Marine pollution prevention

1.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Marine Pollution Prevention
OPA 90
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V.Ships Training Module
TC00-1
V.Ships 2000
Produced by : A-Tech Data Ltd.
Slide No.1

2.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Define Pollution
What materials are discharged into the sea as a result of human activities ?
What is the effect on the marine environment ?
What is the implication on human health, food resources and ecosystems ?
What is being done to reduce these effects to the Marine environment ?
What is the consequence of not releasing these additives in the marine environment?
The principle content of marine pollution :
Untreated urban sewage ~ river runoffs,
Industrial wastage, residue, agricultural waste, food processing waste etc,
Chemical waste,
PARTICULATE pollution (e.g) dredging spoil, powdered ash, china clay
waste,
Oil Pollution, Plastics and Garbage.
Slide No.2

3. What is Marine Pollution ?

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
What is Marine Pollution ?
The United Nations Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of
Marine Pollution have defined Marine Pollution as :
“The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances to
the marine environment that result in deleterious effects to the
environment"
these include :Hazards to human health
Hindrance of marine activities, including fishing
Impairment of the quality for the use of seawater
Reduction of amenities.
Slide No.3

4.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Other Categories of Marine Pollutants
Hydrocarbon based waste which is bio-degradable
Heat waste
Acids and Alkalis
Cyanides
Plastics
Slide No.4

5. OPA 90 Requires

Marine Pollution
OPA 90 Requires
V.Ships
OPA 90 ~ The Oil Pollution Act 1990
"All Vessels carrying oil in bulk as a
cargo into United States waters must
have an approved Vessel Response
Plan (VRP) on board"
Slide No.5

6.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Tonnage of Oil Lost by Marine Casualty
Torrey
Canyon
Amoco Cadiz
300000
Atlantic Express
250000
ABT Summer
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1967 1974 1976 1978 1979 1983 1988 1989 1991 1992
Slide No.6

7.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Now watch the Video
~
"On Board Pollution response"
(The Maritime Safety Series)
Slide No.7

8. Oil Pollution Act 1990 OPA90

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Oil Pollution Act 1990
OPA90
Slide No.8

9.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
The Vessel Response Plan (VRP)
Key elements :•General Information
• Notification
• Spill mitigation procedures
The Qualified Individual (Q.I.)
The Spill Management Team (SMT)
The Oil Spill Removal Organisation (OSRO)
• Contacts
• Training & Drills
• Reviews and updates
• Geographic references
• Vessel specific information
Slide No.9

10.

Marine Pollution
Operational Areas
V.Ships
River
Canal
Inland waters
Demarcation Line
Near-shore
12 Nautical Miles
Off-shore
50 Nautical Miles
Open Ocean
Slide No.10

11.

Marine Pollution
National Response Corporation
V.Ships
'NARCO' - National Response Corporation
OSRO Class
River / Canal
Inland / Offshore
Great lakes
Offshore / Open Ocean
A
B
C
D
E
50
1250
1500
3000
6000
50
1250
10000
20000
40000
50
1250
5000
10000
20000
50
1250
10000
20000
40000
Contractor recovery capacity in US BBls (0.159 m3) per day
NARCO has been classified by the US Coast Guard as an "E" with
responsibility in all operational areas of all zones on the East and Gulf
Coasts of the United States and Caribbean.
Slide No.11

12.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Potential Oil Spill Size
Three categories of Potential spill sizes :
Average Most Probable (AMP)
Discharge +/- 50 Bbls
Maiximum Most Probable (MMP)
Discharge +/- 2500 Bbls
Worst Case
Loss of entire Cargo
Slide No.12

13.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Shipboard requirements of the VRP
A Designated Spill Response Team (SRT)
List and location of pollution prevention and clean up gear
Contact numbers
Contact information and procedures
Location of vessels plans and stability information
Cargo details, including capacities and structure
Cargo transfer procedures
Details of Ship to ship transfer procedures
Slide No.13

14.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Masters Obligations to report
In the event of a discharge or threat of a discharge of oil
from the vessel, the U.S.C.G. operated NRC (National
Response Centre) in Washington DC should be notified
by the ship immediately.
Failure to make such notification will make the
Master personally liable to criminal prosecution of
US $ 25,000 or 5 years in Prison.
Slide No.14

15.

Marine Pollution
Shipboard Response Team
V.Ships
Master
Spill Officer
Spill Squad 1
Repair Squad
Spill Squad 2
Slide No.15

16.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Routine in-service training
Transfer operations
Major casualty
Equipment failure
Damage Stability and Hull Stress considerations
Slide No.16

17.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Cargo Transfer procedures
Internal Fuel or Cargo Transfers
Safety procedures – company requirements
Notification and communications with correct personnel
Ship to Ship Cargo / Fuel transfers
Company safety management guidelines
OCIMF / ICS transfer guidelines
Checklists
Slide No.17

18.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Emergency Towing Arrangements
IMO Res. A535 (13) Sections 2.2 to 2.7
• Towing positions
• Identify and gain familiarisation with equipment
• Identify the correct towing equipment
• Ensure emergency towing equipment not used for general purpose
If vessel is disabled and requires towing
• Establish communications
• Agree towing plan
• Prepare equipment and establish continuous watch
Slide No.18

19.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Record keeping
The Master must ensure that samples of all discharges of
cargo or fuel from the vessels systems, or if noticed in
adjacent waters to the ship, are taken and preserved in a
suitable container on board the vessel.
A Chain of Custody document must be completed for the
entire sampling and transport process
Slide No.19

20.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Hydrocarbons
Properties :Specific Gravity
Viscosity
Pour Point
Slide No.20

21.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Results & Effects of Marine Pollution
Flotation
Spreading and drifting
Evaporation
Emulsification
Dispersion
Dissolution
Sinking
Biodegredation
Slide No.21

22.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Training and exercise requirements
OPA 90 requires vessels response plans (VRP's) to describe tha training
of persons on a vessel to be carried out under a VRP to ensure the
safety of the vessel / facility and mitigate or prevent pollution.
Federal Training requirements
Federal Training guidelines (voluntary)
PREP (Preparedness for Response Exercise Program)
Refer to 'Appendix B' of your notes
Slide No.22

23.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Media Management
The Master is to instruct all crew members that,
following any casualty, any contact with a person(s) not
contracted to the Company is to be made through the
companies designated person ashore.
Impact of Media Response
Political
Regulatory Enforcement
Liability
Media Perception
Slide No.23

24.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
Guidelines : If unavoidably confronted by the Media
1.
Be courteous and polite
2.
Suggest that the reporter contact the Company directly for
accurate answers to questions
3.
Do not speculate or guess. A simple "I don't know" is enough.
4.
Do not try to confuse the matter or fabricate 'stories'
5.
Do not say "No Comment" (Refer the reporter to the Company
designated person for the factual and authorised answer)
6.
Do not make any statements suggesting cause or responsibility
7.
Do not discuss company policies
8.
Try to convey a 'spirit' of co-operation and understanding,
concern and helpfulness.
Slide No.24

25.

Marine Pollution
V.Ships
You have now completed the V.Ships
Marine Pollution Prevention ~ OPA 90
training module for Sea-Staff
TC00-1
Please ensure you complete the appropriate section
of your Personal Training Record Book
and
read the Vessel Response Plan appropriate for your
next appointed ship
Slide No.25