Kiwi Format and Telematics

1.

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
TELEMATICS 2002
October 1
1
Kiwi Format and
Telematics
Kiwi-W Consortium
Takahiko Hamada
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Transition of car navigation in Japan
• In 1987 Stored Map Database in CD-ROM
Map
Database
CD-ROM
EMV
Electro Multi Vision
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Transition of car navigation in Japan
• In 1991 Released Car navigation system by
various manufacturers
– Adoption of GPS and Gyro sensor
– From single purpose to multi purpose → The rise of
commercial items
Satellite
Ceramic Gyro
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Birth of Format
• Expansion of car navigation market
• Expectation of entering into the navigation
market by Audio makers which have no map
data
• Standardization of map disc, and entry the
navigation market with map disc provided by
map maker
• Birth of Naviken Format Ver1.0 in 1988
• After adding more function, birth of Ver2.1 in
1995
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Intensification of functional race
• Quantitative race
– Map
• 1-10 thousandth scale model
of the whole country
• Adoption of foot prints
– 1400 cities
– Search for destination
• Search by phone number
– Corporation 10 million cases
– Individual 60 million cases
• Search by address
– 26 million cases
CD-ROM
plurality
DVD-ROM
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Intensification of functional race
• Operational race
– High-speed scrolling
– -D map
• Bird View
• Real foot prints
– High-speed route search
Bird View
Real 3D Map
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Alternation of Map disc format
• The format needs to be changed for
corresponding to upgrade.
• Naviken S Format Ver2.2
• The function which stands out from the rest is
required in order to overcome in market
competition.
– The format is not compatible on each year.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Increase of kinds of maintained version
• Map data needs to be maintained every year.
• The kinds of maintained version run up to one hundred and
dozens of kinds.
95年
95
Model
96年
97年
No compatible
96
Model
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Limits of Naviken format
• Correspondence to upgrading reaches the limit.
– No expandability.
– The data format depends on the facility of the navigation
system.
• Compatibility of Naviken disc disappears.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Conventional map database structure
• Database structure witch depends on the requirement
of the Application Program
The real world
Map display
Data
Positional
reference
Data
Route planning
Data
Database
for each
function
Refer to data.
(1)
Application(1)
(map display)
Refer to data. (2)
Application(2)
(positional
calculation)
Refer to data. (n)
Application(n)
(recommended
route planning)
Applicatio
n for each
format
System control program
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Birth of Kiwi format
• The time of creation of industry standard format
– Correspondence to sophisticated navigation system
– Expandability
• Foundation of Kiwi-W Review committee in 1996
– 17 companies concerned in car navigation system
participate.
– Disclosure of X format from Xanavi
– Review of standard format
• Kiwi Ver1.1 was completed and estimated by demonstrative
experiment in 1998 .
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Summary of Kiwi format
• Explanation of summary of the format
The name “Kiwi” was derived
from the fact the format had
been deliberated as
International standardization
at ISO meeting in Sydney.
Kiwi
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Kiwi format aims…..
• To describe the real world
• To speed-up of data reference
• To compress the volume of the data
• To magnify the expandability
• To enlarge the field of application
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Data base structure of Kiwi format
• The real world is described by information related to the shape of
the object,the attribute,and the connection (phase) etc.
The real world
Standard data format
for data exchange
Relation of
connection
Shape data
Attribute data
Common data reference program
Application(1)
Application(2)
Application(n)
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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The composition of Kiwi format
Index Data
Main Map Data
Road Data
Background Data
Text Data
Route Guidance Data
Route Planning data
Drawing
Parameters Data
Voice Data
Image Data
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Speed-up of Data Reference
• Main map data (parcel)
– Kiwi format refers to the data in a constant area
• Route planning data (region)
– Kiwi format refers to the data of wide area as much
as possible
• Hierarchical structure
– Kiwi format quickly refers to the data which exist
between one level and another, or which exist
nearby area
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Main Map Data (Parcel)
• They are used for Map-display, Location, and
Route guidance
• The area is divided by rectangles (parcel)
• Data has Hierarchical structure
level n
level 2
level 1
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Main Map Data (Parcel)
• Data to be stored
– Management records
– Road data
• Figure data and Road attribute data to be used for mapdisplay and location.
