lecture 6 - Adjective +Adverb

1. Lecture 4 Adjectives and Adverbs

LECTURE 4
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

2. Lecture 4: Adjectives and Adverbs

LECTURE 4: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
1.
2.
3.
4.
The notion and features of the Adjective
Types of Adjectives
Grammatical features of the Adverb.
Types of Adverbs

3. 1. The notion and features of the Adjective

1. THE NOTION AND FEATURES OF THE
ADJECTIVE
What is Adjective?
What is the grammatical meaning of the
Adjective?
What function in the sentence does it play?

4. The definition of the Adjective:

THE DEFINITION OF THE
ADJECTIVE:
Is the notional part of speech
that expresses the categorial
semantics of property of a
substance.
(M.Ya. Blokh)

5. Grammatically relevant properties of the Adjective:

GRAMMATICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES
OF THE ADJECTIVE:
Semantic property
Property
Quality

6. Examples:

EXAMPLES:
colour,
size,
shape,
origin,
position in
space,
material,
attitude,
condition,
character,
etc.

7. Formal property

FORMAL PROPERTY
What grammatical categories does the Adjective
possess?
Degrees of comparison
Positive degree/Zero
degree
Comparative degree
Superlative degree

8. Formal property - combinability

FORMAL PROPERTY - COMBINABILITY
What parts of speech
can the Adjective
combine with?
Give examples.
nouns
(wonderful weather),
link-verbs
(she is clever),
adverbs
(very interesting),
the word “one”
(I like my old dress and
dislike the new one).

9. Formal property – morphological features – suffixes

FORMAL PROPERTY – MORPHOLOGICAL
FEATURES – SUFFIXES
What suffixes of Adjective can you name?
Give examples.

10. Suffixes and their meaning

SUFFIXES AND THEIR MEANING
suffix
meaning
Example
-AL
relating to
accident – accidental
-ARY
relating to quality or
place
compliment –
complimentary
-FUL
full of
beauty – beautiful
-IC
having the nature of;
caused by
athlete – athletic
-ICAL
having the nature of
magic – magical
-ISH
origin, nature
child-childish
-LESS
without
power – powerless

11. Suffixes and meaning - continuation

SUFFIXES AND MEANING - CONTINUATION
suffix
meaning
Example
-LIKE
like
like – lifelike
-LY
like
friend – friendly
-OUS
quality, nature
poison – poisonous
-Y
like
rain – rainy

12. Functional property

FUNCTIONAL PROPERTY
Attribute
Predicative (nominative
complement)
I am enjoying this
She is a wonderful
rainy cool day!
specialist!

13. 2. Types of Adjectives

2. TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Relative
Qualitative
Incomparable

14. Relative Adjectives

RELATIVE ADJECTIVES
(no degrees of comparison)
They express such properties of a substance
which are determined by the direct relation of
this substance to another
a wooden house,
• a historical event

15. Qualitative Adjectives

QUALITATIVE ADJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
have degrees of comparison
They denote qualities of a substance
which can be estimated.
Degrees:
Positive
Comparative
Superlative

16. Incomparable Adjectives

INCOMPARABLE ADJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Adjectives which express the highest degree of
smth (main, extreme).
Adjectives with a suffix –ish (whitish, reddish,
childish).
Adjectives which express an idea which can not
be compared (dead, lame, deaf).
Adjectives statives – afraid, alive, etc.

17. Distribute Adjectives into types and make degrees of comparison where possible

DISTRIBUTE ADJECTIVES INTO TYPES AND
MAKE DEGREES OF COMPARISON WHERE
POSSIBLE
Golden
Strict
Good
Nice
Cold
Numb
Silver
Bookish
Cautious
Greenish
Alive
Super

18. 3. Adverb

3. ADVERB
Is the notional part of speech that
expresses the categorical semantics
of the secondary property of a verb.
(M.Ya. Blokh)

19. 3. Grammatical features of the Adverb.

3. GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF THE
ADVERB.
Semantic property
Degree of the property
Secondary property

20. Formal property

FORMAL PROPERTY
What grammatical categories does the Adverb
possess?
Degrees of comparison
Positive degree/Zero
degree
Comparative degree
Superlative degree

21.

FORMAL PROPERTY – MORPHOLOGICAL
FEATURES – SUFFIXES
Suffixes:
-ly (slowly)
-ward (westward)
-adjective-like forms
(high, late, etc.)

22. Adverb or Adjective?

ADVERB OR ADJECTIVE?
Adverb
Adjective
He came late
It was a late evening
He stayed long
It was a long journey
He spoke loud
There was a loud noise
I got up early
It was an early morning
I work hard
I took a hard piece of wood
I stood near
He is my near relative
I am a little tired
She was a little girl
He came only once
He is an only child
I don’t sleep enough
I don’t have enough time

23. Functional property

FUNCTIONAL PROPERTY
Adverbial modifier in the sentence.
I work there. (Where?)
He spoke quickly. (How?)

24. 4. Types of Adverbs

4. TYPES OF ADVERBS

25. Classification of Adverb (criteria)

CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERB (CRITERIA)
Structural
Structural Semantic

26. Structural aspect

STRUCTURAL ASPECT
Simple
Compound
Friendly, daily
Eastward, forward

27. Semantic aspect

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
SEMANTIC ASPECT
Manner or quality He walked slowly.
Quantity or degree Almost, very, rather,
enough, too (слишком)
Number Twice, seldom, always, again
Time Before, soon, already, ago
Place Here, there, inside, outside, homeward
Affirming or denying Probably, certainly,
perhaps
Emphasizing Too (слишком), even, only
Interrogative adverbs: (where, how, what, etc.)
Relative adverbs (If interrogative adverbs are
not used in questions they are called relative.
‘This is a place where I was born’)
9.

28. Identify the type of the Adverb (semantic and structural aspects):

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF THE ADVERB
(SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL ASPECTS):
Here
What is your name?
I know what it means
Tableward
Soon
Late
Possibly
Sure
After
Ago
Hotly

29. Questions for self-control:

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL:
What is Adjective?
What are the categories of Adj?
What types of Adj. do you remember?
What is Adverb?
What are the types of Adverbs?
Write down any examples of Adverbs/Adjectives
that have the same form.
Give examples of relative Adverbs.

30. Thank you very much!

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!