Эссе на основе графиков. Занятие 11. ЕГЭ-2024 + Методика

1.

ЕГЭ-2024 + Методика
Занятие 11:
эссе на основе графиков (зад. 38)

2.

3.

4.

• 90 мин – 20/15 мин = 70/75 мин
• 10 мин = изучение задания + написание краткого
плана
• 60 мин = черновик + подсчет слов + чистовик +
проверка (перечитывание и исправление ошибок)

5.

Продумываем содержание эссе: пишем краткий план
2 абзац: 1 факт – 33% + 8%; 2 факт – 25%, 20%, 14%
3 абзац: сравнение = 33% vs. 8% + commentary:
4 абзац: problem = health issues, such as back pain and eyestrain,
solution = to buy ergonomic equipment, use blue light filters and take
regular breaks at work
5 абзац, заключение: plays an indispensable role in today’s world -> it
permeates every aspect of modern life

6. 1 абзац, Пример:

7. Вступление

1) The aim of my project is to find out what gifts Zetland
teenagers would like to receive for their birthdays. As part of
my project, I have found a pie chart with some results of
relevant opinion polls, and in this essay, I will describe the
data and express my opinion on the subject of the project.

8. Вступление

1) Finding a birthday gift that a teenager will like is thought
by many (people) to be a difficult thing. The aim of my
project is to find out what gifts Zetland teenagers would like
to receive for their birthdays. As part of my project, I have
found a pie chart with some results of relevant opinion polls,
and in this essay I will describe the data and express my
opinion on the subject of the project.

9. 2 абзац, Пример:

10. - select and report 2-3 facts

2) According to the pie chart, a laptop (25%) is the most
frequently named present, followed closely by a smartphone,
headphones and a camera, at 24%, 23% and 20% respectively.
At the other end of the spectrum, there is a gift certificate,
making up only 8% of the total.

11.

12. - select and report 2-3 facts

2) According to the pie chart, a laptop (25%) is the most frequently
named present, followed closely by a smartphone, headphones and
a camera, at 24%, 23% and 20% respectively. At the other end of
the spectrum, there is a gift certificate, making up only 8% of the
total.
2) According to the pie chart, a laptop (25%) is the most popular gift
option, followed closely by a smartphone, headphones and a
camera, at 24%, 23% and 20% respectively. At the other end of the
spectrum, there is a gift certificate that constitutes only 8% of the
total and represents the least popular choice.

13. 2 абзац необходимая лексика

14.

Опрошенные:
• THE teenagers / the students / the users
• The respondents
• Those (who were) polled / surveyed / questioned
• Those who participated / took part in the survey
• The participants of the survey
• 30% of the sample

15. The participants of the survey _______

Past Simple
• said / responded / stated/ reported that …
• decided to … /chose… / voted for …
• named … as a / as the main reason why …
• cited … as their favourite kind of sports

16. The participants of the survey…

Present Simple
• say / respond / state/ report that …
• report doing sth: According to the data, 92% of the adolescents report going online
daily.
• name / give / mention … as a reason for / as the main reason why …
• cite … as their favourite kind of sports
• rate … as the best way to …
• like/enjoy/prefer doing

17. Number of THE respondents

• A large number of the students (63%) volunteer at …
• Just under a quarter (23%) use mobile phones to …
• A very high proportion of the users prefer …
• Only a small proportion of the viewers say that…
• Another 5% enjoy…
гл. во множ. числе!

18.

another 10% - НЕ ошибка
Источник: стр. 551, 130

19.

20. Number of THE respondents

• The number of those who prefer … is the highest /
lowest (…%).
• The percentage/proportion of those who voted for … is
the highest / the lowest (…%).
гл. в ед. числе!

21. Number:

• A large number of the students (63%) volunteer at … - гл.
во множ. числе
• The number of those who volunteer … is the highest (…%).
– гл. в ед. числе

22. Number of THE respondents

• The majority of the respondents ARE …
• Only a minority of the respondents SAY that…
гл. во множ. числе!

23. Проценты пишем цифрами!

• 23% (без пробелов)
• The figure for … is … %.

24. DATA:

STATISTICS (мн. ч.):
• The data is/are…
• The data was/were…
• The statistics are…
Information:
• The information is…

25. Facts: большинство

• Most of the respondents (…%) state that …
• The highest proportion of the respondents (…%) consider …
• The proportion of those who chose … is the highest (…%) …
• The majority of the respondents (52%) say that …
• Those who … comprise the largest share of the respondents (…%).

