Brainstem. Cerebellum. Reticular formation

1.

V.I.Vernadsky Federal University Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky
Human Anatomy Department ( Head of the Dpt. Prof. S.A. Kutia)
BRAINSTEM. CEREBELLUM.
RETICULAR FORMATION.
II semester
Lecturer: Associate Professor,
Lilia R. Shaymardanova, M.D., Ph.D.

2.

Germany, Max Planck
Institute for Brain Research
The Institute of
neurophysiology, Russian
Academy of Sciences
The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain
Institute, The Johns Hopkins
University
The European Brain
Research Institute in
Rome
The Paul-FlechsigInstitute for Brain
Research , institute of
Leipzig University
Hertie Institute for Clinical
Brain Research

3.

A mistery between your ears…
11 bln neurons,
100 trn synapses
telekinesis
Speed =274 km/ hr
1000 terabites of info
Awaking-10-23
Wt
teleparhy

4.

BRAIN: female versus male
Weight difference 10%
Centers involved

5.

6.

7.

8.

ventral
Telencephalon
1
dorsal
Hemispheria cerebri
cavity
ventriculus
1 et 2
2
Prosencephalon
3
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Pedunculi cerebri,
fossa
interpeduncularis
Pons
Epithalamus,
metathalamus
Tectum
mesencephali
Cerebellum
4
Myelencephalon
Spinal cord
Hypothalamus,
thalamus
Medulla oblongata
ventriculus 3
Aqueductus
cerebri
ventriculus 4

9. DEVELOPMENT

8 week
13 week
28 week

10. DEVELOPMENT

11. Anatomical parts of brain

Brain = brainstem+ cerebellum +forebrain

12.

Plan of description of brain parts
1. The name
2. Development
3. Boundaries
4. External view
- ventral view
- dorsal view
5. Internal structure
- gray matter
- white matter

13.

Brainstem

14.

(MESENCEPHALON)
(PONS)
(MEDULLA OBLONGATA)
= BULBUS CEREBRI

15.

midbrain
pons
Medulla oblongata
Brainstem

16.

External structure of MO

17.

Grey matter of MO

18.

White matter of MO
2 decussations
– Decussatio
lemniscorum
– Decussatio
pyramidalis

19.

External structure of pons

20.

Grey matter of pons

21.

White matter of pons

22.

External structure of midbrain

23.

Grey matter of midbrain

24.

White matter of midbrain

25.

Natural sample of brainstem

26.

General regularities

27.

General reguliarities of internal structure
in brainstem parts
Grey matter
mesence
phalon
Pons
МО
White matter
1. Nuclei of CN 3-4, sensory of CN 5
2. Nuclei of RF
3. Specific nuclei (nuclei of
associative nurons of conductive
tracts)
- substancia grizea
-substancia nigra
-nuclei rubra
1. Nuclei of CN 5-8
2. Nuclei of RF
3. Specific nuclei
- nuclei proprii pontinae
- nuclei dorsales corpus trapezoideum
1. Nuclei of CN 9-12, sensory of CN 5
2. Nuclei of RF
3. Specific nuclei
- nuclei gracilis et cuneatus
-nuclei olivares inferiores
1. Asceending tracts
2. Descending tracts
- Decussations
- Lemniscus

28.

4-th ventricle

29.

4-th ventricle

30.

Rhomboid fossa

31.

Blumenau scheme of rhombois
fossa
abed — rhomboid fossa;
abc — inferior triangle, belongs to MO;
Ьа, bс — inferior cerebellar peduncles;
aе, ес — striae medullares;
beh — trigonum hypoglossi;
bhg — trigonum vagi;
aghf — area acustica

32.

III, IV, VI, XII
V, VII, N. ambiguus, XII
EW, Salivatory, DMN X
V, VII, IX, X
N. Solitary tract
VIII

33.

Regularities of nuclei projection in
rhomboid fossa

34.

Sensory nuclei lateral to sulcus limitans
Motor nuclei medial to sulcus limitans
Visceral nuclei are on either side of sulcus
Innervation of skeletal muscle (GSE & SVE) most
medial
General and special visceral afferent nuclei in same
column

35.

36.

Reticular formation

37.

1-st activating system Conductive tracts
2-nd activating systemReticular activating system (RAS)

38.

Effects of RAS
1. Multiplication of stimuli
2. Amplification of stimuli
3. More generalized answer

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

cerebellum

45.

46.

External structure of cerebellum

47.

48.

Lobules of cerebellum

49.

50.

Layers of cortex in cerebellum

51.

Purkinje fibers with 2D dendritic tree

52. Internal structure of cerebellum (grey and white matter)

53.

Afferent and efferent pathways of
cerebellum
Cerebellum participates
in movements
regulation

54.

Methods of study

55.

Thank you for
attention!