Правила чтения

1.

Английские гласные звуки
[i:]
[ɑː]
he car [ɔː]
[u:]
for
[ɪ]
[ʌ]
[ə:/ɜː]
blue
[æ]
in but [ɒ]
her
[ʊ]
[e]
not
hat
[ə]
[ɪə] [aɪ]
[eə]
bed
look
[ɔɪ]
[aʊ]
like
un-der
hair
[eɪ]
here
[ʊə]
boy
house
name
sure [əʊ]
no

2. Деление на слоги в английском языке

1. Количество слогов определяется, в основном,
количеством:
• одиночных гласных: a, e, i/y, o, u
• гласных буквосочетаний: ea, oo, ie
2. Конечная непроизносимая буква “e” образует
условный слог, который помогает открыть
предыдущий слог и не переносится при письме.
3. Отсчет слогов ведётся с конца слова.
• ‘Ni-ce, ‘din-ner, ‘fa-vour-ite, ‘swim-ming/’swimm-ing

3. Безударный звук [ə]

but-ter, mot-her, un-der
‘hun-dred, add-’ress, ‘sub-ject, ‘Hi-sto-ry, ‘actor, ‘at-las, ‘co-lour, ‘fa-vour-ite

4. Английские cогласные звуки

Звонкие Глухие Звонкие Глухие
Английские
cогласные звуки
[b]
bed
[g]
game
[p]
pen
[k]
cake
[d]
day
[ʒ]
beige
[t]
stand
[ʃ]
she
[z]
please
[s]
six
[dʒ]
orange
[tʃ]
cheese
[v]
five
[f]
fox
[ð]
this
[θ]
bath
Непарные
[n]
name
[ŋ]
sing
[l]
lamp
[m]
my
[r]
red
[h]
he
[w]
we
[j]
yes

5. Одиночная гласная – гласная буква без буквосочетания

Чтение одиночных гласных в открытом слоге
( I тип слога) – в котором гласная открыта
Гласные читаются как в алфавите
Aa
na-me, ta-ke, ca-ke, ha-te, sna-ke
Ee
he, she, we, Pe-te, e-ven-ing
Ii/ Yy I, hi, pi-e, ti-e, ti-me, fi-ne, fi-ve, my, fly, try
Oo
no, so, go, ho-me, o-pen, sto-ne, no-se, close
Uu
pu-pil, stu-dent, tu-ne, mu-sic, blu-e

6. Чтение одиночных гласных в закрытом слоге (II тип слога), в котором гласная закрыта

Aa [æ] bad, bag, hat, cat, can, map, man, sand,
flag, sad, dad, fat, rat, jam, ant
Ee [e] rest, text, egg, send, hen, left, ten, pen, red,
help, dress, leg, desk, bed
Ii [ɪ] it, is, bit, dig, slim, did, kid, tip, sit, skip,
pink, big, milk, swim, ink
Oo [ɒ] fox, stop, got, hot, dog, boss, box, not,
frog, job, on, cross, fog, lost
Uu [ʌ] must, trust, us, plus, bus, nut, but, run, jump,
fun, mum, cup, jug

7.

Мягкое (алфавитное) чтение букв С и G –
перед гласными e, i, y
C [ s ]: face, pencil, cycle
G [dʒ]: orange, giraffe, gym
Исключения: give, girl, get, gift, begin
Твердое чтение букв С и G –
1) перед гласными a o u,
2) перед согласными и
3) в конце слова
C [ k ]: cake, come, cut, clown, music
G [ g ]: game, go, gun, green, dog

8. Чтение одиночных гласных в III типе слога – в котором после гласной стоит буква Rr

ar
[ɑː] car, far, park, mark, garden, garment
or
[ɔː] for, fork, form, storm, sport, hor-se
После буквы w: [ə:] work, word, world
er
[ə:] her, herb, verb, per-son
ir/yr [ə:] girl, bird, fir, birthday, skirt, myrtle
ur
[ə:] turn, purse, curds, surname
1. bark, fort, worm, term, swirl, hurt, dirt,
2. norm, herb, mark, verb, force, thirst, fork,
3. nurse, lark, word, burger

9. Чтение одиночных гласных в IV типе слога – в котором после гласной стоит буква Rr + ещё одна гласная буква

are
ere
ire
ore
ure
[eǝ] care, share, hare, dare, parent,
[ɪə] here, mere, sphere, series
[aɪə] fire, tire, tired, hire, siren
[ɔː] more, bore, store, shore
[jʊə] pure, cure, sure, during
1. store, hire, parents, series, more, sure, dare,
2. tire, shore, pure, siren, hare, mere, bore,
during

10.

