passive_voice (1)

1.

Passive voice
Cтрадательный залог

2.

3.

to be+V3
A cake is baked by Mike.
The window is broken.

4.

Употребляется:
1. Когда исполнитель действия неизвестен, неважен или
очевиден из контекста.
Му ring was stolen yesterday. (исполнитель неизвестен).
The parcel will be delivered today. (исполнитель неважен).
The thief was arrested. (исполнитель очевиден: by the police).
2. Когда действие более важно, чем исполнитель (в
статьях, инструкциях, рекламе).
Smoking is not allowed.
Potatoes are baked for about twenty minutes.
3. Когда мы хотим выделить исполнителя.
The deal was signed by the president himself.
St. Petersburg was founded by Peter I.
4. Чтобы сделать высказывание более официальным и
вежливым.
My new vase has been broken. (это звучит более
вежливо , чем “He has broken my new vase”)

5.

Аctive
Passive
Present Simple He delivers letters.
Letters are delivered.
Past Simple
He delivered the letters.
The letters were
delivered.
Present
Continuous
He is delivering the letters.
The letters are being
delivered.
Past continuous He was delivering the letters
The letters were being
delivered.
Present Perfect
He has delivered the letters.
The letters have been
delivered.
Past Perfect
He had delivered the letters.
The letters had been
delivered.
Future Simple
He will deliver the letters
The letters will be
delivered.

6.

Аctive
Passive
Infinitive
He has to deliver the letters
The letters have to be
delivered.
Modal verbs
He must deliver the letters
The letters must be
delivered.

7.

Negative
Question
Present Simple He is not asked.
Is he asked?
Past Simple
He was not asked.
Was he asked?
Present
Continuous
He is not being asked.
Is he being asked?
Past continuous He was not being asked.
Was he being asked?
Present Perfect
He has not been asked.
Has he been asked?
Past Perfect
He had not been asked.
Had he been asked?
Future Simple
He will not be asked.
Will he be asked?

8.

Мы используем
by + исполнитель действия,
чтобы сказать кто или что осуществляет действие.
Мы используем
with + иструменты/материал/ ингредиенты,
чтобы сказать чем пользовался исполнитель при
совершении действия.
from + ингредиенты
A cake was made by Tina.
It was made with eggs, flour and sugar.
The song for the music video is chosen by the
music producer.
The rope was cut with scissors.

9.

Существительное, обозначающее
исполнителя действия может быть опущено,
если подлежащее в предложении
действительного залога выражено словами:
They, he, someone, somebody, people, one
Someone has left the door unlocked.
The door has been left unlocked.

10.

Переходные
Глаголы
(могут иметь при себе прямое
дополнение)
Страдательный
залог
Popov invented the radio in 1895. – The radio was invented
by Popov1n 1895.
Непереходные
Глаголы
( не могут иметь при себе
Страдательный
залог
прямое дополнение)
An accident happened last night.
Некоторые переходные глаголы
have, fit, suit, resemble не имеют формы
страдательного залога.
She resembles her mother. (Not: Her mother is resembled by
her.

11.

Глаголы + два дополнения:
bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, sell,
offer, give, lend
образуют две модели страдательного
залога.
They offered him a job.
Не was offered a job.
A job was offered to him. (употребляется реже)
НО! to explain, to announce, to dictate, to read, to
write, to suggest образуют одну модель
страдательного залога, где роль подлежащего
выполняет неодушевленное существительное.
The teacher explained the rule to us.
The rule was explained to us.
We were explained the rule.

12.

Специальный вопрос
When is the room cleaned?
How will your cat be named?
Why the door has been broken by
him?
Who was the first computer invented
by?
Who will the tickets be booked by?

13.

В разговорном английском get
используется вместо be для
указания того, что что-то
произошло случайно.
She got hurt when she was working in
the garden.
The cheque got lost in the mail.