Key vocabulary. ‫كوكب

1.

Key vocabulary

2.

approach
‫ يقارب‬- ‫يقترب‬
- Definition: to move towards or come near to something or someone
antonym
noun
adjective
Meaning-synonym
retreat, withdraw, move away
approach
‫طريقة‬-come
‫ نهج‬closer
approachable
near,
advance,
The car approached the intersection slowly.

3.

astronaut
‫رائد فضاء‬
a person who travels in space
Meaning-synonym
adjective
noun
-astronautics
space traveler,
astronautical
- Linguistic notes: "Astronaut" is a compound word made up of "astro-," meaning
"star,"
and "-naut,"
meaning
The
astronaut
trained
for "sailor."
years before going on the space mission

4.

planet
‫كوكب‬
a celestial body that orbits around a star, is spherical in shape,
and has cleared its orbit of debris
Meaning-synonym
celestial body, orb
adjective
noun
planetary
planetoid
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.

5.

process
‫ نظام‬- ‫عملية‬
a series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end
Meaning-synonym
procedure, method, system
noun
procession /processing
verb
process
antonym
chaos, disorder, confusion
adjective
processable
We need to streamline our hiring process to make it more efficient

6.

solar system
‫النظام الشمسي‬
: the collection of planets and other celestial bodies that orbit
around the sun
adjective
verb
solar
solarize
The solar system consists of eight planets and numerous other objects.

7.

spacecraft
‫مركبة فضائية‬
a vehicle designed for travel or operation in space
Meaning-synonym
spaceship, rocket
The spacecraft will launch into orbit later this week.

8.

speaker
‫متحدث‬
A person who speaks or gives a speech or device to amplify sound.
antonym
Meaning-synonym
noun
adjective
verb
listener
speaker
‫ سماعة‬talker
spoken
speak lecturer,
speaking
orator,
The keynote speaker delivered an inspiring speech at the conference.

9.

spectacular
‫ مذهل‬- ‫رائع‬
impressive or sensational, especially visually
Meaning-synonym
antonym
noun
adverb
breathtaking,
stunning,
dull,
boring,
unimpressive
spectacularness
magnificent
spectacularly
The fireworks display was a spectacular sight.

10.

surface
‫سطح‬
the outermost layer or top of something.
noun
adjective
Meaning-synonym
verb
antonym
surfacing
surface
/surfaced
interior,
bottom,
underlying
Surface
‫للسطح‬
‫يطفو‬
exterior,
top,
outerlayer
layer
The surface of the water was calm and still.

11.

surround sound
‫صوت مجسم‬
a system of sound recording and reproduction that creates a
three-dimensional audio experience for the listener
verb
antonym
adjective
surround
surrounding
mono sound
The movie theater has a state-of-the-art surround sound system

12.

universe
‫الكون‬
all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the
cosmos
adjective
antonym
Meaning-synonym
adverb
nothingness, void, nonexistence
universal
universally
cosmos, space, creation
The universe is believed to be around 13.8 billion years old.

13.

mass-produced
‫منتج الي بكميات‬
‫كبيرة‬
produced in large quantities by means of machinery
Meaning-synonym
adjective
verb
Noun
handcrafted, artisanal,
bespoken
standardized,
factory-made,
mass-produce
assembly
line
mass production
The company specializes in mass-produced consumer goods.

14.

astronomer
‫عالم فلك‬
a person who studies astronomy, the branch of science that
deals with celestial objects and phenomena
adjective
Meaning-synonym
noun
astronomical
astronomy
space scientist, skywatcher,
The astronomer discovered a new planet in the outer solar system.

15.

experiment
‫تجربة‬
a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a
hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact
adjective
antonym
verb
noun
Meaning-synonym
experimental
‫تجريبي‬
certainty, fact,
truth
Experiment
‫يجرب‬
experimenter
‫بالتجربة‬
‫قائم‬
trial, test, investigation
The scientist conducted an experiment to see how plants grow in different types of soil.