26. Facts: большинство

• … is top of the survey, at … .
• The top reason for … is, at ...%. / The two two reasons are … , at …%
• … is the most common/popular choice, constituting …% of the total.
• The most frequently / commonly cited / named / given
reason/function/genre is … (…%).
• … ranks ahead of all the … , at …%.
• … (…%) … is ranked first in the poll.
• … stands out from the list with … % of the total vote.
• At …% of the sample, _________ is the main reason for –ing / behind
the respondents choosing …

27. Facts: среднее количество

• … is/are also popular / common, at 28%.
• … is relatively popular / common too, at 21%
• The second /third position of the table/diagram is occupied by
… / those who … (%).

28. Facts: меньшинство

• The lowest proportion of the respondents (…%) …
• The proportion of those who … is the lowest (…%) …
• The least frequently/commonly cited reason/ function / genre /
option is … (…%).
• … ranks lowest/last in the table at / at only …% .
• … comes bottom at …%.
• … (…%) is the factor which influences the respondents the least
when they …
• … was stated by only …% of the sample as a reason for … .

29. Facts: остальные

1) (Первая и вторая категории) + The other two reasons include …
(…%) and … (…%).
2) (Первая и вторая категории) + The other three reasons include
… , … and … , at …%, …% and …% respectively. / The rest of the
respondents prefer … and …, …% and …% respectively.
3) (Большинство whereas меньшинство) + The in-between
categories/ reasons/ genres are … (…%), … (…%) and (…%).

30. Проценты:

... (00%).
, at 00%.
, with 00% of the respondents stating / reporting that /
choosing it …
with its 00%.
with 10% of the vote.

31. 3 абзац Пример:

32. - select and report 2-3 facts

3) Predictably, / As can be seen from the pie chart (data),
there is quite a large difference between the figure(s) for a
laptop (and a smartphone) and the figure for a gift
certificate. In fact, the proportion of the surveyed teenagers
who would like to get a laptop is 17% higher than that of
those who want to receive a gift certificate. (Likewise, the
figure for a smartphone outnumbers the figure for a gift
certificate by 1%.) There is nothing surprising about this
because hi-tech products such as laptops and smartphones
are far more favoured by today’s teenagers than gift cards.

33.

3) Predictably, there is quite a large difference between the
figure for a laptop and the figure for a gift certificate. In fact,
the proportion of the surveyed teenagers who would like to
get a laptop is 17% higher than that of those who would prefer
to receive a gift certificate. There is nothing surprising about
this because hi-tech products such as laptops are more
favoured by today’s teenagers than gift cards.

34. Комментарий к РАЗНИЦЕ

• сертификаты предполагают покупку только в одном
магазине, это сужает выбор – комментарий к тому, почему
сертификат на последнем месте в графике

35.

3. Сравнение (1-2):
3. Interestingly, there is quite a substantial difference between
the top and the bottom figures in the table. In fact, the figure for
a good salary is 25% higher than that for constant development.
This is probably because the respondents, like many other
young people today, want to feel secure in life and attach far
more importance to financial stability than to self-development.

36. – make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

3) Predictably, the figure for a laptop and the figure for a
smartphone are almost identical: the former is only 1%
higher than the latter. There is nothing surprising about it
because hi-tech products such as laptops and smartphones
are the top trending gifts among today’s teenagers.

37. Комментарий к сравнению:

1) БОЛЬШАЯ разница: одно намного важнее, нужнее,
предпочтительнее, … другого / первое – жизненной
необходимостью / ключевым фактором, второе –
просто дополнение, развлечение / без первого
обойтись нельзя, тогда как без второго можно
2) МАЛЕНЬКАЯ
разница:
оба
выполняют
одинаковую/похожую функцию, одинаково нужны, …

38. 3 абзац необходимая лексика

39. compare

• The group of those who enjoy … is 12% larger than the group of
those who like … .
• The percentage / proportion of … is 7% higher than the percentage /
proportion of … .
• Exercising in a gym is 5% more commonly/frequently cited by the
respondents than jogging outdoors.
• Adventure stories are 6% more popular than detective stories.

40. compare: “в 2 раза больше” = twice as adj. as

1) verbs + noun
London produces twice as much pollution as Berlin. (Active)
London produces twice as many emissions as Berlin. (Active)
Twice as much pollution is produced in London as in Berlin. (Passive)
Twice as many emissions are produced in London as in Berlin. (Passive)
2) ‘there is/are/was/were’ + noun
There is/was twice as much pollution in London as there is/was in Berlin.
There are/were twice as many cars in London as there are/were in Berlin.
3) with adjectives
London is twice as polluted as Berlin.
London is twice as crowded as Berlin.

41. compare: “в 2 раза больше” = twice as adj. as

• Stories about animals are twice as popular as romance.
• Keeping pets for company is twice as common as adopting a pet
in order to look after someone.
• The first reason is twice as commonly/frequently cited as the
second reason.
• The proportion of those who use … is twice as high as the
proportion of those who choose … .

