
Specific
background
Knowledge gap
Aims, objectives,
etc.

6.

7.

Seminar 5:
Literature review

8.

Journal
Author(s)
Title
Abstract
Keywords (optional)
Introduction
???
Today’s
topic

9.

Research articles
Review articles
Course assignments
Theses/dissertations
Part of a broader work
Comprehensive
Selective
Stand-alone work

10.

Part of a broader work
Research articles
Theses/dissertations
Comprehensive
Selective
Course assignments
Review articles
Stand-alone work

11.

Literature
review
A comprehensive summary of
previous research (scholarly
articles, books, etc.) on a topic
Included in the introduction
and discussion sections OR is
an entire separate section
10-20% of the entire length
How can we use it?

12.

Introduction
of a literature
review
Why you are
writing a review,
and why the
topic is
important
The scope of the
review — what
aspects of the
topic will be
discussed
The criteria used
for your
literature
selection (e.g.
type of sources
used, date range)
The
organisational
pattern of the
review

13.

Body
paragraphs
of a literature
review
Historical
background
Methodologies
Previous studies
on the topic
Mainstream
versus alternative
viewpoints
Principal
questions being
asked
General
conclusions that
are being drawn

14.

The main
agreements and
disagreements in
the literature
Conclusion
of a literature
review
Any gaps or areas
for further
research
Your overall
perspective on the
topic

15.

16.

Seminar 5:
Citing and
referencing

17.

Referencing styles
Consecutive
numbering
Recurrent
numbering
In-text
name styles

18.

This style uses superscript numbers in the text that
connect with references in either footnotes or
chapter/assignment endnotes (usually the former).
Consecutive
numbering
A different and consecutive number is used for each
reference in the text.
A list of sources is included at the end of the
assignment, which lists all the works referred to in the
notes (‘References’, ‘Works cited’).

19.

This style uses bracketed (or superscript) numbers in
the text that connect with a list of references at the
end of the chapter/assignment.
Recurrent
numbering
The same number can recur, e.g. if a source is
mentioned more than once in the text.
A list of sources is included at the end of the
assignment, which lists all the works referred to in the
notes (‘References’, ‘Works cited’).

20.

In-text
name styles
Giving (citing) the name(s) of author(s)
or organization(s) in the text with the
year of publication (or page number
for MLA style).
All sources are listed alphabetically at
the end of an assignment and labelled
‘References’, ‘Reference list’, ‘Work
cited, ‘Works consulted’ or
‘Bibliography’, according to the style.

21.

MLA (Modern Language Association):
MLA
VS
APA
A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed
training programs designed to improve native speakers'
ability to understand accented speech (Derwing et al.
246; Thomas 15).
APA (American Psychological Association):
A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed
training programs designed to improve native speakers'
ability to understand accented speech (Derwing,
Rossiter, & Munro, 2002; Krech Thomas, 2004). One
study found that “the listener's familiarity with the topic
of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the
entire message” (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 85).

22.

Bibliography
Bibliography – an alphabetical list of
all the works referred to in your
notes, as well as other works you
consulted in preparation for the
assignment.
VS
References
References (‘Works cited’) – an
alphabetical list of all the evidence
just cited in the text.

23.

Homework