16.

immerse
‫يبهر‬- ‫يغمر – يدمج‬
to involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest
verb
Meaning-synonym
adjective
noun
antonym
detach, disconnect,
disengage
engage,
involve,
absorb
immersive
immersion
She immersed herself in learning a new language over the summer

17.

immersive
‫مبهر – شديد‬
‫الجاذبية‬
Experience providing a deeply engaging or absorbing
Meaning-synonym
verb
antonym
engrossing,
captivating,
uninteresting,
boring,
unengaging
immerse
involving
The video game has immersive graphics and sound effects that make you feel
like you're in the game.

18.

implement
‫ينفذ‬
to put a plan, decision, or agreement into effect
Meaning-synonym
noun
carry out, execute, put into
implementation / implementer
practice
antonym
abandon, disregard, ignore
We need to implement a new system to improve our productivity.

19.

inconvenient
‫غير مالئم‬
causing trouble, difficulties, or discomfort
Meaning-synonym
antonym
noun
adverb
troublesome,
convenient, easy,awkward,
comfortable
inconvenience
inconveniently
uncomfortable
The early morning flight was inconvenient for many travelers.

20.

innovation
‫ ابتكار‬- ‫ابداع‬
a new idea, method, or product that is introduced and
accepted as useful or effective
verb
noun
adjective
Meaning-synonym
antonym
innovate
innovator
innovative
tradition,
conservatism, stagnation
invention - novelty
The company's success is due to its constant innovation and development
of new products

21.

exercises

22.

23.

24.

25.

Choose the correct definition for each of the following words.
1. Universe
a) the study of celestial objects and phenomena
b) all existing matter and space considered as a whole
c) a type of spacecraft designed for travel in deep space
2. Process
a) a journey to outer space
b) a series of actions taken to achieve a particular end
c) a type of planet in our solar system
3. Speaker
a) a person who travels in space
b) a device that produces sound
c) a type of planet in our solar system
4. Mass-produced
a) handmade and artisanal
b) produced in large quantities by means of machinery
c) a type of spacecraft designed for travel in deep space
5. Approach
a) to move away from something or someone
b) to move towards or come near to something or someone
c) to speak in public or give a speech

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Reading (1)

31.

