Похожие презентации:
The «Country of towns» (XVIII-XVI, Southern Ural, Russian Federation)
1. The «Country of towns» (XVIII-XVI, Southern Ural, Russian Federation)
2. The Arkaim settlement
Has radial-and-ring planSurrounded by two rows
of concentric walls;
Central square – 25x25m;
Square of dwellings –
190-300 sq. m, are
divided by partitions on
living and household
(utility) parts with cellars
and wells;
Walls are of 3-layers:
wooden piers, covering,
ground intermediate
layer.
3. The Toqsanbay settlement (3000-2000 BC, Beyneu area of Mangistau region)
4. The strengthened Toqsanbay settlement – proto-town
Alongwith Kent
(Central Kazakhstan),
Aytman and Manaysor
(Western Kazakhstan)
settlements has radialand-ring planning and
are considered as prototown
Remains of
metallurgical, ceramic,
tanning production;
Here was discovered the
most ancient heating
system (under floor) -
5. Architecture of Saka tribes (VII BC-V AD)
Lecture 26. Plan of lecture
Working out the mobile dwelling (with a foldingframework);
Kurgans – burial mounds (Tagisken, Shilikty, Issyk,
Besshatyr, Berel, Uygarak, Qyryqoba, Berqara,
Tologay, Malaysary, Aybas Darasy and others);
Sanctuaries and temples (Qyzyl-Uyiq, Tubezhik,
Meret-sai);
Urbanism (Shiryk-Rabat, Babysh-Mulla, Kulan,
Tuzusai, Kok-Mardan, Zhetyasar );
Monumental and decorative art (“animal style”)
7. The Tagisken complex (northern part - IX-V BC, Kyzylorda region)
Northern group –mausoleums or
temples, southern –
saka’s mounds;
11 adobe burial
buildings, are
focused by walls
over parts of the
world
8. Northern Tagisken
9. Plans of Tagisken’s temples of Sun
The biggest templewith round plan
(diameter 25 m, height
16 m)
The biggest temple
with square plan
(18x18 m) has two
entered cylinder walls
inside (diameter 14 and
10,8 m);
Enter doors are on the
eastern side
10.
11. Reconstruction of Tagisken temples (by S.P. Tolstov)
12. Northern Tagisken. General characteristics
Wall thickness – 2m and more;Additional wooden constructions –probably,
for cremation ritual;
Using of module system by M.S. Bulatov);
Planning compositions - entered circles and
squares;
Alleged overlapping in the form of the
pyramidal truncated tent with an antiaircraft
opening
13. Mausoleum of the Balandy-2, IV BC
Aral area, river Inkar-daryavalley;
Construction from an adobe
brick, with a diameter of 16 m,
more than 6 m high;
The temple had false dome
overlapping (laid out by a laying
blousing) with the diameter of
5,5 m;
The laying of a dome and the
arches of the lateral rooms which
are structurally extinguishing
force of a thrust of the central
overlapping begins with height of
1,5 m.
14.
15. Tasmola culture (VII-I BC)
Unique complexes of barrows with stone ridges(moustaches);
Complex basis – a big barrow with a soil hole of an
oval form, near it (from East side) a small barrow with
burial of a horse and a clay vessel;
From barrows in east direction 2 bow-shaped stone
ridges (usually with a length up to 200-300 m) from
stone boxes or columns which came to the end with
barrows with traces funeral fire were built;
The ceremony of sacrifice of a horse is connected with
a solar cult.
16. Tasmola burial ground
17. "Barrow with moustaches". Korpetay mountains
"Barrow with moustaches".Korpetay mountains
18. Tuolagai and Malaysara barrows
Complex of Tuolagaibarrow (the Central
Kazakhstan): width
110,5m, length 190m;
Complex of
Malaysary barrows
(in 142 km to the west
from Almaty): width
80m, length 180m.
19. Complex Dykyltas (III-II BC, Tupkaragan district, West Kazakhstan Region)
20.
21.
22. Sanctuaries – ritual platforms
Meret-say (V-III BC)Tubezhik (IV-II BC)
23. Issyk Barrow, V-IV BC
Barrows of a complex – 6-12 m high, with a diameter of60-100 m;
The funeral camera (2,9х1,5 m) is cut down from logs of a
tyan-shyan’s fir-tree, a floor – board, overlapping – a
timbered flooring;
More than 4000 golden subjects
24. Silver bowl with letters. Issyk Barrow
25. Besshatyr complex, VII-VI BC (valley of river. Ili, natural boundary Shylbyr).
Consists of 31 barrows;The big barrow with a
diameter of 104 m, 17
m high, is surrounded
with stone shaft;
Round a barrow –
located the spiral of
chain of Menhirs
26. Besshatyr. Timbered camera
27. Besshatyr. Sections and plans of barrows
The embankment from astone and rubble had a
trapeze form in a section;
From East side there was
a corridor-dromos;
Under barrows at a depth
of 2 m the system of the
underpasses consisting of
the main course and
lateral branches, with a
general extent of 55 m is
found.
28. Megaliths of Besshatyr and Issyk complexes
29. Reconstruction of a suit of the Sarmatian leader
Itis found in burial of a
barrow of Araltobe (Ic. BC
– Ic. AD; Zhylyoy district
of the Atyrau Region)
The
gold plaques
decorating an armor of the
leader, staff fragments
(asatayaq), remains of 2
sacrificed horses and eagle,
clay jugs were found
30. Barrow Arzhan (Republic of Tyva) and types of barrows of Central Asia
31. Aybas-Darasy fencing barrow
32. Sanctuary Kyzyluyik (V c. BC – II c. AD; Aktyubinsk Region)
The central temple – roundin the plan (diameter of
21m, height 10-12m);
The internal space
(diameter 7m) is
surrounded with a ring wall
thickness 6,5-7m;
To the South and the East
from the temple there are
ranks and groups of
anthropomorphous
sculptures.