• It has traffic regulation information and link connection
information so that it may be used for the route calculation
– Background Data
– Text Data
– Guidance Data
• Appellations of intersection etc. which is referred to
intersections data in Road Data
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Map Display Data Frame
阪神高速
Map Display Distribution Header
公園
Offset/Size of Road Data Frame
Offset/Size of BackGround Data Frame
Offset/Size of Text Data Frame
瀬戸内海
Text
Road Data Frame
Distribution Header
Number of Display Class [ ]
Offset to Display-class-classified Road Data
Number of MultiLink (for each Display calss)
Road Data List
Array of Display-class-classified Road Data
Road
Display Scale Flag
Array of MultiLink Data Record
Back Ground Data Frame
Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame
Text Data Frame
Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame
Back
Ground
Extension Data Frame
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Main Map Data (Parcel)
• Division and integration of a parcel
level n
level 2
level 1
Kiwi format divides and integrates a parcel
into approximately same size of rectangle.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Route Planning Data (Region)
• They are used for Route planning
• The area can be divided into arbitrary size
(region)
• They have a Hierarchical structure.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Route Planning Data (Region)
Higher
level
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
Region divisions for
each layer
Lower
6
level
0
1
2
0
Region
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tree structure of region
management records
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Route Planning Data
• Data to be stored
– Management records
– Information of node
• Information of intersections in road networks
• Information which corresponds to upper level
– Link information
• Information of road in road networks
• Information which corresponds to upper level
• Information of connection to border region
– Regulation information
• Information of traffic regulation in intersection and
regulation for part of road in intersection
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning Distribution Header
Offset / Size of each Data Frame
Node Data Frame
Total Number of Node Records
Array of Node Record #1 to #
Attribute
Number of Link Record [ ]
Route Planning Data Frame
Offset to Link Record
Number of Regulation Record
Link Data Frame
Link Cost Data Frame
Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node
Passage Code Data Frame
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning DistributionHeader
Node Data Frame
Link Data Frame
Array of Link Record #1 to #K for each Node
Link Cost Record Number
Attribute
Array of Regulation Record #1 to #K for each Node
Upper Level Correspondence Record Number of the Node
Link Cost Data Frame
Array of Link Cost Data Record
Link ID
Cost (Ex. Link length , Average Traveling Time
Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node
Passage Code Data Frame
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Route Planning Data Frame
Level i+1
Route Planning DistributionHeader
Node Data Frame
Link Data Frame
Link Cost Data Frame
Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Node
Number of Nodes Corresponding to the Upper Level
[ ]
Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the
Node (#1 to #N)
Adjacent Information
Upper Level Node ID Number
Offset to the Upper Level Correspondence Record
of the Link
Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Link
Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the
Link
Passage Code Data Frame
Level i
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Compression of the Volume of the Data
• Data management by the size of data
– Kiwi format sets the fixed size for each data block
and manages whole size of the data
• Data management by flags
– Kiwi format manages the existence of fluid data by
flags which correspond to bits.
• Multi link structure
– Kiwi format integrates the roads which have same
attribute, and describe the existence of a
intersection.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Data-Compression by size or flag Example
Data Frame A
Control Header
Size of Data Frame A
Control Flags、Header Size
Size of Data B
Size of Data E
Size of Data F
Expansion Data
Delete flag of Data Frame A
Existence flag of Data D
Existence flag of Data E
Existence flag of Data F
Existence flag of Expansion
Data (Data Frame A)
Size of Control Header
Data B always stored
Data C fixed length , always stored
Data D fixed length
Data E
Data F
Expansion Data
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Multi Link
shape
Node
B
Links
Attribute A Attribute B
Attribute 0 Attribute 1
Multilink
Attribute B
Attribute 2
Attribute 1
Attribute B
Attribute 3
Attribute 2
Attribute B
Attribute C
Attribute 5
Attribute B
Attribute 4
Attribute 3
Attribute 4
Common
attribute
Attribute for
individual link
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Multilink
Attribute 1
Attribute 2
Attribute 3
Attribute A
MultiLink Data Record
MultiLink Header
Attribute 4
Individual
link attribute
Detailed attribute
Node Record
Identical Node Infomation
Flags for management、Size of each Infomation
Number of Nodes
Flags of each Additional Node Infomation
Attribute of MultiLink
MultiLink Shape Information Array of Link Shape
Attribute of Link Example Number of Shape Point
( X、 ) of Node
Array of ( X、 ) of Shape Point
Node and Link Connection Information Array of Node Record
Additional Node Information Array of Additional Node Record
Altitude Information
Passage Regulation Information
Offset to Additional Node Record
Additional Node Record
Offset to route guidance data
Offset to Street Name data
Offset to Passage Regulation Information
Temporal Information
Expansion Data
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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The Expandability of the Data
• The expandability of basic data
– Kiwi format prepares the expanding part so that expansion
may not have any effect on the data reference
• Kiwi format manages the data by the number of elements and
the volume of the data
• Kiwi format controls the expansion by the flags which correspond
to the bits
– The expandability enables Kiwi format to expand in the future
and to store the individual data by each manufacturers
• The structure of file
– Kiwi format enables each manufacturers to store the individual
data.
