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Категория:

Лингвистика

Key vocabulary. ‫كوكب

approach
‫ يقارب‬- ‫يقترب‬
- Definition: to move towards or come near to something or someone
antonym
noun
adjective
Meaning-synonym
retreat, withdraw, move away
approach
‫طريقة‬-come
‫ نهج‬closer
approachable
near,
advance,
The car approached the intersection slowly.

3.

astronaut
‫رائد فضاء‬
a person who travels in space
Meaning-synonym
adjective
noun
-astronautics
space traveler,
astronautical
- Linguistic notes: "Astronaut" is a compound word made up of "astro-," meaning
"star,"
and "-naut,"
meaning
The
astronaut
trained
for "sailor."
years before going on the space mission

4.

planet
‫كوكب‬
a celestial body that orbits around a star, is spherical in shape,
and has cleared its orbit of debris
Meaning-synonym
celestial body, orb
adjective
noun
planetary
planetoid
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.

5.

process
‫ نظام‬- ‫عملية‬
a series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end
Meaning-synonym
procedure, method, system
noun
procession /processing
verb
process
antonym
chaos, disorder, confusion
adjective
processable
We need to streamline our hiring process to make it more efficient

6.

solar system
‫النظام الشمسي‬
: the collection of planets and other celestial bodies that orbit
around the sun
adjective
verb
solar
solarize
The solar system consists of eight planets and numerous other objects.

7.

spacecraft
‫مركبة فضائية‬
a vehicle designed for travel or operation in space
Meaning-synonym
spaceship, rocket
The spacecraft will launch into orbit later this week.

8.

speaker
‫متحدث‬
A person who speaks or gives a speech or device to amplify sound.
antonym
Meaning-synonym
noun
adjective
verb
listener
speaker
‫ سماعة‬talker
spoken
speak lecturer,
speaking
orator,
The keynote speaker delivered an inspiring speech at the conference.

9.

spectacular
‫ مذهل‬- ‫رائع‬
impressive or sensational, especially visually
Meaning-synonym
antonym
noun
adverb
breathtaking,
stunning,
dull,
boring,
unimpressive
spectacularness
magnificent
spectacularly
The fireworks display was a spectacular sight.

10.

surface
‫سطح‬
the outermost layer or top of something.
noun
adjective
Meaning-synonym
verb
antonym
surfacing
surface
/surfaced
interior,
bottom,
underlying
Surface
‫للسطح‬
‫يطفو‬
exterior,
top,
outerlayer
layer
The surface of the water was calm and still.

11.

surround sound
‫صوت مجسم‬
a system of sound recording and reproduction that creates a
three-dimensional audio experience for the listener
verb
antonym
adjective
surround
surrounding
mono sound
The movie theater has a state-of-the-art surround sound system

12.

universe
‫الكون‬
all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the
cosmos
adjective
antonym
Meaning-synonym
adverb
nothingness, void, nonexistence
universal
universally
cosmos, space, creation
The universe is believed to be around 13.8 billion years old.

13.

mass-produced
‫منتج الي بكميات‬
‫كبيرة‬
produced in large quantities by means of machinery
Meaning-synonym
adjective
verb
Noun
handcrafted, artisanal,
bespoken
standardized,
factory-made,
mass-produce
assembly
line
mass production
The company specializes in mass-produced consumer goods.

14.

astronomer
‫عالم فلك‬
a person who studies astronomy, the branch of science that
deals with celestial objects and phenomena
adjective
Meaning-synonym
noun
astronomical
astronomy
space scientist, skywatcher,
The astronomer discovered a new planet in the outer solar system.

15.

experiment
‫تجربة‬
a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a
hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact
adjective
antonym
verb
noun
Meaning-synonym
experimental
‫تجريبي‬
certainty, fact,
truth
Experiment
‫يجرب‬
experimenter
‫بالتجربة‬
‫قائم‬
trial, test, investigation
The scientist conducted an experiment to see how plants grow in different types of soil.

16.

immerse
‫يبهر‬- ‫يغمر – يدمج‬
to involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest
verb
Meaning-synonym
adjective
noun
antonym
detach, disconnect,
disengage
engage,
involve,
absorb
immersive
immersion
She immersed herself in learning a new language over the summer

17.

immersive
‫مبهر – شديد‬
‫الجاذبية‬
Experience providing a deeply engaging or absorbing
Meaning-synonym
verb
antonym
engrossing,
captivating,
uninteresting,
boring,
unengaging
immerse
involving
The video game has immersive graphics and sound effects that make you feel
like you're in the game.

