Investigation, of the use of planetary-circular gears in machine. Tool drives

1.

INVESTIGATION OF
THE USE OF
PLANETARY-CIRCULAR
GEARS IN MACHINE
TOOL DRIVES

2.

The modernization of the CNC machine is
usually associated with the replacement of
the CNC system. After replacing the CNC
device, the user would like to get a modern
machine that is superior to the old in terms
of performance and reliability.
But the reliability of the machine is
unlikely to increase if it has left the old
drives, the measuring system and the
devices of electroautomatics. A significant
increase in reliability can be expected only
when new drives are installed along with
the CNC

3.

Turning-rotary double-stand
machine mod. 1А563F4 is
equipped with an outdated CNC
system. It is made on an outdated
element base and has long been
discontinued, the search for
accessories for it is a big problem
and it does not take into account
its limited capabilities, low
reliability and moral aging.

4.

When installing modern CNC systems and modernized drive mechanisms of the machine
tools, the following benefits are achieved:
- increasing the reliability of the machine;
- production of parts with given precise parameters;
- increase of productivity and convenience of work;
- expansion of technological possibilities for work with modern cutting tools;
- improvement of maintenance;
- the ability to diagnose, assemble and install control programs from a remote computer;
- turning the machine into a single computer network to control its loading and
downtime.

5.

As a gutter for the study, consider a
multipurpose turning carousel double-stand
machine. 1А563F4. The machine tool is
intended for roughing and finishing of steel and
cast iron parts, products made of non-ferrous
metals and their alloys. On the machine you
can perform the following technological
operations:
-processing of internal, external, end surfaces
of rotation of a simple and complex form
(cylinder, cone, sphere, etc.);
-cutting of screws or screw grooves on surfaces;
-processing of coaxial axes of rotation of the
faceplate (cylinder, cone, end face);
-mixing of complex surfaces;
- drilling, boring, winding, deployment and
cutting of chains in the openings, co-axis of
rotation of the milling spindle.

6.

The most important trend in the design of
high-tech products of modern production:
aircraft, modern CNC machines, power
plants, is the use of high-precision
reducers, which are one of the types of
mechatronic modules. Their application
has a significant impact on ensuring high
output technical and economic
performance of the whole product.

7.

Along with the common industrial
cylindrical, cylindrical-conical gearboxes
are becoming increasingly relevant
gearboxes based on planetary, cycloid,
treadmill and wave transmissions.
The application of these gearboxes is due
to the combination of compactness, high
power, high accuracy, durability and
reliability. Planetary-сircular reducers
allow reaching transmission numbers for
one transmission up to 191.

8.

The epicycloidal coupling embodied in them has a high efficiency of 0.98. At
the same time, in the involvement involved up to 50% of the teeth involved,
and in the emblem - no more than four. This definitely contributes to a
significant increase in smoothness of the course, reduction of loads on the
tooth, the possibility of a significant increase in the load of the gearbox,
minimizing the backlash. Specific mass of planetary-gear drives with
epicycloidal coupling up to seven times less than the immovable planetary
gearboxes.

9.

In a planetary gearbox, the concentrated
rotation of the input shaft with the
eccentric provides eccentric rotation of the
satellites installed on these eccentrics. The
peculiarity of this gear, in addition to the
profile of the teeth, is the location of the
tread casing and the condition for the
routing of the satellites according to these
treads - the role of treadings in modern
gearboxes is performed by rollers. The
output flange, as well as the input, carries
out a concentric movement. In this case,
the gear unit is attached to the executive
unit of the mechatronic module.

10.

So, planetary gear units of general
purpose, having good vibroacoustic,
specific mass-grossing characteristics
realize transmission ratios of 7 to 100 in
one degree, transmission capacity up to
250 kW, torque 10 ... 50,000 Nm.
Good dynamic characteristics, small
moments of inertia of the rotating units
and their low angular velocity (with a large
transmission ratio) provide sufficient speed
of such transmission during transient
processes (start, stop, change of direction
of movement).

11.

Wide introduction to the drives of planetary gear reducers is constrained by
the following: the finishing of the cycloid profile of the tooth in traditional
equipment with high accuracy, the profile of the cutting tool, low sensitivity
to mounting errors, and the change in intermediate distance of the coupling
and the linearity of the rigidity characteristics.
The greatest difficulty is the technological finishing of the cycloidal profile
of the tooth, especially in hardened wheels.

12.

The further development of the production
of planetary gear drives will significantly
expand their application in precision drives
of feeder CNC machines, mechanisms of
launching launchers, drives antennas and
other machines, which will ensure their
further reduction in mass -general
dimensions while maintaining the realized
capacity, increasing the accuracy of
positioning, increasing the technical
resource , reducing vibration and
increasing the efficiency.

13.

14.

First stage:
From the received calculation data, a two-dimensional drawing of a two-stage
planetary gear transmission was constructed (see appendix). The task of which is
to give an understanding of the dimensions and dimensions obtained in the design
process for their further use in 3D modeling.

15.

16.

Second stage:
The purpose of the second stage is to simulate a 3-dimensional model,
which gives more insight into the design of tire wheels and their profile of
engagement. Guided by the data of the used literature and the analysis of
known analogs of tread gears, a prototype gearbox with advanced structural
elements was designed.
In the modeling of solid-state components of the assembly, the CAD-system
of the higher level Autodesk Inventor was used.
At the same time, two features are taken into account:
-The first is due to the presence of an epicycloid profile of the gear wheel;
-The other one is connected with the features of combinations of gearbox
elements.

17.

CAD-model of two-level a planetary-circular сreducer

18.

Third stage:
Using the characteristics of the turning-carousel machine, its drive system, the
electric system, and mass-dimensional indicators and a pre-modeled gearbox, a 3dimensional model of the drive of the feed of the turning servo (see dod) was
designed.
The purpose was to analyze the design of the drive. Get data for further
development of this issue.

19.

Modernized drive of vertical calipers of CNC turning and turning machine 1А563F4