Немного формул. Aminoacids

1.

Aminoacids
Glycine
Alanine
Histidine
Methionine
Glutamine
Lysine
Serine
Leucine
Arginine
Threonine
Cysteine
Isoleucine
Aspartate
Phenylalanine
Proline
Asparagine
Tyrosine
Valine
Glutamate
Tryptophan

2.

Modified aminoacids in proteins
N,N,N-Trimethylalanine
N-Acetylserine
N,N,N-Trimethyllysine
-Carboxyglutamate
N-Phosphohistidine
O-Phosphoserine
5-Hydroxygalactosoglucosyl lysine
Cystine
-Methylarginine
O-Phosphothreonine
N-acetyloglucosyl asparagine
4-Hydroxyproline
3-Methylhistidine
N-Formylmethionine
5-Hydroxylysine
O-Phosphotyrosine
O-linked -N-acetylglucosamine

3.

Non-protein aminoacids
Ornithine
3-cyanoalanine
Se-methyl-seleno
cysteine
Homoserine
Albizziine
S-aminoethyl
cysteine
Homocysteine
Indospicine
Azetidine-2carboxylic acid
Canaline
Citrulline
Canavanine
Azaserine
D-serine
S-Adenosylmethionine

4.

Purine
Urate
5-Hydroxycytosine
Adenine
Guanine
7-Methylguanine
Uracil
Xanthine
Hypoxanthine
Pyrimidine
Orotic acid
Cytosine
Thymine
5-Methylcytosine

5.

Bioactive amines
Adrenaline
-Aminobutyric acid
Dopamine
Tyroxine
Histamine
Glycine
Serotonine
GABA
Adenosine
N-Methyl-D-aspartate
Glutamate
NMDA
Spermine
Spermidine
Melatonin

6.

Bioactive lipids
(Selected)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate
Phosphatidic Acid (PA)
Noladin ether
Ceramide
Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA)
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
PAF
Arachidonate
N-Arachidonoylserine
Plasmalogen
Anandamide (AEA)
N-Arachidonoyldopamine
N-Arachidonoylglycine
Virodhamine

7.

A carbohydrate toolkit - I
Ribose
Mannose
Arabinose
Fucose
Fructose
Sialic Acid
Glucose
Galactose
Glucuronate
Inositol
D-Abequose
L-Rhamnose

8.

Polysaccharides
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chondroitin sulfate
Hyaluronate
Chitin
Dermatan sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Heparin disaccharide
Heparin Pentasaccharide

9.

Di- and more unsaturated fatty acids Toolkit
Linoleate 18:2 D 9,12
(9,12-Octadecadienoic acid)
a-Linolenate 18:3 D 9,12,15
(9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid)
-Linolenate 18:2 D 6,9,12
Meadate 20:3 D 5,8,11
(6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid)
(5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid)
Parinarate 18:4 D 9,11,13,15
Arachidonate 20:4 D 5,8,11,14
(9,11,13,15-Octadecatetraenoic acid)
(5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid)
Timnodonate 20:5 D 5,8,11,14,17
Adrenate 22:3 D 7,10,13,16
(5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid)
(7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid)
Clupanodonate 22:5 D 7,10,13,16,19
Cervonate 22:6 D 4,7,10,13,16,19
(7,10,13,16,19-Docosapentaenoic acid)
(4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid)

10.

Glycerides
Diacylglycerol
Phosphatidic acid
Phosphatidylcholine
Cardiolipin
Triacylglycerol
Lysophosphatidic acid
Phosphatidylinositol

11.

A Saturated fatty acid Toolkit
Laurate 12:0
Dodecanoic acid
Palmitate 16:0
Myristate 14:0
Tetradecanoic acid
Stearate 18:0
Octadecanoic acid
Hexadecanoic acid
Arachidate 20:0
Behenate 22:0
Eicosanoic acid
Docosanoic acid
Lignocerate 24:0
Cerotate 26:0
Tetracosanoic acid
Hexacosanoic acid
Montanate 28:0
Octacosanoic acid

12.

