Discussion, Conclusion, and Introduction

1.

Discussion,
Conclusion,
and Introduction
in Literature Reviews:
WORKSHOP

2.

The Structure of
Discussion and Conclusion
in Literature Reviews:
What do you remember?

3.

DISCUSSION
• ties together the research;
• describes conclusions;
• describes the limitations of the studies;
• outlines recommendations about
addressing these limitations.

4.

CONCLUSION
•restates the problem(s) and
research goal(s);
•describes the results;
•describes the limitations of the
study;
•describes possible future work.

5.

Open Handout 3 Wk 9a.
Sample Literature Review
WORKSHOP
Read the Discussion and
Conclusion
Write the Discussion and
Conclusion of your LR

6.

The Structure of
Introduction
in Literature Reviews:
What do you remember?

7.

INTRODUCTION
• describes the problem(s);
• explains why it is essential to resolve it
(them);
• provides definitions;
• identifies a research niche;
• finishes with a thesis that describes the
goal(s) of the review.

8.

Varying Definitions of Online Communication and Their Effects on Relationship Research
Numerous studies have been conducted on various facets of Internet
relationships, focusing on the levels of intimacy, closeness, different
communication modalities, and the frequency of use of computermediated communication (CMC). However, contradictory results are
suggested within this research because only certain aspects of CMC are
investigated, for example, email only. Cummings, Butler, and Kraut (2002)
suggest that face-to-face (FtF) interactions are more effective than CMC
(read: email) in creating feelings of closeness or intimacy, while other
studies suggest the opposite. To understand how both online (Internet)
and offline (non-Internet) relationships are affected by CMC, all forms of
CMC should be studied. This paper examines Cummings et al.’s
research against other CMC research to propose that additional research
be conducted to better understand how online communication affects
relationships.

9.

Practice Time
Open
Discus
s
• Open Handout 1 Wk 11b.
• Discuss the questions in
teams.

10.

Open Handout 3 Wk 9a.
Sample Literature Review
WORKSHOP
Read the Introduction
Write the Introduction of
your LR

11.

ATS

12.

ATS LR 6 (a team assignment)
1. Submit the first draft of your literature review (Introduction, Main Body,
Discussion, and Conclusion).
2. Each LR section must
- contain all the elements specified in Structure slides in the Lesson 9b
Presentation,
- be cohesive and coherent.
3. All the team members submit the same file.
Deadline: 09.00 am on April 5.

13.

Reference
List
Feak, C., & Swales, J. M.
(2009). Telling a Research
Story: Writing a Literature
Review (Michigan Series in
English for Academic &
Professional Purposes)
(revised/expanded English in
Today’s Research World ed.).
University of Michigan Press
ELT.