‘Surround sound’ is a system that uses 3 or more speakers to make you feel like you are ‘surrounded’ by sound. Surround
sound experiments go as far back as the 1930s. In fact, the technology was first introduced in 1940 in the Walt Disney Film
Fantasia, which used Fantasound. This was a system designed to totally immerse the audience in the film like the visuals did.
Unfortunately, it was too expensive to implement on a big scale, as Fantasound needed 54 speakers. It wasn’t until 1975, with
the invention of Dolby Stereo, requiring just four basic speakers that ‘surround sound’ became practical. It was used
spectacularly in the film Star Wars. True surround sound in the home, however, didn’t arrive until 1982, with the introduction
of Dolby Surround technology. But this still required four speakers, making it expensive and inconvenient. Now, a whole new
approach has been developed, by scientists at the Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany, which uses paper instead of
speakers. The team had experimented before; in 2015, they created an illustrated book which had speakers hidden inside the
pages that made noises as readers turned them over. Now they have developed a printing process which can print whole rolls
of the paper-thin speakers, rather than one sheet at a time. They have used this to make the T-ring, a 360-degree paper
speaker, a sound experience more immersive than even a cinema, and can be potentially mass-produced at a competitive
price. Professor Hubler, from the University predicts that one major use of this new idea will be for audio advertising and
packaging. Imagine the packaging on bottles and tins playing music or adverts for you in your local supermarket!!
7.3.Why
1.
2.
3.
4.
When
What
was
iswas
surround
the
Fantasound
true
T-ring?
main
surround
advantage
sound?
too sound
expensive
of using
inisthe
to
paper
home
implement
speakers
introduced?
oninstead
a big
scale?
of traditional
speakers? on
According
to
the
passage,
what
the
potential
impact
of
paper
speaker
technology
does
the
author
imply
about
the
potential
impact
ofin
the
T-ring
paper
speaker
5. What
6.
10.
2.
What
was
is
is
the
the
the
potential
main
potential
first
advantage
filmuse
impact
to
of
use
paper
of
Fantasound?
ofthe
paper
speakers
T-ring
speaker
paper
according
technology
speaker?
tothe
Professor
on
the
audio
Hubler?
industry?
4.
What
is
the
significance
of
the
Walt
Disney
Film
Fantasia
the
development
of paper
8.
What
does
the
author
mean
by
"surrounded
by
sound"
in
opening
sentence
of
the
passage?
a)the
8.
What
How
A
They
It
1930s
system
type
required
many
are
was
of
cheaper
that
speaker
the
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speakers
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invention
many
and
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did
speakers
can
speaker
Dolby
of
that
be
metal
made
mass-produced
Surround
to
create
surround
require?
sound
sound
at
a
competitive
practical?
price
9.9.
What
is
the
purpose
of
using
the
term
"immersive"
to
describe
the
T-ring
paper
speaker?
6.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
7.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
tone
of
the
author
towards
the
T-ring
5.
What
does
the
author
imply
about
the
potential
uses
of
the
T-ring
paper
speaker?
advertising
industry?
technology
on
the
audio
industry?
a)
To
Star
It
could
is
replace
more
Wars
revolutionize
durable
traditional
than
the
speakers
traditional
wayfrom
we
in home
listen
speakers
to
theaters
music and watch movies
surround
sound?
a)
To
be
completely
isolated
all
sound
b)a)
Dolby
2It
1940
A
They
system
surround
had
have
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poor
that
abe
sound
better
uses
quality
system
three
sound
or
that
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more
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than
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traditional
speakers
to create
speakers
ahome
surround
sound experience
a)a)
To
emphasize
that
the
sound
quality
isfive
better
than
traditional
speakers
The
history
and
evolution
of
surround
sound
technology
speaker
technology?
a)
ItWizard
could
used
to
replace
traditional
speakers
in
theaters
It
could
lead
to
more
immersive
audio
advertising
and
packaging
a)a)
could
lead
to
major
changes
in
the
way
we
listen
to
music
and
watch movies
b)
To
The
It
will
provides
create
have
immersive
a
no
of
better
Oz
impact
sound
sound
on
the
quality
experiences
audio
than
industry
traditional
in
theme
parks
speakers
a)
It
was
the
first
film
to
use
Dolby
Stereo
b)
To
have
sound
coming
from
all
directions
b)b)
To
highlight
that
the
sound
experience
is
more
engaging
and
realistic
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traditional speakers
c)b)
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1975
Fantasound
3
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of
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install
and
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that
last
creates
longer
to create
a 360-degree
than
sound
traditional
sound
speakers
experience
b)
The
benefits
of
using
paper
speakers
instead
of
traditional
speakers
a)
Neutral
b)
It
could
be
used
to
create
immersive
sound
experiences
in
theme
It
will
have
no
impact
on
the
advertising
industry
b) It
It
will
have
no
impact
on
thesound
audio
industry
c)
To
Fantasia
will
is
enhance
cheaper
only
be
the
and
used
sound
can
for
be
quality
advertising
mass-produced
of live
and
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packaging
at a competitive price
b)
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was
the
first
film
to
use
Fantasound
c)
To
have
only
one
type
of
c)c)
To
suggest
that
the
T-ring
paper
speaker
is
more
expensive
than
traditional
speakers
d)c)
T-ring
4
1982
A
They
It
system
type
was
are
too
of
easier
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heavy
uses
to
and
set
four
bulky
up
used
speakers
and
for
use
recording
to
than
create
traditional
music
sound
speakers
c)
The
potential
uses
of
paper
speakers
in
the
advertising
industry
b)
Critical
c)
It
could
be
used
to
provide
audio
advertising
and
packaging
in
supermarkets
It
will
make
advertising
more
expensive
c)To
It
will
only
be
used
for
advertising
and
packaging
d)
To
Snow
is
provide
easier
be
White
too
to
audio
and
expensive
install
the
advertising
and
Seven
to
use
be
Dwarfs
than
and
practical.
packaging
traditional
inspeakers
supermarkets
c)
It
was
the
first
film
to
use
paper
speakers
d)
To
have
sound
that
is
too
loud
d)d)d)
downplay
the
potential
uses
of
the
T-ring
paper
speaker
technology
5
Illustrated
book
The
development
of
the
T-ring
paper
speaker
by
scientists
at the Chemnitz University of
c)
Enthusiastic
d)
It
has
no
potential
uses
beyond
the
current
application
d)
It
will
make
advertising
less
effective
d) d)
It will
be
too
expensive
to
be
practical.
It had no significance in the development of surround sound
Technology
d) Cautious