• Html
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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How to store expansion data Example
Data Frame A
Control Header
Size of Data Frame A
Control Flags、Header Size
Size of Data B
Size of Data E
Size of Data F
Expansion Data
Delete flag of Data A
Existence flag of Data D
Existence flag of Data E
Existence flag of Data F
Existence flag of Extension
Data (Data Frame A)
Size of Control Header
Data B always Stored
Data C fixed length, always stored
Data D always stored
Data E
Data F
Control by Size
Control by Size and Flag
Expansion Data
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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How to store original data (Example cf.
Control Frame of Data Frame A
Number of Basic / Extension Data Frame
Address / Size of Data Frame A
Extension Data Frame 1
User ID
Data ID
Data Frame A
Original Data
Control Header
Offset and Size for each Basic / Extension
Data Frame
Basic Data Frame 1 Define Format
Basic Data Frame 2
〃
Basic Data Frame 3
〃
Extension Data Frame 2
User ID
Data ID
Original Data
Extension Data Frame 1 Undefined Format
Extension Data Frame 2
〃
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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The Structure of Physical Data
Address Map
Start-up record
Root directory
Root Directory
Directory
Data Volume
Directory
Pointer to
ALLDATA.KWI
Area
ISO9660
Volume
KIWI format
file
DSA to main map
management frame
DSA to route planning
data frame
Main map data
management frame
Route planning data
management frame
Pointer to
META.DATA
All data
management
frame
Pointer to
LOADING.KWI
ALLDATA.KWI
Main map data
Route planning
data
・
・
Metadata
Real
data frames
Loading
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Index Data
• Information of index data to select the
destination
• Search frame to narrow down the data and
point data to store the result of the search
• The composition can be defined freely on
search frame and POI information
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Structure of Index Data
Management Data
Volume Management
Volume Management
Volume Management Frame
Frame
Frame 2
3
Search Frame 1
Search Frame 2
Search Frame 3
POI Information 1
Search Frame 4
POI地点情報3
Information 2
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Index Data
• It defines the form of the search facility and search
data by signature of 4bits
– Management of the volume
• Layer search DSRC Define for Search
• B-Tree search DSBT Define for Search of Balanced Tree
– Search frame
• SR50 Search by 50 on
• SRJP Search by Japanese area
– Point information
• Point information normal
PINR Point Of Interest normal)
• Point information(data declaration)
DPOI Define for Point Of Interest
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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An Example of Address Search
Detailed search information record
Address search
Prefecture-specific
category
A
City/Ward/Town/
Village-specific category
Aichi prefecture
Main
主
Main area
Nagoya city
A
Akabane town
主
Aomori
prefecture
・
I
WA
Ishikawa
prefecture
・
NA
Oaza/koaza/banchispecific category
Main
主
A
A
・
・
Nagoya city
O
Main area
Main
主
Atsuta ward
A
Main area
Main area
・
1-chome Akabane
Main
主
(Main area,Akabaneprefecture)
(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane
town,Aichi prefecture)
To POI
information
(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane
town,Aichi prefecture)
・
(main area Akubi town,Aichi
prefecture)
Main area
(1-chome, Akubi, Akubi town,Aichi
prefecture)
1-chome Akubi
Main area
・
主
Main
(Main area, Aichi prefecture)
・
・
・
Main
主
1-chome Akabane
主
2-chome Akabane
・
Main
主
Main area
Akubi town
・
Wakayama
prefecture
Matching data
Main area
・
・
(main area Nagoya city)
(main area Atsuta ward, Nagoya
city)
・
(main area Kita ward, Nagoya city)
・
(main area Aomori prefecture)
・
© 2002
Kiwi-W consortium

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Applicability to Many Countries
• Kiwi format has succeeded to overcome the difference between
Japan and U.S.A Ver1.22
Japan
prefecture
US
state
cities,towns,
and villages
cities,towns,
and villages
chou, aza
street
banchi
(lot
number)
house number
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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International standardization
• In 1997, Kiwi format was proposed to be an
International standard as
ISO/TC204/WG3(TICS database technology)
SWG3.2 Physical Storage Format at Kobe
meeting.
• Under deliberation at present.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Foundation of Kiwi-W consortium
• In July of 2001, Kiwi-W consortium was founded as an
organization that promotes popularization of Kiwi format..
• Kiwi-W consortium establishment preparation committee
– Aisin AW Co., Ltd.
– Increment P Ltd.
– Xanavi Informatics Corporation
– Zenrin Co., Ltd.
