Conditional sentences (условные предложения)

1.

Conditional sentences
(условные предложения)

2.

First conditional
(Первый тип условных предложений)
Условные предложения 1-го типа выражают вполне реальные,
осуществимые предположения, которые могут произойти в будущем
при каком-то условии. Глагол в придаточном предложении
употребляется в Present Simple, а в главном предложении в Future
Simple.
If he runs, he’ll get there in time.
(Если он побежит, он доберётся туда вовремя)
Главная часть
Придаточная часть
Future Simple
Подлежащее will V
If (When…) Present Simple
Подлежащее V/Vs
am
is
are
have/has
don’t / doesn’t V

3.

Second conditional
(Второй тип условных предложений)
Условные предложения 2-го типа выражают маловероятные
предположения. Они относятся к настоящему или
будущему.
Глагол
в
придаточном
предложении
употребляется в Past Simple, а в главном предложении
would + Infinitive Indefinite.
If I took lessons seriously, I would do tests better.
(Если бы я относился к урокам серьезно, я бы выполнял тесты лучше)
Главная часть
Придаточная часть
1-я форма сослагательного
наклонения = Future in the Past
Подлежащее would/could/might V
If Past Simple
Подлежащее V2 (ed)
didn’t V

4.

Third conditional
(Третий тип условных предложений)
Условные предложения 3-го типа выражают нереальность
условия, относящегося к прошедшему времени,
упущенную возможность осуществления данного условия.
Сказуемое придаточного предложения выражается глаголом
в Past Perfect, а сказуемое главного предложения should или
would + Perfect Infinitive. Второй и третий тип переводятся
глаголом в прошедшем времени в сочетании с частицей бы:
If I had seen you yesterday, I would have given you the book.
(Если бы я увидел тебя вчера, я бы дал тебе книгу)
Главная часть
Придаточная часть
2-я форма сослагательного
наклонения
Подлежащее would have V3
Past Perfect
Подлежащее had V3

5.

Упражнения на закрепление
I. First or Second Conditional? Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
tense.
1.They would be rather offended if I (not go) to see them.
2.If you took more exercise, you (feel) better.
3.If it (stop) snowing, we can go skiing.
4.If I was offered a job, I think I (take) it.
5.I’m sure Ann will lend you the money. I’d be very surprised if
she (refuse).
6.If you (not go) away, I’ll send for the police.
7.If I sold my car, I (not get) much money for it.
8.The police (arrest) him if they catch him.
9.We (not have) any money if we didn’t work.
10.Tell Mary to ring me up if you (see) her.

6.

II. Second or Third Conditional? Put the verbs in brackets into the
correct tense.
1.If you (not be) busy, we could go for a walk.
2.If I (have) enough money, I would have taken a taxi.
3.If I were you, I (buy) a new suit.
4.If I (be) interested in the film, I would have gone to the cinema.
5. If we (not take) the wrong turning, we wouldn’t have arrived
late.
6. Had he more time, he (take) up tennis.
7.You could have come first if you (run) faster.
8. If she (not have) a car, we would have to go by bus.
9.What (do) you if you lost your job?
10.If I (not feel) tired, I would have gone to bed later.

7.

Переведите на русский язык:
1.
Had they met with such difficulties before, they would have known what to do
now.
2. If the scientists found the ways to predict earthquakes, it would be possible to
evacuate people from the regions and thus save many human lives.
3. Were I a newspaperman, I would write an article describing all the events that
have taken place here.
4. If you approach the village from the north, you will see a tall deserted building
that once was a landlord’s place.
5. Had you planned your time better, you wouldn’t have come to the station one
minute before the train’s departure.
6. If you had told me that you couldn’t find enough material for your report, we
might have postponed it until next Friday.
7. You would never get lost in a new city provided you had a map of it.
8. You will never get well unless you give up smoking.
9. The director won’t see you unless you phone him at least two days in advance.
10. Were you an experienced driver, you would never have any road accidents no
matter what road conditions were.