32.

‘Surround sound’ is a system that uses 3 or more speakers to make you feel like you are ‘surrounded’ by sound. Surround
sound experiments go as far back as the 1930s. In fact, the technology was first introduced in 1940 in the Walt Disney Film
Fantasia, which used Fantasound. This was a system designed to totally immerse the audience in the film like the visuals did.
Unfortunately, it was too expensive to implement on a big scale, as Fantasound needed 54 speakers. It wasn’t until 1975, with
the invention of Dolby Stereo, requiring just four basic speakers that ‘surround sound’ became practical. It was used
spectacularly in the film Star Wars. True surround sound in the home, however, didn’t arrive until 1982, with the introduction
of Dolby Surround technology. But this still required four speakers, making it expensive and inconvenient. Now, a whole new
approach has been developed, by scientists at the Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany, which uses paper instead of
speakers. The team had experimented before; in 2015, they created an illustrated book which had speakers hidden inside the
pages that made noises as readers turned them over. Now they have developed a printing process which can print whole rolls
of the paper-thin speakers, rather than one sheet at a time. They have used this to make the T-ring, a 360-degree paper
speaker, a sound experience more immersive than even a cinema, and can be potentially mass-produced at a competitive
price. Professor Hubler, from the University predicts that one major use of this new idea will be for audio advertising and
packaging. Imagine the packaging on bottles and tins playing music or adverts for you in your local supermarket!!
Choosei. the
correct word that matches the given definition:
Packaging
What6.isChoose
the meaning
of theword
wordthat
'predicts'
in the given
passage?
the correct
matches
definition:
a) What
The
act
of
promoting
or
selling
a
product
or
service
is
the
meaning
of
the
word
'hidden'
in
the
passage?
Which
word
meansof
"created
or
planned
a specific
in mind"?
What
is the
meaning
theto
word
'designed'
inwith
the
passage?
a) The
materials
used
wrap
or protect
a product
for purpose
sale or distribution
b)a)
ToCapable
make
clear
or understandable
through
pictures or diagrams
of
happening
or
becoming
a
reality
ii.
Illustrated
a) Tob)
make
clearclear
or understandable
through
pictures
or diagrams
To make
or understandable
through
pictures
or diagrams
c)a)b)
Regrettably
or
unluckily
or
planned
with
a specific
purpose
in mind
Hidden
ToCreated
make
clear
orhappening
understandable
through
pictures
b)a)
To
orof
estimate
in advance
c)declare
Capable
or becoming
a realityor diagrams
d)b)c)
Capable
of
happening
becoming
a reality
Concealed
or
not
easily
noticed a reality
Capable
iii.
Unfortunately
of or
happening
orornoticed
becoming
Designed
c) b)
Concealed
not
easily
d)
Regrettably
or
unluckily
e)c)d)
Concealed
orpromoting
not easily
noticed
The
act
or
a product
or service
The
act
ofof
promoting
or selling
product
service
c)
Illustrated
d) The materials used to wrapselling
ora protect
aorproduct
for sale or distribution
d)d)Created
or
planned
with
a
specific
purpose
in
mind
iv. Potentially
Packaging

33.