42. compare: “в 2 раза больше” = twice the number / the percentage of

• This number is (more than) twice the number
of …
•The percentage of … is (almost) twice the
percentage of … .

43. compare: “в 2 раза больше” = the number is double the number of / is double that of …

• The number of the respondents interested in sports is double
the number of the respondents interested in literature.
• The number of the respondents interested in sports is (almost)
double that of the respondents interested in literature.

44. compare: “в 3 (4, … ) раза больше”

• Adventure stories are three times as popular as romance.
• Using smartphones for communication is four times as common as
using them for sending and receiving emails.
• Language of tuition is given as a reason by nearly five times as many
students as good language support, at 95% and 20% respectively.

45.

46. compare: “в 2 раза меньше”

• 26% of the respondents say that they prefer to exercise
outdoors, which is exactly half the number of those who prefer to
go to the gym.

47. compare: меньше

• (much/far) less common / popular / frequently cited than…
• 6% less common / popular / frequently cited than…
• a lot fewer of the respondents …

48. как прокомментировать сравнение:

• Эмоциональный отклик:
- Unfortunately, … Regrettably, … Sadly, …
- It is encouraging to note that …
• Личная оценка
- Surprisingly, … / Predictably, … / Interestingly, … It is interesting to
note…
- The results confirm that … / The results are in solid agreement with
the information I have found in other sources and indicate that …

49. как прокомментировать сравнение:

• Объяснение как вывод (умозаключение):
- I think this is explained by the fact that…
- I think this is due to the fact that …
- I think the reason is that …
- This suggests that …
• Объяснение как предположение:
- This is probably because … / This might be because …
- This is likely to result in … / lead to …

50. 4 абзац Пример:

51. – outline a problem that can arise with birthday presents and suggest a way of solving it;

4) One problem associated with birthday presents is that for
such a special occasion people often choose expensive gifts
that have little practical value and quickly go out of fashion.
The best solution to this problem is to choose a useful
present that will stand the test of time and will never go out
of style.

52. – outline a problem that can arise with birthday presents and suggest a way of solving it;

3) Predictably, the figure for a laptop and the figure for a
smartphone are almost identical: the former is only 1% higher than
the latter. There is nothing surprising about it because hi-tech
products such as laptops and smartphones are the top trending
gifts among today’s teenagers.
4) Giving a teenager a trending gift seems to be a great idea but it
is not always a good decision when choosing a present for people
from other age groups. The problem is that fashionable birthday
gifts often have little practical value and quickly go out of fashion.
The best solution to this problem is to choose a useful present that
will stand the test of time and will never go out of style.

53. – outline a problem that can arise with birthday presents and suggest a way of solving it;

3) Predictably, there is quite a large difference between the figure
for a laptop and the figure for a gift certificate. In fact, the
proportion of the surveyed teenagers who would like to get a
laptop is 17% higher than that of those who want to receive a gift
certificate. There is nothing surprising about this because hi-tech
products such as laptops and smartphones are more favoured by
today’s teenagers than gift cards.
4) It stands to reason that a gift card is the least popular choice
among the polled teenagers. The problem with such birthday
present as gift cards is that they are easy to lose and, besides, they
quickly expire. A good solution to this problem is to choose an
electronic gift card with the expiry date that can be extended.

54. 4 абзац необходимая лексика

55. Problem?

Sth BAD / NEGATIVE
affects… (badly), has a negative effect on … / has a bad influence on…
has negative/ serious/ far-reaching consequences (for …)
is harmful (does … harm, does harm to…), damaging (does serious damage
to…),
dangerous, there is a risk that … , puts sb under (the) threat (of)

56. Problem?

Lack of …
not enough
Too much …
an excessive amount
- Opportunities
- Time
- Money
- Health
- Knowledge, education, abilities, skills, qualifications, aptitude for… , talent
- Awareness
- Motivation
- Confidence
-…

57.

1) Проблема НЕ связана с графиком
One problem that can arise when somebody ____ One (possible) solution to this problem
is …
One problem that is usually/often associated with
___ is …
The best way to solve this problem is to
…
One problem that can occur/ occurs during ___ is
… / while … is …
One of the best solutions to this
problem is …
One problem that (smartphone users) often face
is …
To solve this problem, it is important
(for sb) to do … / sb (one) should …
One problem that is often experienced by
(teenage readers) is …

58. 5 абзац Пример:

59. – conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on how to choose birthday presents for your friends.

4) Giving a teenager a trending gift seems to be a great idea but it
is not always a good decision when choosing a present for people
from other age groups. The problem is that fashionable birthday
gifts often have little practical value and quickly go out of fashion.
The best solution to this problem is to choose a useful present
that will stand the test of time and will never go out of style.
5) In conclusion, I think that that finding a present with some
practical value is important, especially when choosing a gift for a
friend. It is also essential to consider your friends’ interests and
hobbies because it will make a present really pleasant and
absolutely unforgettable.

