Carbohydrate metabolism

1. Carbohydrate metabolism

2. Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis

3. Gluconeogenesis

4.

5. OAA transport

6.

7.

8.

9. The overall equation:

2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + H+ + 4 ATP + 2 GTP
glucose + 2 NAD+ + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 Pi

10.

11. Insulin

• Stimulate glucose transport into cells
• Induses synthesis of glucokinase,
phosphofructokinase, pyruvate
kinase
• Activates protein phosphatase
pyruvate kinase

12. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis regulation

13. Bi-functional enzyme

Bi-functional enzyme

14. Bi-functional enzyme

Bi-functional enzyme
I/G
I/G

15.

16. Regulation of phosphofructokinase activity

17.

Regulation of
pyruvate kinase activity

18. Glycogen Metabolism Glycogen in the cell

19. Glycogen structure

20. Glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis)

21.

22. Glycogen syntase

23.

24.

25. glycogen branching enzyme

26. Regulation of glycogen synthase activity

Glycogen
synthase
inactive
P
Phosphatase
Protein kinase
Glycogen
synthase
active
OH

27. Degradation of glycogen Glycogen phosphorylase

28.

29. Action of debranching enzyme

30. Glycogen metabolism regulation

31.

Glycogenosis
Gierke's disease, glycogenosis type I
Hepatocytes with
large vacuoles
Intracellular
glycogen

32. Glycogenosis type I

Glucose-6phosphatase
deficiency
32

33. Pompe’s disease, glycogenosis type II

-1,4-glucosidase
deficiency
33

34. Corey's disease, glycogenosis type III

Corey's disease, glycogenosis type III
Amilo-(1-6)-glycosidase and (or) glycogen
branching enzyme deficiency
34

35. Andersen's disease, glycogenosis type IV

Andersen's disease, glycogenosis type IV
glycogen branching
enzyme deficiency
35

36. McArdle's disease, glycogenosis type V

McArdle's disease,
glycogenosis type V
Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
36

37. PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY (HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT) Oxidative phase

38.

39.

40.

Isomerase
Ribose-5 phospate
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
Epimerase
Ribulose-5 phospate
Xylulose-5 phospate
Nonoxidative phase

41.

Glycolysis

42.

43.

Glycolysis

44.

45. The overall equation:

6 G-6-P + 12
+
NADP
+ 7 H2O
5 G-6-P + 12 NADPH + 12H+ + 6 CO2

46.

47. Violation of pentose phosphate pathway