‘Surround sound’ is a system that uses 3 or more speakers to make you feel like you are ‘surrounded’ by sound. Surround
sound experiments go as far back as the 1930s. In fact, the technology was first introduced in 1940 in the Walt Disney Film
Fantasia, which used Fantasound. This was a system designed to totally immerse the audience in the film like the visuals did.
Unfortunately, it was too expensive to implement on a big scale, as Fantasound needed 54 speakers. It wasn’t until 1975, with
the invention of Dolby Stereo, requiring just four basic speakers that ‘surround sound’ became practical. It was used
spectacularly in the film Star Wars. True surround sound in the home, however, didn’t arrive until 1982, with the introduction
of Dolby Surround technology. But this still required four speakers, making it expensive and inconvenient. Now, a whole new
approach has been developed, by scientists at the Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany, which uses paper instead of
speakers. The team had experimented before; in 2015, they created an illustrated book which had speakers hidden inside the
pages that made noises as readers turned them over. Now they have developed a printing process which can print whole rolls
of the paper-thin speakers, rather than one sheet at a time. They have used this to make the T-ring, a 360-degree paper
speaker, a sound experience more immersive than even a cinema, and can be potentially mass-produced at a competitive
price. Professor Hubler, from the University predicts that one major use of this new idea will be for audio advertising and
packaging. Imagine the packaging on bottles and tins playing music or adverts for you in your local supermarket!!
Match
words
with
theirof
synonyms:
3.
According
to
the
passage,
what
is
the
meaning
the
term 'surround sound'?
What
is
the
meaning
What
of
the
is the
word
i. meaning
Priced
'visuals'
to of
sellas
theused
word
in'mass-produced'?
the
passage?
What
is
the
meaning
of
the
term
'360-degree'
as
used
in
the
passage?
Which
of
the
following
words
a)
is
Invention
the
best
synonym
for
'audience'
as used in the passage?
a)
Sound
that
is
too
loud
a)
Sounds
thatisare
a)used
Produced
in movies
ii.inAll-encompassing
limited quantities
a)
Sound
that
too
loud
a) Actor
b) Immersive
b)
Sound
that
is
isolated
from
otherquantities
sounds
b)
Images
thatisare
b)used
Produced
in
movies
iii.other
inIngenious
large
device using assembly line methods
b)
Sound
that
isolated
from
sounds
b) Spectator
c)
Expensive
c) Sound
that
comes
from
all
directions
c)
Words
that
are
c)
used
Produced
in
movies
iv.
by
Costly
hand
c)
Sound
that
comes
from
all
directions
c) Director
d) Practical
d)
Sound
that
is
only
in
front
of the
listener
d)
Music
that
isis used
d) Produced
in front
movies
v.ofusing
Useful
expensive
or
workable
materials
d)
Sound
that
only
in
the
listener
d) Screenwriter
e) Competitive

34.

Reading (2)

35.