– DENSO CORPORATION.
– Honda Motor co., Ltd.
– Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
– Toyota Mapmaster Inc.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Kiwi-W consortium
• Aims at the achievement of the interoperability of the map disks with the use of
Kiwi-W format.
• Defines necessary regulations, and discloses
official information.
• Supports practical use.
• Accelerates the spread of Navigation systems
in each country by defining the standard for
the world.
• Nonprofit organization
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Activity
• We issue and disclose the format
specifications and the operation regulations to
use the Kiwi-W disk.
• We certificate and the manage the produced
Kiwi-W disk.
• We disclose official information on Web site.
• We work with related organization including
the ISO/TC204/WG3/SWG3.2
• We propagate Kiwi-W format over related
enterprises.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Document
• Format specifications
– Basic chapter
The part submitted to ISO is
disclosed free of cost
Kiwi format specifications
– Expanded chapter
Kiwi-W format specifications
• Operation rules of the format
For limited
members
Operation guideline
For limited
members
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Kiwi format specifications
• Basic chapter
• Submitted to ISO (=Ver1.22 / current)
• Contents
– Chapter 1 Sentence rule
– Chapter 2 Data composition in media
»
»
– Chapter 33 Image data frame
– Chapter 34 Voice data frame
• Disclosed free of cost.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Kiwi-W format specifications
• Expanded chapter
• Defines expanded function which is not
defined in basic chapter
• Defines format of each function on Index
search
• Contents
– Chapter 51 The actually Index search
»
– Chapter 60 Reference
• Disclosed only to the members.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Operation guideline
• Secures the inter-operability of data.
• Defines the storage method and the
restrictions of each segment of data.
– Preset value and explanation (In Japan and foreign
countries)
– Preset value (min & max)
– Regulations
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Certification
• Each management company confirms the
inter-operability of proposed disk.
• Each management company brings forward
the disk to secretariat with confirmation result.
• The secretariat gives and manages
certification number to the applicant.
– The information of the certification will be disclosed
on the Web site.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Member regulations and fee
• Qualification for members
Corporation or any division in corporation
• An individual honored member can join if there is approval of the
management company
• Segment of members
– Management companies
– General member
• Start of recruiting new members
– April, 2001
• Annual membership fee
– Management company →\950,000 or $8,000
– General member →\450,000 or $4,000
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Organization
• Board member
– Chairman
• Represents and generalizes Kiwi-W consortium
– Manager
• Manages Kiwi-W consortium
• Examines and produces the specifications
• Plans and executes the commission
– Inspector
• Secretariat
• Discloses the information
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Introduction of W consortium members
【Director companies 】
AISIN AW CO.,LTD.
ALPINE ELECTRONICS INC.
INCREMENT P CORPORATION
Xanavi Infomatics Corporation
ZENRIN CO.,LTD
DENSO CORPORATION
TOYOTA MAPMASTER INC.
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION
【Auditor company 】
SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES,LTD
【Members companies 】
Clarion Co., Ltd.
KENWOOD CORPORATION
JAPAN DIGITAL ROAD MAP ASSOCIATION
SHINKA INFORMATION SYSTEM CO.,LTD
SOUGOU SYSTEM SERVICE LTD.
Tele Atlas JAPAN REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
Navigations Technologies Kabushiki Kaisha
IBM Japan, Ltd.
Pioneer Corporation
Hitachi Engineering Co., Ltd.
Fujitsu Ltd
Honda Motor Co.,Ltd
Matsushita Communication Industrial Co.,Ltd
China Datong Industry Co.,Ltd.
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Activity in 2002
• Publication of Kiwi instruction manual
– Comment on how to use Kiwi data
• Publicity activities to Korea and China
– Setting of Korean branch and Chinese branch
• Creation of Kiwi Viewer
– Offer to members in open source
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Future activity
• Alteration of car navigation system
– HDD model, Memory model
– Infrastructure of wireless
communication
CD-ROM
HDD
DVD-ROM
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Investigation of new format
• Correspondence to ReWritable media
– Current Kiwi format concludes information in the disc.
– Development of Kiwi-RW based on Kiwi
• Setting a seminar
– Request for members’ participation
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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The future of Kiwi format
Kiwi
Kiwi-W
Kiwi-RW
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

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Kiwi-W Consortium
• Kiwi-W consortium Web site
– URL
• http://kiwi-w.mapmaster.co.jp
– Inquiries
• TOYOTA MAPMASTER INC.
7F Sumitomo-Seimei building, 2-14-19, Meieki-minami,
Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan
Zip code: 450-0003
PREPAIRED: Hamada and Fukumizu
Mail:[email protected]
© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium