Indicators of productivity of cows of the black-pestro breed during use in rations organic chrome

1. INDICATORS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF THE BLACK-PESTRO BREED DURING USE IN RATIONS ORGANIC CHROME

Lomaeva Anetta Alexandrovna
06.02.10 – private animal husbandry, technology
production of livestock products
Izhevsk agricultural Academy
Ust ' -Kinel 2018

2.

PURPOSE
comprehensive study of cow
productivity indicators against the
background of the use of
chromium-containing additives of
organic form (chromium
propionate, chromium acetate) in
their diets

3.

Tasks:
to study the effect of the use of chromium propionate
in the diets of cows on productivity indicators;
to
pick
up
analogue
chromium-containing
supplements organic forms, to carry out laboratory
experiments on studying the safety of supplements on
white mice;
to conduct a comparative study of the impact of
various chromium-containing additives of organic form
in the diets of cows on productive, reproductive and
interior performance;
to study the dependence of cow productivity
indicators on the dose of chromium acetate feeding;
to conduct an economic assessment of the feasibility
of using chromium-containing additives in the diets of
cows.

4.

Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of
"Educational farm July Izhevsk state agricultural
Academy" Votkinsk region of the Udmurt Republic on highly
productive cows of black and white breed. Three series of
experiments were conducted.
In the first series of experiments investigated the use of
chromium propionate (Kemin Centres company) in feeding of
highly productive cows.
The dose of chromium propionate in the diets of cows was
established on the recommendations of the additive
manufacturer taking into account modern developments in the
regulation of chromium in the diets of cattle.
Groups were formed to conduct research using the method of
analogues. The animals were selected three weeks before the
planned calving.

5.

Table 1 - Milk productivity and quality characteristics of milk of
cows for the first 100 days of lactation
Requirement of
technical
regulations of
the customs
Union
Group
control
experimental
n=10
n=10
-
2105±51,33
2288±55,16*
not less 2,8
3,95±0,06
3,88±0,09
-
83,15±3,07
88,77±2,74
Milk protein, %
not less 2,8
3,07±0,02
3,1±0,01
Amount of milk protein, kg
Dry skimmed milk residue, %
Density, kg/m3
Calcium content, mg%
Content of vitamin С, mg
Rennet – fermentation sample,
group
Thermal stability, group
not less 8,2
1027–1028
-
63,36±2,59
8,22±0,02
1027,12±0,35
124,58±4,82
16,33±1,83
68,41±2,66
8,23±0,09
1027,55±0,47
128,2±5,16
19,75±2,99
-
2,01±0,04
2,01±0,03
–
1,9±0,31
1,84±0,27
Parameter
Milk yield, kg
Fat content, %
Amount of milk fat, kg

6.

Table 2 - Dairy productivity of cows for 305 days of the finished
lactation
Group
Parameter
Milk yield, kg
Fat content, %
Amount of milk fat, kg
Milk protein, %
Amount of milk protein, kg
Milk yield in terms of
standard fat and protein
content, kg
control
experimental
n=10
n=10
5174,1±262,7
5447,4±305,6
4,34±0,13
4,38±0,11
224,56±34,25
238,6±41,17
3,07±0,02
3,11±0,04
158,84±23,31
169,41±19,64
5949,71
6332,34

7.

Table 3 – Calving and postpartum period
Parameter
Group
control
experimental
Pathology at the calving, cow
4
2
Detention of an afterbirth, cow
5
3
residue extraction:
duration
10 –14 days, cow
7
9
>14 days, cow
3
1

8.

Table 4 – reproductive performance
Group
Parameter
control
experimental
Multiplicity of insemination
1,65±0,54
1,34±0,21
Duration of service period,
days
141,3±6,8
123,0±5,16*

9.

For the second series of experiments at the Department of
chemistry of the Izhevsk agricultural Academy was
obtained chromium acetate. The safety of the Supplement
has been tested on laboratory animals (white mice).
Chromium acetate
Reductant:
molasses
method of feeding:
in a mixture with
concentrated feeds
The chromium concentration in terms
of metal
20mg/ml
The concentration of chromium in
terms of propionate
53mg/ml
Chromium acetate→
the increase of insulin activity →
increased glucose metabolism →
increased energy use of feed →
increase milk production

10.

Laboratory
research

11.