-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Linoleic acid
LA
-Linoleic acid
GLA
Arachidonic acid
AA
Docosapentanoic acid
DPA
Linolenic acid
LNA
Eicosapentaenoic acid
EPA
Docosahexaenoic acid
DHA

13.

Nucleotide second messengers and derivatives
cAMP
8-Bromo-cAMP
cGMP
Dibutyryl-cGMP
-NAADP
Dibutyryl-cAMP
cADP-Ribose
-NAAD
8-Bromo-cADP-Ribose

14.

Nucleotide Toolkit
ATP
GTP
UTP
CTP
deoxyATP
deoxyGTP
deoxyTTP
deoxyCTP
ITP
XTP
NAD
FAD

15.

Sterol Toolkit
Cholesterol
Cortisol
1, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
Pregnenolone
Corticosterone
Cholecalciferol
Progesterone
17 -Estradiol
Dihydroepiandrosterone
DHEA
Aldosterone
Estriol
Cholic acid
Testosterone
2-Methoxyestradiol
Androstendione
Epiestriol

16.

Vitamins
a-Tocopherol
Vitamin B12
Phylloquinone
Vitamin E
Vitamin K1
Thiamine
Vitamin B1
Pyridoxine
Folate
Vitamin B6
Riboflavin
Vitamin B2
Pantothenic acid
Ascorbic acid
Retinol
Vitamin C
Vitamin A1
1, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, Vitamin D
Biotin

17.

Glycolysis
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Hexokinase
Glucose
Glucose6-phosphate
Phosphoglucose
isomerase
Phospho
fructokinase
Fructose6-phosphate
Aldolase
2 ADP
2 NADH
2 ATP
Phospho
glycerate
kinase
3–Phospho
glycerate
2 NAD+
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate
dehydrogenase
1, 3 Bisphospho
glycerate
Phospho
glycerate
mutase
Enolase
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate
Triose
phosphate
isomerase
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
2 ADP
2 NADH 2 NAD+
2 ATP
2–Phospho
glycerate
Fructose1, 6-bisphosphate
Phospho
enolopyruvate
Pyruvate
kinase
Pyruvate
Lactate
dehydrogenase
Lactate

18.

Pentose phosphate pathway
NADPH
H2 O
NADP
Glucose6-phosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Dehydrogenase
6-Phospho
gluconolactone
Lactonase
6-Phospho
gluconate
NADP
6-Phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase
Phosphoglucose
isomerase
NADPH
CO2
Xylulose
5-phosphate
Fructose6-phosphate
Phosphopentose
epimerase
Phosphopentose
isomerase
Sedoheptulose
7-phosphate
Transaldolase
Erythrose
4-phosphate
Ribulose
5-phosphate
Transketolase
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate
Ribose
5-phosphate

19.

Fatty acids synthesis
Acetyl CoA
carboxylase
Oxaloacetate
Malonyl CoA
Citrate lyase
ATP
ADP + Pi
Acetyl CoA
Citrate
ATP
ADP + Pi
Malonyl
Acetyl
transacylase
transacylase
Pantetheine
-ketoacyl
ACP-synthase
Pantetheine
NADP
NADPH
Fatty acid
synthase
Enoyl-ACP
reductase
Pantetheine
-ketoacyl
NADPH
ACP-reductase
-hydroxyacyl
NADP
ACP-dehydratase
Pantetheine

20.

Urea Cycle
2 ATP
Carbamoylphosphate
synthetase
Urea
H2 O
Arginase
Ornithine
Ornitine
transcarbamoylase
Carbamoylphosphat
Cytruline
Arginine
Argininosuccinate
lyase
Argininosuccinate
synthetase
AMP
Argininosuccinate
Fumarate
2 ADP
PPi
ATP
Aspartate

21.