60. 5 абзац необходимая лексика

61. Как писать заключение

- conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on living in a big city
What is your opinion on … ?
+
Why do you think so?

62. Как писать заключение

1) role / importance:
In conclusion, I believe that + your opinion (… plays an important role)
+ I have no doubt about it because it can do / does … a lot of good.
+ … because it can benefit / benefits … in many ways / the benefits for … are
immense.
+ … because it is a very positive and valuable experience.
+ … because it is the best / most effective way to develop essential life skills (and
avoid potential difficulties / the problems that are usually associated with …)
+ … because these skills are essential for a productive life and a successful career.
+ … because it is the key to a happy and productive life.
+ I am absolutely sure that the benefits far outweigh any downsides / potential
risks.

63. Your opinion on the role / importance - ?

1) в чем конкретно эта роль/важность заключается (что … делает)
2) какая эта роль/важность
In conclusion, despite some problems associated with IT jobs, I
think that it is a good idea to start a career in this sphere. I
firmly believe that information technology plays an
indispensable role in today’s world because it permeates every
aspect of modern life.

64. Your opinion on the role / importance - ?

1) в чем конкретно эта роль/важность заключается (что … делает)
2) какая эта роль/важность
In conclusion, I believe that information technology plays an
indispensable/crucial role in today’s world. I have doubt about
it permeates every aspect of modern life.

65. Как писать заключение

2) the best:
In conclusion, I believe that + your opinion.
+ I have no doubt about it because it offers … long-term benefits and poses no risks.
+ I have no doubt about it because it can do … them more good than any other way of
…
+ … because it can benefit … in all sorts of ways / the benefits are truly immense.
+ … because it is the most valuable experience.
+ … because it is the most effective way to develop essential life skills.
+ … because these skills are essential for a productive life and a successful career.
+ … because it is the key to a happy and productive life.
+ … After all, there is nothing better than … for … / if you want to …

66.

2) the best:
In conclusion, like the respondents, I
believe that a sea resort is the best
holiday destination. I have no doubt
about it because going to the seaside
can do us more good than any other
way of spending holidays.

67. Как писать заключение

3) how to:

68. Как писать заключение

4) про что-то конкретное: dreams of modern
teenagers / quality of modern films /
disadvantages of technological progress

69. Conclusion:

• In conclusion, I believe that there are still some serious disadvantages in
using the fruits of technical progress but, in my opinion, they are far
outweighed by its advantages. + I have no doubt about it because
technological advancement is the key to the well-being of modern society.

70. Your opinion on the disadvantages - ?

1) в чем конкретно эти минусы заключаются (что … делает)
2) какие эти минусы
In conclusion, despite some problems associated with IT jobs, I
think that it is a good idea to start a career in this sphere. I
firmly believe that information technology plays an
indispensable role in today’s world because it permeates every
aspect of modern life.

71.

- In conclusion, I believe that the
quality of modern online
education is very high. I have no
doubt about it because my
experience of learning online
proves it.
/ because the academic results of
online students prove it. / are a
good indicator of that.
/ because online students achieve
impressive / good academic
results.

72. Conclusion:

• если связано с таблицей
• In conclusion, I think that most modern teenagers’ dreams are similar to the
ones that can be seen in the table I have found for my project. I am sure that it
is important for teenagers to have dreams and plans because they are a key to
their future success in life.
• In conclusion, I think that dreams are an important part of the lives of modern
teenagers. I have no doubt about it because dreams and goals are a key to their
future success in life.

73.

Финальный вариант:
1. The aim of my project is to find out what gifts Zetland teenagers would like to receive for their
birthdays. As part of my project, I have found some results of relevant opinion polls, and in this
essay I will describe the data and express my opinion on the subject of the project.
2. According to the data, a laptop (25%) is the most frequently named present, followed closely by a
smartphone, headphones and a camera, at 24%, 23% and 20% respectively. At the other end of the
spectrum, there is a gift certificate, making up only 8% of the total.
3. Predictably, there is quite a large difference between the figures for a laptop and the figure for a gift
certificate. In fact, the proportion of the surveyed teenagers who would like to get a laptop is 17%
higher than that of those who would prefer to receive a gift certificate. There is nothing surprising
about this because hi-tech products such as laptops are more favoured by today’s teenagers than
gift cards.
4. One problem associated with birthday presents is that for such a special occasion people often
choose expensive gifts that have little practical value and quickly go out of fashion. The best
solution to this problem is to choose a useful present that will stand the test of time and will never
go out of style.
5. In conclusion, I think that that finding a present with some practical value is important, especially
when choosing a gift for a friend. It is also essential to consider your friends’ interests and hobbies
because it will make a present really pleasant and absolutely unforgettable. (271 w.)