Table 5 - Milk productivity and quality characteristics of milk of
cows for the first 100 days of lactation
Parameter
Requirement of
technical
regulations of
the customs
Union
control
Group
I
II
experimental experimental
n=10
n=10
n=10
not less 2,8
2551±
41,36
3,91±0,1
2815±
55,13**
3,94±0,07
2742±
37,29**
3,90±0,06
-
99,74±4,28
110,9±3,79
106,9±2,81
not less 2,8
3,11±0,01
3,15±0,03
3,2±0,04*
-
79,33±5,62
87,27±2,17
88,02±3,57
Dry skimmed milk residue, %
not less 8,2
8,23±0,02
8,23±0,07
8,24±0,03
Density, kg/m3
1027–1028
1028,03±
0,17
1027,55±
0,25
1027,87±
0,31
Calcium content, mg%
–
19,35±5,64
19,16±4,28
19,67±6,77
Content of vitamin С, mg
Rennet – fermentation sample,
group
Thermal stability, group
–
115,2±1,29
127,5±7,16
122,2±5,27
–
2,01±0,07
2,03±0,02
2,08±0,02
–
1,74±0,47
1,82±0,19
1,69±0,28
Milk yield, kg
Fat content, %
Amount of milk fat, kg
Milk protein, %
Amount of milk protein, kg
–

12.

Таблица 6 – Молочная продуктивность коров за 305 дней
лактации
Group
Parameter
Milk yield, kg
Fat content, %
control
I experimental
II experimental
n=10
n=10
n=10
6105±211,33
6528±305,16*
6473±292,9*
3,92±0,06
3,88±0,09
4,02±0,12
239,32±13,07
253,3±12,74
260,21±12,8
3,02±0,02
2,99±0,01
3,0±0,01
184,37±12,59
195,18±12,66
194,19±12,34
6592,2
6977,92
7063,2
Amount of milk fat, kg
Milk protein, %
Amount of milk protein, kg
Milk yield in terms of
standard fat and protein
content, kg

13.

Table 7 – Biochemical indicators of blood of cows
Group
Parameter
Norm
control
I experimental
II experimental
Total protein, g/l
72,0–86,0
71,16±1,95
78,78±2,37*
74,12±1,4
Albumins, g/l
27,3–43,0
32,96±1,28
34,7±3,21
35,0±2,87
Glucose, mmol/l
2,2–3,9
2,25±0,15
2,94±0,29*
2,78±0,19*
Calcium, mmol/l
2,5–3,13
2,37±0,07
2,48±0,09
2,41±0,09
Phosphorus, mmol/l
1,45–1,94
1,98±0,09
1,93±0,17
1,92±0,11
Cholesterol, mmol/l
3,0–6,6
4,02±0,26
4,99±0,67
5,35±0,81
18,0–
153,0
107,1±6,59
48,8±4,37
82,92±7,18
3,3–6,7
3,16±0,13
3,25±0,24
3,6±0,3
Creatinine, µmol/l
39,6–57,2
76,43±1,47
75,05±1,29
70,2±1,31
ASAT, u/l
ALAT, u/l
69,0–73,8
24,4–28,8
89,17±3,64
25,03±2,33
73,7±2,84
28,35±1,77
68,84±3,02
29,08±1,48
Alkaline phosphatase,
u/l
Urea, mmol/l

14.

Table 8 – Calving and postpartum period
Group
Parameter
Pathology at the calving,
cow
Detention of an afterbirth,
cow
residue extraction:
duration
10 –14 days, cow
>14 days, cow
control
I experimental
II experimental
5
3
2
3
2
2
4
6
5
6
4
5

15.

Table 9 – Reproductive performance
Group
Parameter
control
I experimental
II experimental
Pathology at the calving,
cow
2,15±0,23
2,03±0,14
2,07±0,21
Detention of an afterbirth,
cow
147,6±6,3
127,0±7,5*
133,3±6,2

16.