Teens Astronomers is a website for young people who are interested in finding out about
the world they live in. If you have any burning questions, please email us at teen
astronomers@ theconversation.edu.au. Why has nobody found any life outside of Earth? Tarek, age 17, Zagazig, Egypt. Thank you for your question, Tarek. Astronomers, like us, are
constantly searching for planets that may support human life, but they're not easy to find.
To start with, it's likely that if such a planet exists, it will be outside our solar system. Until
we have invented the technology to get us to these planets, we won't be able to study the
conditions there. But we'll keep using the technology we have to find out what we can until
we have found some evidence. One of the most important things is to find a planet with
water because it is essential for all life forms.
10.
on
passage,
what
is
one
reason
why
scientists
have
notlife?
yetlocated
found life
3.Based
4.
What
2. does
Why
is the
is main
likelihood
it phrase
difficult
reason
that
to we
find
a cannot
potentially
planets
study
that
habitable
the
may
conditions
support
planet
human
of
would
potential
be
12.
13.
14.
What
the
word
"constantly"
"habitable"
"burning
questions"
mean
mean
in
in
the
the
mean
passage?
passage?
in
the
passage?
11.
19.
6.
7.
Which
What
What
can
does
of
the
writer's
the
inferred
following
phrase
purpose
from
best
"detect
the
summarizes
in
writing
signshabitable"
ofwith
this
life"
about
thepassage?
mean
passage?
the
importance
in the
passage?
of water?
5.
Why
1.is
What
isthe
itbeimportant
is Teens
Astronomers?
to
find
a passage
planet
water?
15.
What
does
the
phrase
"potentially
mean
in
the
passage?
18.
8.
9.
outside
What
17.
What
What
of
does
does
Earth?
does
the
the
the
phrase
word
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36.

Reading (3)

37.

Technology in the Cinema
When you watch a good film, it is easy to forget where you are. Technology, however, is making the film
experience even more real. In the 1970s, a company called IMAX took a different approach. Their films were shown on very
large, tall screens. Special speakers were put behind the screen, which helped to make the sound better and louder. In
addition, the films were made using a special process which made the pictures look much more ‘real’. However, the
problem with these types of films was the cost. They had to build special square cinemas, because people needed to watch
the film in seats which all faced the screen. You also needed special cameras and couldn't make films of more than an hour
long. So these films were nearly all educational, often about nature. One of the most popular was about climbing Mount
Everest and when you watched it, you really felt you were surrounded by snowy mountains.
Since 2000, however, similar technology has allowed traditional films to be made in the same way. These are
mass-produced and shown in traditional cinemas. As a result, many modern films sound great. Many are in 3D, so that the
pictures look real and not flat. Some cinemas even have seats that move while you watch the film to immerse you even
more into the experience. Other cinemas have even experimented with allowing you to ‘feel’ the film using smell, rain and
wind. However, the cost of this will probably mean this technology won’t be in most cinemas.
won'tbest
all summarizes
cinemas use
technology that allows viewers to 'feel' the film?
14. Which of5.
theWhy
following
thethe
passage?
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does
the
pronoun
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refer
tohave
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following
sentence:
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also
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is
way
that
modern
cinemas
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making
films
more
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isone
the
main
advantage
traditional
films
made
using
IMAX
technology,
according
A. IMAX
films
were
expensive
to
produce
and
could
only
be
shown
in
special
cinemas,
but
since
2000,
similar
A.
The
technology
is
too
expensive.
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does
the
phrase
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into
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phrase
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allowed
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films
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cinemas.
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onA.
technology?
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IMAX
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aused
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cost
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technology
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realistic.
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asthe
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improve
important
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than
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traditional
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cost
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wind.
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To
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films
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incan
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more
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express
shown
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inare
regular
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in
cinema.
than
cinemas.
on
traditional
IMAX
films.
films.
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cinema
has
always
been
realistic,
but
technology
has
made
itmore
even
more
so in recent years.
D.
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type
of
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above.
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educational.
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traditional
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To
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Produced
provide
of experience
the
above.
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information
afrom
specific
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film.
on
how
tothan
make
films
realistic
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cost
allowing
of viewers
producing
viewers
to
films
'feel'
with
the
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film
technology.
using
smell,
rain,
and
wind.
D. They are more realistic than other types of films.
D..D.
Special
Traditional
Technology
To argue
cameras
films
that
has made
traditional
can bethe
longer
cinema
filmsthan
are
experience
an
better
hour.than
more
IMAX
expensive
films. and less accessible.
Uninterested
the experience
D. By
making theinscreens
smaller.

38.

The end