Множественное число существительных

1.

Mosicheva L.V.

2.

3. Множественное число существительных.

Чтобы множественное число
образовать
Надо к существительному –s
добавлять.
Если же существительное на
свистящие
Или шипящие, и, о кончаются
Тогда уже ни –s, а –es
прибавляются.

4. Существительные, которые употребляются только в единственном числе.

Luck, work, time,
fruit, fun, money,
weather, furniture,
progress, news, advise
and information,
knowledge, scenery,
success.
is

5. Существительные, которые употребляются только во множественном числе.

Clothes,
goods trousers,
jeans, scissors,
glasses.
are

6. Future Indefinite.

Мы сегодня с вами учим
Правило про время Future
После we и после I
Shall писать не забывай.
После it, they, you, she, he,
Слово will всегда мы пишем
Всегда здесь в форме основной
Глагол мы ставим смысловой.

7. Степени сравнения прилагательных.

Правило запомним мигом
Образец один для всех
Big – большой, побольше – bigger и the biggest – больше всех
Исключений ровно три,
Не забудь про них, смотри
Good – better и the best
Выучи в один присест
И, конечно, очень просим
Much и many – more – the most.
Bad трудней чуть-чуть,
Но может
Worse – worst запомнить тоже.

8. Present Continuous.

В Present Continuous глагол не один
Главный глагол с суффиксом –ing
(я) I am
А перед ним стоит обязательно
To be – глагол вспомогательный
(ты) you are
Вот что должно у тебя получится
(он) he is
Я читаю - I am reading.
(она) she is
Ты читаешь - you are reading.
Так и дальше ты спрягай
И «пятёрки» получай.
ing
ing
ing

9. Present Indefinite.

В Present Indefinite после he и she
Букву –s всегда пиши
В отрицании и в вопросе
Do и does поставить просим
To be, to have, и must и can
Do и does не требуют совсем.

10.

11. Множественное число существительных. Существительное + (e)s.

[s]
[z]
[iz]
books
boys
houses
stamps
dogs
boxes
cats
pens
brushes
НО! Potatoes, tomatoes, pianos.

12. ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ.

a man – men
a woman – women
a foot – feet
a tooth – teeth
a goose – geese
a mouse – mice
a child – children
an ox - oxen

13. Притяжательные падежи существительных.

единственное число
множественное число
is
‘
boy’s dog
Kate’s doll
boys’ dog
students’ book
множеств. число(исключения)
‘s
children’s room
men’s hats

14. МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ.

личные
имен.п.
объектн. п
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
притяжательные
Относительн.
форма
Абсолют.
форма
возвратные
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their
Mine
Your
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves

15. Неопределённые местоимения some/any и их производные.

some
any
something
thing
(для неодушевлённых)
nothing
no
every
some
any
anything
everything
body/one
(для одушевлённых)
no
somebody - someone
anybody - anyone
nobody – no one
every
everybody - everyone

16. Количественные местоимения.

There is …
much
(a) little
snow, water
How much…is there?
Неисчисляемые сущ.
много
a lot of…
мало
There are …
many
(a) few
books, apples
How many…are there?
Исчисляемые сущ.

17. Числительные.

1
2
3
4
thir
11 12 13 14
5
6
7
8
9
10
fif
15 16 17
18 19 20
eleven twelve
+teen
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ten
thir
fif
+ty

18.

Порядковые числительные.
1ый
2ой
3ий
first
the
(1st)
second (2nd)
third
(3d)
the 4+th

19. Время.

o’clock
12
to
a quarter to
past
3
9
a quarter past
past
to
6
half
past

20. Предлоги места и направления.

in
to
from
into
round
continents
countries
away
in
on
under
out of
along
states
cities/towns onto
streets
across
off
above
below
by
at
Moscow
towards
over
through

21.

next to
(рядом с…)
near
among
(среди многих)
between
(среди 2х предметов)
on the left
on the right
behind
up
in front of
past
down

22. Предлоги времени.

hours
at
at 2 p.m
days
on
on Monday
date
months
seasons
years
centuries
in
on the 1
st
of May
in May
in summer
in 1996
in the 20 th century

23.

in
for
a week
2 days
a month
a year
since 1998
after – после
before – перед, до
by 9 p.m – к 9 часам
during – во время
from…till – с … до…

24. Степени сравнения прилагательных.

1.Односложные и некоторые двусложные.
cold
hot
happy
-
+er
colder
hotter
happier
+est
the coldest
the hottest
the happiest

25.

2.
многосложные
interesting – more interesting – the most interesting
beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful

26.

3.
исключения
good – better – the best
bad – worse – the worst
many
much
more
the most
little – less – the least

27. Глагол to be (быть).

am
is
are
?
.
am
is
are
am
is
are
…?
not
.