Table 10 - Milk productivity and quality characteristics of milk of cows for the first 100 days of
lactation
лактации
Requirement
Group
Parameter
Milk yield, kg
Fat content, %
Amount of milk fat, kg
Milk protein, %
of technical
regulations
of the
customs
Union
control
n=8
II
III
IV
I
experimenta experiment experiment
experimental
l
al
al
n=8
n=8
n=8
n=8
2289±55,16
2233±32,81* 2205±41,28
2215±35,87
*
–
2105±51,33
not less 2,8
3,95±0,06
3,92±0,09
3,97±0,18
4,08±0,12
3,87±0,08
-
83,15±3,07
87,53±2,74
86,74±4.25
93,39±2,8*
85,72±3,2
not less 2,8
3,02±0,02
2,99±0,01
2,94±0,02
3,0±0,01
2,99±0,01
63,36±2,59
66,76±2,66
64,24±2,05
8,21±0,04
8,22±0,11
8,3±0,02
Amount of milk protein,
kg
Dry skimmed milk
not less 8,2
residue, %
68,67±2,34 66,23±1,89
8,19±0,06
8,21±0,13
1027–1028
1027,84±0,4
7
1028,07±0,3 1027,53±0,3 1027,44±0, 1027,16±0,
3
1
27
28
Calcium content, mg%
–
17,14±2,34
18,76±2,38
16,84±1,85
18,05±2,29 17,33±2,18
Content of vitamin С,
mg
–
127,27±5,16
128,3±4,85
127,37±3,87
128,97±4,1
8
126,2±7,2
Rennet – fermentation
sample, group
–
2,02±0,12
2,0±0,04
2,08±0,04
2,0±0,08
2,04±0,09
Thermal
stability,
group
Примечание:
*Р≥0,95
–
2,05±0,26
1,96±0,24
2,02±0,31
1,85±0,3
1,81±0,25
Density, kg/m3

17.

Table 11 - Dairy productivity of cows for 305 days of the finished
lactation
Group
Parameter
control
I
II
III
IV
experimental experimental experimental experimental
n=8
n=8
n=8
n=8
n=8
6005±
295,1
6479±
241,62
6401±
184,27
6503±
265,37
6173±
294,51
4,1±0,04
4,05±0,07
4,12±0,02
4,2±0,03
4,18±0,04
246,2±
21,6
262,4±
18,24
263,72±
19,8
273,13±
22,1
258,03±
19,8
3,13±0,04
3,15±0,02
3,21±0,05
3,09±0,03
3,11±0,04
Amount of milk protein, kg
187,96±
10,32
204,1±
19,03
205,47±
10,03
200,94±
13,25
191,99±
17,57
Milk yield in terms of
standard fat and protein
content, kg
6753,27
7260,29
7302,79
7365,60
6994,25
Milk yield, kg
Fat content, %
Amount of milk fat, kg
Milk protein, %

18.

Table 12 – Biochemical indicators of blood of cows
Group
Parameter
Norm
control
Total protein, g/l
I
experimen
tal
72,43±1,4
4
34,81±2,5
4
II
experiment
al
III
experiment
al
IV
experiment
al
71,85±1,28
72,22±1,34
72,87±1,33
32,22±2,24
33,32±1,98
31,71±0,94
72-86
67,76±1,74
27,3-43,0
33,24±0,76
Glucose, mmol/l
2,5-4,1
2,81±0,16
3,59±0,31*
2,97±0,24
3,65±0,28*
3,68±0,41
Calcium, mmol/l
2,5-3,13
2,31±0,04
2,5±0,04
2,48±0,04
2,62±0,03
2,41±0,02
Phosphorus, mmol/l
1,45-1,94
1,92±0,15
1,93±0,13
1,94±0,15
1,96±0,09
1,97±0,08
Cholesterol, mmol/l
Alkaline
phosphatase, u/l
Urea, mmol/l
1,30-4,42
4,43±0,35
4,02±0,41
4,68±1,05
3,94±0,71
4,08±0,57
17,5-152,7
135,79±7,78
144,40±7,
110,22±13,0 132,24±6,8
1
140,9±8,3
3,3-6,7
4,0±0,45
4,10±0,23
Creatinine, µmol/l
39,6-57,2
51,19±1,78
ASAT, u/l
45,3-110,2
84,39±3,73
ALAT, u/l
6,9-35,3
28,64±4,31
Albumins, g/l
Note : *Р≥0,95
52,48±2,4
0
81,25±3,5
0
25,37±2,3
4
3,7±0,05
5,9±0,18
5,1±0,13
53,17±2,54
48,39±2,05
50,32±4,51
80,64±5,2
79,96±4,21
80,7±3,92
25,44±3,23
26,17±2,35
27,16±3,55

19.

Table 13 – Calving and postpartum period
Group
Parameter
Pathology at the calving, cow
Detention of an afterbirth,
cow
residue extraction:
duration
10 –14 days, cow
>14 days, cow
control
I
II
III
IV
4
2
3
2
3
5
2
4
2
3
2
4
4
5
4
6
4
4
3
4

20.

