PCR and DNA diagnostics

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PCR AND DNA
DIAGNOSTICS .

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GROUP :- 3 :1:- HARSH SINGH NIRANJAN
2:- ABHISHEK SINGH

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BIOCHEMICAL METHOD:Biochemical analysis techniques refer to a set of methods,
assays, and procedures that enable scientists to analyze the
substances found in living organisms and the chemical
reactions underlying life processes.

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POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to
rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA
sample, allowing scientists to take a very small sample of
DNA and amplify it to a large enough amount to study in
detail.

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TECHNICAL OVERVIEW :Technical overview DNA consists of four
elements: A, C, G and T
DNA molecule :* Double stranded DNA strands.
* Bound together by chemical forces.

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HISTORY OF PCR :*Invented and patented in 1983.
*Revolutionary technique.
*Enzymatic DNA amplification.
*Need two short sequences on the DNA.
* Repetition of 30-35 cycles of three steps.

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PCR CYCLE :-

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The The
polymerase
chain reaction:polymerase chain reaction

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WHAT U NEED FOR PCR:Two short DNA fragment that stick specifically to each of the
DNA strands at some distance of each other Primers
• Can be specific for:°A certain bacterium.
°Bacterial species .
°Genes (e.g., toxin gene).

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WHAT U NEED FOR PCR:Apparatus to perform about temperature procedure
• 95 ° 35 C (denaturation of DNA) .
• 5060 ° cycles of a three C (annealing of primers).
• 72 ° C (extension of the primers).
°Sample (+/target DNA).
° Primers for the specific detection.
° Nucleotides .
°Enzyme.

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PERFORMING PCR :1.Put your tube in the apparatus.
2:- Let the program run ( 35 cycles).
3:- If primers fit, there is amplification of target DNA.
4:- If primers do not fit, no amplification product => the DNA
(microorganism) was not in the sample
5:-Detect if there is PCR product.

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WHAT IS A DNA
FINGERPRINT?
DNA fingerprinting is a
method used to identify an
individual from a sample of
DNA by looking at unique
patterns in their DNA.

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DNA FINGERPRINTING :-

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QUESTIONS :QUS 1:- What is DNA fingerprinting & For
what purpose it is used?
QUS 2:- Describe the steps of PCR ?

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THANK YOU MA’AM