28. Глагол to have (имеешь, обладать).

have
.
has
?
have
?
has
have
has
not
…

29. English Tenses.

present
simple
progressive
perfect
perfect progressive
факт, результат длящееся действие завершенное действ действ. длящееся…
have V
am
3
have been V-ing
V 1 / V(e)s
is V-ing
has
has
are
? do
V ?
have
?
does
V3 ?
? have
been V-ing?
am
has
? is
has
V-ing ?
do not V
are
1
have not V
have not been V-ing
does
am
3
has
has
is not V-ing
are
past
V 2 / V ed
? did
V?
did not V 1
was V-ing
were
was
?
V-ing ?
were
was not V-ing
were
had V ed / V 3
? had
V ed / V 3 ?
had not V ed / V 3
had been V-ing
? had
been V-ing
had not been V-ing

30.

future
shall
V1
will
shall
?
V1 ?
will
shall not V 1
will
V
1
shall
be V-ing
will
shall
?
be V-ing?
will
shall not be V-ing
will
be V-ing
shall
shall have V
will have beenV-ing
3
will
shall have been
shall
V
?
have 3 ? will
V-ing
will
shall not haveV
3
will
shall
not have been
will
V-ing
have V3 have been
V-ing

31. The Passive Voice (to be + V3). by…(кем), with…(чем)

simple
present
am
is
are
V3
past
was/were V3
future
shall/will be V3
be + V3
progressive
am
is
are
being V3
was/were being V3
perfect
have/has been V3
had been V3
shall/will have been
V3
be being V3
have been V3

32. Условные предложения.

тип
условие
время
событий
I
real
future
II
unreal
present,
future
III
unreal
past
структура предложений
If
If
If
V ,
V2 ,
had V3 …,
will V1 …
would V1 …
would have V3
примеры
If I have time, I’ll
go for a walk.
If I had time, I
would go for a
walk.
To be – were
If I were you, I
would…
If I had had time,
I’d have gone for a
walk.

33. Косвенная речь и согласование времени. Reported Speech.

Просьба, приказание.
asked
told
offered
ordered
(not) to V1
Утвердительные предложения.
said/answered
told/knew
though
replied
warned
denied
(that)
+
согласование
времени

34.

Вопросительные предложения.
asked
wondered
if/whether
what/which/
when
where/why
+
who
согласование
времени

35. Сослагательное наклонение в придаточных предложениях.

1. После глагола wish.
Subjunctive Mood I (настоящее).
wish
V2/Ved
I wish you were with me. Как жаль, что тебя нет со мной.
I wish I lived in Atlanta. Как бы мне хотелось жить в Атланте.
Subjunctive II (прошлое).
wish
had V3
I wish you had been with me. Как жаль, что тебя не было со мной.
I wish I had known it before. Жаль, что я не знала этого раньше.

36.

2. Другие случаи употребления Subjunctive (I).
1)
suggest
demand
order
insist
2)
It is
necessary
important
strange
funny
interesting
that
that
(should) V1
(should) V1

37. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

Глагол
Present
must
to have to
должен (в силу
обстоятельств)
=
to be to
должен(по
договорённос
ти)
should
следует (совет,
рекомендация)
Future
must
должен, надо,
необходимо
=
Past
have
has
?
do
does
am
is
are
had to
to
have to
to
should
? did
was
were
have to
to
should have V3
(следовало что
- то сделать)
will have to

38.

ought to -
ought to
следует(по
закону,
моральный долг)
need
необходимо
needn’t
(нет необходимости)
can
can
(могу, умею)
=
to be able to…
быть в
состоянии, что
либо делать
am
is
are
able to
ought to have V3
(следовало что –
то сделать)
needn’t have V3
(не следовало что –
то делать)
could
was
were
able to
will be able to

39.

may
may
(могу, имею,
разрешение)
=
to be allowed to
am
is
are
allowed to
might
(употребляется в
косвенной речи)
was
were
allowed to
will be allowed to

40. Модальные глаголы для выражения степени вероятности в прошлом.

must have V3
People must have lived
Должно быть, люди
(должно быть)
in Siberia in prehistoric
times.
may/might have V3
People may/might have
lived in Siberia in
Вероятно, люди жили в
People can/could have
lived in Siberia in
Возможно, люди жили в
People can’t/couldn’t
have lived in Siberia in
Не может быть, чтобы
(вероятно)
can/could have V3
(возможно)
can’t/couldn’t have V3
(не может быть)
prehistoric times.
prehistoric times.
prehistoric times.
жили в Сибири в
доисторическое время.
Сибири в
доисторическое время.
Сибири в
доисторическое время.
люди жили в Сибири в
доисторическое время.
99%
50%
25%
0%

41. The Infinitive.

1. форма (4+2)
simple
Active
to make
Passive
to be made
progressive
to be making
to
pres.perfect
to have made
to have been
making
to have been
made
2. Употребляется без to.
can
must
may
should
needn’t
perfect
go

42.

3. Конструкции с инфинитивом.
Complex Object (сложное дополнение).
a)
b)
want
would like
expect
Olga
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
see
watch
notice
hear
feel
let/make
to go
Olga
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
to go
(going)
go

43.

Complex Subject (сложное подлежащее).
said
be a good doctor
known
is/are
know English well
supposed
was/were
come on a visit
reported
to play tennis well
expected
Kafelnikov is known to play tennis well.
She is said to be a good doctor.
Yuri Gagarin is known to have been the first cosmonaut.
to
For – Construction.
It is (was)
easy
difficult
interesting
time
for
Olga
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
to
learn English
speak French
go home

44. Наречия.

Образование:
quickly
slow
badly
+ ly
coldly
politely
Степени сравнения.
положительная
fast
often
slowly
badly
well
little
much
far
сравнительная
faster
more often
more slowly
ЗАПОМНИ!
worse
better
less
more
farther, further
превосходная
fastest
most often
most slowly
worst
best
least
most
farthest, furthest

45. Remember!

1.hard – усердный
hard - усердно
hardly – едва, с трудом
2. late - поздний
late - поздно
lately – в последнее время
3. near - близкий
near - близко
nearly – почти
4. high - высокий
high - высоко
highly – очень, чрезвычайно