Purine catabolism
AMP deaminase
AMP
IMP
5’-nucleotidase
5’-nucleotidase
XMP
5’-nucleotidase
GMP
5’-nucleotidase
Adenosine
deaminase
Adenosine
Inosine
Purine Nucleoside
phosphorylase
Hypoxanthine
Xanthosine
Purine Nucleoside
phosphorylase
Xanthine
dehydrogenase
Xanthine
Xanthine
dehydrogenase
Urate
Guanosine
Purine Nucleoside
phosphorylase
Guanine
deaminase
Guanine

22.

Purine ring de novo synthesis
Phosphoribosyl
glycinamide
formyltransferase
ATP
ATP
PRPP
Synthetase
P-Ribose
PRPP
Amidophosphoribosyl Phosphoribosyl
transferase
amine
Phosphoribosyl
glycinamide
synthetase
Glycinamide
ribonucleotide
N10-Formyl
THF
THF
5-aminoimidazole
4-carboxylate
ribonucleotide
ATP
Phosphoribosyl
aminoimidazole
carboxylase
ATP
ATP
ATP
5-aminoimidazole
ribonucleotide
Phosphoribosyl
aminoimidazole
succinocarboxamide
synthetase
Phosphoribosyl
aminoimidazole
synthetase
Formylglycinamidine
ribonucleotide
Phosphoribosyl
formylglycinamidine
synthetase
Formylglycinamide
ribonucleotide
N10-Formyl
THF
THF
5-aminoimidazole
4-Nsuccinocarboxamide
ribonucleotide
Adenylosuccinate
5-aminoimidazole
lyase
4-carboxamide
ribonucleotide
Phosphoribosyl
aminoimidazole
carboxamide
formyltransferase
5-Formamidoimidazole
4-carboxamide
ribonucleotide
IMP
cyclohydrolase
IMP

23.

Pyrimidine ring de novo synthesis
Carbamoyl phosphate
Aspartate
Dihydroorotase
Synthetase II
transcarbamoylase
2 ATP
Carbamoyl
phosphate
Carbamoyl
aspartate
Dihydroorotate Dihydroorotate
Dihydroorot
dehydrogen
PRPP
Synthetase
Phosphoribose
UMP
Orotate
Mitochondrion
ATP
PRPP
Orotate
Orotidine
phosphoribosylOrotate
5’-monophosphate
Orotidine
transferase
decarboxylase5’-monophosphate

24.

Biosynthesis of Dopamine and Adrenaline
B6
Tyrosine
Tyrosine
hydroxylase
(THP)
DOPA
Aromatic L-amino
acid decarboxylase
(AADC)
Dopamine
Dopamine
β-hydroxylase
Noradrenaline
methyltransferase
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline

25.

Biosynthesis of polyamines
putrescine, spermidine and spermine
Propylaminotransferase
Ornitine
decarboxylase
Ornitine
S-Adenosylmethionine
decarboxylase
S-Adenosylmethionine
Spermidine
Putrescine
Methyl-S-Adenosine
Propylaminotransferase
Decarboxy-S-Adenosylmethionine
Spermine

26.

Biosynthesis of Serotonin and Melatonin 2
(Skin, gut, pineal gland)
Pyridoxal phosphate
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Tryptophan
Tryptophan
Hydroxylase
(TPH-1)
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Aromatic AA
decarboxylase
(AAAD)
Serotonin
N-acetyl
transferase
(AANAT, NAT)
Acetyl-CoA
4-Hydroxyindole
O-methyltransferase
(HIOMT, ASMT)
N-acetyl serotonin
(S)-Adenosylmethionine
4-Hydroxyindole
O-methyltransferase
(HIOMT, ASMT)
(S)-Adenosylmethionine
N-acetyl
transferase
(NAT)
Melatonin
Acetyl-CoA
5-Methoxytryptamine

27.

Biosynthesis of Serotonin and Melatonin 1
B6
Tryptophan
Tryptophan
Hydroxylase
(TPH-1)
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Aromatic AA
decarboxylase
(AAAD)
5-Hydroxytryptamine
(Serotonin)
N-acetyl
transferase
(AANAT, NAT)
N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
(Melatonin)
4-Hydroxyindole
O-methyltransferase
(HIOMT, ASMT)
N-Acetyl5-Hydroxytryptamine