BN1_course 1

1.

2.

Feel free to interrupt at any
time
Asking questions is vital to
learning
Homework
Final Exam

3.

ramona.tromiadis@cmu-edu.eu

4.

5.

THE GLOBE
COORDINATE
MEASURING
SYSTEM

6.

7. SHAPE OF THE EARTH

The real shape of the Earth is irregular
and impossible to model
mathematically;
Approximation of the real shape of the
Earth:
Physical approximation;
Mathematical approximation.

8. PHYSICAL APPROXIMATION OF THE EARTH

The body that physically approximates the Earth is called
GEOID;
Definitions of the geoid: the body whose surface is given
by the calm surface of the Earth's seas and oceans,
extended under the continents; the body with the
equipotential surface of zero level (the average level of
the seas and oceans) (definition proposed by Listing in
1873).
The vertical of any point on the Earth's surface is
perpendicular to the geoid;
The surface of the geoid is not regular.

9.

small circles
planes that
do not touch center

10.

Small Circles

11.

parallels of latitude

12.

LATITUDE LINES ARE PARALLEL
RUN EAST AND WEST
LATITUDE IS MEASURED
IN DEGREES STARTING
45
AT THE EQUATOR
60
75
90 NORTH POLE
NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE IS
NORTH OF THE
30 DEGREES NORTH
EQUATOR
30
LATITUDE
15 DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
15
EQUATOR
0
15 DEGREES SOUTH
LATITUDE
SOUTHERN
30 DEGREES SOUTH
HEMISPHERE IS
LATITUDE
15
30
45
ANIMATION
SOUTH OF THE
EQUATOR
60
75
90
SOUTH POLE

13.

CIRCUMFERENCE IS
21,614 MILES
CIRCUMFERENCE IS
360 degrees

14.

HALF THE
CIRCUMFERENCE IS
10,807 MILES
HALF THE
CIRCUMFERENCE IS
180 degrees

15.

ONE QUARTER THE
CIRCUMFERENCE IS
5,404 MILES
ONE QUARTER THE
CIRCUMFERENCE IS
90 degrees

16.

ONE QUARTER THE CIRCUMFERENCE IS
5,404 MILES
ONE QUARTER THE CIRCUMFERENCE IS ALSO
90 degrees OF LATITUDE
5,404 MILES/ 90 DEGREES = 60.044444 MILES PER DEGREE
THERE ARE 60 MINUTES IN EACH DEGREE OF LATITUDE
60.03888 MILES PER DEGREE/ 60 MINUTES PER DEGREE
= 1 MILE PER MINUTE OF LATITUDE

17.

One Minute
of
Latitude
equals
One Nautical Mile
(almost)

18.

GREAT CIRCLES are
FORMED BY A PLANE PASSING
THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE
EARTH
SURFACE
OF THE
EARTH
THE EQUATOR IS A HORIZONTAL
GREAT CIRCLE
CENTER OF THE EARTH
ROTATIONAL AXIS

19.

meridians of longitude

20.

LONGITUDE
SURFACE
OF THE
EARTH
LONGITUDINAL MERIDIANS
ARE FORMED WHEN A VERTICAL
PLANE PASSING THROUGH THE
ROTATIONAL AXIS OF THE EARTH
INTERSECTS WITH THE SURFACE
OF THE EARTH.
THE CENTER OF THE EARTH IS ON
THE ROTATIONAL AXIS ALSO
LONGITUDINAL MERIDIANS
ROTATIONAL AXIS

21.

LONGITUDE
LONGITUDE LINES ARE NOT PARALLEL
LINES OF LONGITUDE
ARE CALLED
MERIDIANS
GEOGRAPHIC SOUTH POLE
GEOGRAPHIC NORTH
POLE

22.

LONGITUDE
TRUE GEOGRAPHIC NORTH POLE
DEGREES EAST
LONGITUDE
DEGREES WEST
LONGITUDE
PRIME MERIDIAN
RUNS THROUGH
GREENWICH
ENGLAND =
ZERO DEGREES
SOUTH POLE

23.

LONGITUDE
TOP VIEW OF THE EARTH, LOOKING DOWN AT
NORTH POLE
LINES OF LONGITUDE
179 West
90 DEGREES
WEST
LONGITUDE
179 East
GEOGRAPHIC
NORTH POLE
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
IT IS AT THE 180 DEGREE
MERIDIAN
90 DEGREES
EAST
LONGITUDE
0 DEGREES
PRIME MERIDIAN

24.

LONGITUDE

25.

000
Prime Meridian
1884