[ʊ]
1. look, book, foot
[ u: ]
2. pool, school, Zoo
[ ʌ]
3. blood, flood
oo
Но:
ou/ow [aʊ]
4. house, mouse, loud
5. brown, clown, down
ow
6. snow, blow, yellow
в конце [əʊ ]
7. исключ. now, how, wow, cow
слова
oa
[ əʊ ] 8. boat, coat, load
oy / oi [ ɔɪ ]
9. boy, toy, an’noy
10. coin, point, noise

11.

ee
[ i: ]
1. see, green, tree
ea
[ i: ]
2. team, eat, read
Но:
[e]
3. head, breakfast, bread
ew
[ ju: ]
4. new, few, dew
au/aw
ai/ay
[ ɔː ]
[ eɪ ]
5. autumn, August, fraud
6. draw, paw, saw
7. rain, again, pain
8. play, say, today
ey
9. grey, they, o’bey
ie (в середине) [ i: ]
10. field, niece, piece
ui
[juː]
11. fruit, juice, suit

12. Гласные буквосочетания с буквой Rr

ai + r = [ eə ] hair, hairy, fair, fairy
ei + r = [ eə ] their, heir
ее + r = [ɪə] deer, beer, ca’reer
еа + r в середине и конце = [ɪə] ear, near,
beard
еа + r в конце = [eə ] pear, bear, wear, swear
еа + r в начале и середине = [ə:] learn, earth,
heard
оа + r = [ɔː] board, oar, roar
оо + r = [ɔː] door, floor
оо + r = [ʊə] poor, moor, boor
ou + r = [aʊə] our, flour, sour
ou + r = [ɔː] four, pour

13.

1. ck
2. ng
3. gh после гласной =
4. ph
5. th
6. wh
7. Но: wh перед “o” =
8. kn
9. wr
10. sh
11. ch
[k]
[ŋ]
[-]
[f]
[ð]
[θ]
[w]
[h]
[n]
[r]
[ʃ]
[ tʃ ]
[k]
black, clock, brick
song, ring, bang
right, night, light
phone, pho-to, sphinx
this, that, these, those
thank, bath, birth
when, what, white
who, whom, whose
know, knife, knee
write, wrong, wrist
she, shop, fish
cheese, chick, chart
(греч.) school, ‘architect

14. Гласно-согласные буквосочетания (I)

a + th = [ɑː] bath, father, rather, path
а + n, s, f + согласная = [ɑː] dance, can’t, past,
after
а + l (немая) + m, f, v = [ɑː] calm, half, halves
а + l + согласная = [ɔː] salt, all, ball, bald
а + l (немая) + k = [ɔː] walk, talk, chalk
i + ld, nd = [aɪ] mi-nd, chi-ld, fi-nd
o + ld = [əʊ] o-ld, co-ld, bo-ld
o + n = [ ʌ] son, one, wonder, tongue, ton

15. Гласно-согласные буквосочетания в суффиксах (в безударном положении) (II)

-ture = [tʃə] picture, nature, lecture, structure
-sure после соглас. = [ʃə] pressure, censure
-sure после глас. = [ʒə] treasure, pleasure, measure
-tion = [ʃn] nation, celebration, imitation
-sion после согласной = [ʃn] passion, pension
-sion после гласной = [ʒn] vision, illusion
-sia = [ʃə] Russia, Russian, Asia, Asian, Persia
-cial = [ʃ l] facial, racial, special
-cian = [ʃn] mu’sician, ,elec’trician, phy’sician
-tial = [ʃ l] partial, martial