Relative clauses. Придаточные определительные

1. Придаточные определительные

Relative clauses

2. Относительные местоимения

люди
предметы/животные принадлежность
who/that
which/that
whose

3.

The girl – she lives next door – is from India.
The girl who/that lives next door is from India
The horse – it won the race – is black.
The horse which/that won the race is black.
That’s the man – his car was stolen.
That’s the man whose car was stolen.
That’s the bag – its strap is broken.
That’s the bag whose strap is broken.

4. Относительные местоимения в роли дополнения

That’s the hat. I bought it last week.
That’s the hat (which/that) I bought las week.

5. Относительные местоимения в роли подлежащего

I met a girl. She is from Japan.
I met a girl who/that is from Japan.

6. Относительные местоимения и предлоги

The reception to which we went was held at a
hotel. (официальный стиль – необычная
структура)
The café which/that we usually go to is near our
house. (обычная структура)
The café we usually go to is near our house.
(разговорный стиль)

7. Союзные слова

место
время
причина
where
when
why

8.

It is a tennis court. We play tennis here.
A tennis court is a place where we play tennis.
We went on a cruise. It was in 1996.
1996 was the year when we went on a cruise.
He had a fight with his best fiend. He is sad now.
He had a fight with his best friend, that’s why he is sad.

9.

Defining
Non-defining
Несут дополнительную
информацию
Выделяются запятыми
Местоимения who/which не могут
быть опущены. Не заменяются
местоимением that
Mr. Stevenson is my neighbour.
People who/that drive dangerously
risk their lives.
Mr. Stevenson, who used to work in
a bank, is my neighbour.
The book was exciting. (?)
My car is a Fiat Uno.
The book (which/that) you lent me
was exciting.
My car, which I bought 5 years ago,
is a Fiat Uno.
Несут существенную информацию
Не выделяются запятыми
Местоимения who/which/that
могут быть опущены, если
выполняют роль дополнения
People risk their lives. (?)