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1. Red book

RED BOOK
or a red list of endangered
species.

2.

The Red Book was created by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This organization appeared in
1948, it implemented a policy to preserve the environment.
The first edition of the Red Book was published in 1963.

3.

In addition to the international Red Book,
there are also regional red books.

4.

5. The Passenger pigeon

T H E PA S S E N G E R P I G E O N
COMPLETELY EXTINCT BY 1914
Its populations were numerous in North America until the early 19th
century.Then the mass extermination of birds began. Even before the
European exploration of the New World, the Indians used pigeon
meat for food: pickled, salted and smoked it in reserve. The
Europeans dramatically increased their consumption, using pigeons
not only for human nutrition, but also as livestock feed. The
passenger pigeons were considered harmful birds, causing significant
damage to agriculture, and therefore hunting them was encouraged.
The extinction of birds and the reduction of forests, their main habitat,
have had an impact.
In 1901, the last passenger pigeon in the wild was destroyed, and in
1914, the last pigeon, Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoo, USA.

6. Steller's cow

STELLER'S COW
COMPLETELY EXTINCT BY 1768
This mammal of the siren group, whose weight ranged from 4 to 11 tons and body
length from 7 to 10 m, was first discovered in 1741 by members of the Bering group
during the Second Kamchatka Expedition. Vitus Bering's ship "Saint Peter" crashed
near the Commander Islands, which forced the crew to spend the winter on one of
them. The animals fed on seaweed, primarily seaweed. They were extremely slow, did
not dive, kept to large herds, often swam very close to the shore and were not a bit
afraid of people. This is what made them easy prey for hunters of very nutritious and
tasty meat. In 1743, industrialists began to exterminate animals en masse, and by
1768 the species had been completely destroyed.

7. Tour

TOUR
COMPLETELY EXTINCT BY 1627
Monument to the last
tour
Tours are one of the progenitors of domestic cows. These
animals had almost no natural enemies. The animals, about
170-180 cm high at the withers and weighing up to 800 kg,
could easily cope with almost any predator. But,
unfortunately, like many other species, tours could not
survive when faced with human hunting and economic
activities.In addition to hunting, the population of tours was
strongly affected by the intense deforestation of the forests
where they lived. The last member of the species died of the
disease in 1627.

8. Turanian tiger

TURANIAN TIGER
COMPLETELY EXTINCT BY 1970
Tigers once inhabited the southern territories of Russia. In the mountains of the Caucasus and the Central Asian region, there were
individuals with rich fiery red fur and stripes with a brown tint. These cats were very large, weighing up to 200 kilograms. They hunted
roe deer, saiga and wild boar.
Predators have disappeared due to land development. The prey was leaving, the tigers switched to livestock, and people began to kill
the predators. The last tiger on the territory of the USSR was seen in Turkmenistan in 1954. In 1970, the last representative of the
subspecies was killed in Turkey.

9.

According to data for 2025, the International Red Book includes 172600 species, the content
is updated every seven years. Over the past 500 years, 844 species of fauna and about 1,000
species of flora have disappeared forever on planet Earth.
SAVE NATURE