Table 14 – Reproductive performance
Group
Parameter
control
Multiplicity
insemination
Duration
of
period, days
of
service
I
II
III
IV
experiment experiment experiment experiment
al
al
al
al
1,93±0,33
1,37±0,15
1,75±0,25
1,41±0,21
1,78±0,24
129,6±8,1
107,2±8,6
115,6±7,4
108,3±5,3*
119,2±7,2

21.

Table 15 – Economic assessment of the use of different levels of
chromium acetate in cow diets
6005
4,1
3,13
I
experimental
6479
4,05
3,15
Group
II
experimental
6401
4,12
3,21
III
experimental
6503
4,2
3,09
IV
experimental
6173
4,18
3,11
Milk yield in terms of standard fat (3,4) and
protein (3) content, kg
6788,6
7450,8
7302,79
7365,6
6994,2
Duration of service period, days
129,6
107,2
115,6
108,3
119,2
–
575
58
66,7
75,4
117041,1
117616,1
117099,1
117107,1
117116,1
17,33
16,20
16,03
15,90
16,74
22
22
22
22
22
Revenue from the sale of milk, rubles
148571,9
159726,4
160661,4
162043,2
153873,5
Profit (loss) per 1 cow, rubles
31530,83
42110,27
43562,27
44936,09
36757,39
Level of profitability, %
26,94
35,80
37,20
38,37
31,39
Fertility rate
0,31
0,16
0,22
0,17
0,24
Losses of milk per 1 cow, kg
-924,31
-485,35
-669,90
-511,15
-741,02
Profit (loss) per 1 cow, thousand rubles
-20,334
-10,677
-14,737
-11,245
-16,302
Parameter
Milk yield for 305 days of lactation, kg
Fat content, %
Milk protein, %
The cost of the drug, rubles
Total cost of production, rubles
Cost of 1 kg of milk, rubles
Selling price of 1 kg of milk, rubles
control

22.

Conclusion
The use of chromium propionate in the diets of heifers three weeks before calving and cows in the
first 100 days of lactation at a dose of 10 mg per head per day (in terms of chromium) increases milk
yield for the first 100 days of lactation by 8.7%, reduces the number of pathological births, reduces
the duration of the service period by 18.3 days, normalizes blood glucose by 0.97 mmol/l.
An analogue of the imported drug (chromium acetate) by reducing hexavalent chromium (SG+6) in
trivalent (SG+3) molasses in the presence of acetic acid. Molasses is chosen as a reducing agent,
as the most affordable and cost-effective source. Laboratory experiments on mice showed the
safety of the obtained additive in dosages of 0.1; 0.15 and 0.25 ml.
A comparative study of the use of chromium propionate and acetate showed that the effect on the
performance, reproduction and blood biochemistry of the studied additives have the same effect.
Milk yield for 100 and 305 days of lactation increased by 7.5-10.3% and 6.0-7.0%, respectively,
reduced the duration of the service period by 14-20 days. The best results were obtained using
chromium propionate.
Determination of the optimal dose of chromium acetate was carried out in comparison with
animals receiving the main diet and with analogues receiving chromium propionate. It was found
that cows receiving Chromium acetate with an increased level of trace elements in the diet (in terms
of chromium 11.5 mg) increased milk yield for the first 100 days of lactation by 10.8% compared to
the control group, while fat content in milk increased by 0.13% compared to the control group and
by 0.16% compared to analogues receiving chromium propionate. Similar results were obtained for
305 days of lactation: milk yield increased by 8.3 %, Fat content by 0.1 %. The improvement of
reproduction indicators was noted: the multiplicity of insemination decreased by 0.52, the duration of
the service period decreased by 21.3 days.
The use of chromium acetate in the optimal dosage can increase the level of profitability by
11.43%. Improving the reproductive qualities contributes to the reduction of the coefficient's
barrenness, loss of milk per 1 cow to 47% and to reduce the loss on 9089 rubles. Production testing
confirmed the results.

23.

Production proposal
To increase milk productivity, improve the
reproductive qualities of cows, as well as improve
the economic performance of milk production, enter
into the diet of Chromium acetate in the amount of
0.575 ml per head per day (in terms of chromium
11.5 mg) three weeks before the planned calving
and in the first three months of lactation.

24.

Prospects for further development of the
topic
The results of the studies have prospects, both in
scientific and practical terms, and confirm the need
for further study of the effectiveness of the use of
chromium acetate in the diets of feeding cattle of
different age groups. Of great scientific interest is
the study of the effect of organic chromium
additives in the diets of cows on the digestibility and
absorption of feed nutrients.