18.

implement
‫ينفذ‬
to put a plan, decision, or agreement into effect
Meaning-synonym
noun
carry out, execute, put into
implementation / implementer
practice
antonym
abandon, disregard, ignore
We need to implement a new system to improve our productivity.

19.

inconvenient
‫غير مالئم‬
causing trouble, difficulties, or discomfort
Meaning-synonym
antonym
noun
adverb
troublesome,
convenient, easy,awkward,
comfortable
inconvenience
inconveniently
uncomfortable
The early morning flight was inconvenient for many travelers.

20.

innovation
‫ ابتكار‬- ‫ابداع‬
a new idea, method, or product that is introduced and
accepted as useful or effective
verb
noun
adjective
Meaning-synonym
antonym
innovate
innovator
innovative
tradition,
conservatism, stagnation
invention - novelty
The company's success is due to its constant innovation and development
of new products

21.

exercises

22.

23.

24.

25.

Choose the correct definition for each of the following words.
1. Universe
a) the study of celestial objects and phenomena
b) all existing matter and space considered as a whole
c) a type of spacecraft designed for travel in deep space
2. Process
a) a journey to outer space
b) a series of actions taken to achieve a particular end
c) a type of planet in our solar system
3. Speaker
a) a person who travels in space
b) a device that produces sound
c) a type of planet in our solar system
4. Mass-produced
a) handmade and artisanal
b) produced in large quantities by means of machinery
c) a type of spacecraft designed for travel in deep space
5. Approach
a) to move away from something or someone
b) to move towards or come near to something or someone
c) to speak in public or give a speech

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Reading (1)

31.

‘Surround sound’ is a system that uses 3 or more speakers to make you feel like you are ‘surrounded’ by sound. Surround
sound experiments go as far back as the 1930s. In fact, the technology was first introduced in 1940 in the Walt Disney Film
Fantasia, which used Fantasound. This was a system designed to totally immerse the audience in the film like the visuals did.
Unfortunately, it was too expensive to implement on a big scale, as Fantasound needed 54 speakers. It wasn’t until 1975, with
the invention of Dolby Stereo, requiring just four basic speakers that ‘surround sound’ became practical. It was used
spectacularly in the film Star Wars. True surround sound in the home, however, didn’t arrive until 1982, with the introduction
of Dolby Surround technology. But this still required four speakers, making it expensive and inconvenient. Now, a whole new
approach has been developed, by scientists at the Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany, which uses paper instead of
speakers. The team had experimented before; in 2015, they created an illustrated book which had speakers hidden inside the
pages that made noises as readers turned them over. Now they have developed a printing process which can print whole rolls
of the paper-thin speakers, rather than one sheet at a time. They have used this to make the T-ring, a 360-degree paper
speaker, a sound experience more immersive than even a cinema, and can be potentially mass-produced at a competitive
price. Professor Hubler, from the University predicts that one major use of this new idea will be for audio advertising and
packaging. Imagine the packaging on bottles and tins playing music or adverts for you in your local supermarket!!
7.3.Why
1.
2.
3.
4.
When
What
was
iswas
surround
the
Fantasound
true
T-ring?
main
surround
advantage
sound?
too sound
expensive
of using
inisthe
to
paper
home
implement
speakers
introduced?
oninstead
a big
scale?
of traditional
speakers? on
According
to
the
passage,
what
the
potential
impact
of
paper
speaker
technology
does
the
author
imply
about
the
potential
impact
ofin
the
T-ring
paper
speaker
5. What
6.
10.
2.
What
was
is
is
the
the
the
potential
main
potential
first
advantage
filmuse
impact
to
of
use
paper
of
Fantasound?
ofthe
paper
speakers
T-ring
speaker
paper
according
technology
speaker?
tothe
Professor
on
the
audio
Hubler?
industry?
4.
What
is
the
significance
of
the
Walt
Disney
Film
Fantasia
the
development
of paper
8.
What
does
the
author
mean
by
"surrounded
by
sound"
in
opening
sentence
of
the
passage?
a)the
8.
What
How
A
They
It
1930s
system
type
required
many
are
was
of
cheaper
that
speaker
the
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speakers
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invention
many
and
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one
did
speakers
can
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of
that
be
metal
made
mass-produced
Surround
to
create
surround
require?
sound
sound
at
a
competitive
practical?
price
9.9.
What
is
the
purpose
of
using
the
term
"immersive"
to
describe
the
T-ring
paper
speaker?
6.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
7.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
tone
of
the
author
towards
the
T-ring
5.
What
does
the
author
imply
about
the
potential
uses
of
the
T-ring
paper
speaker?
advertising
industry?
technology
on
the
audio
industry?
a)
To
Star
It
could
is
replace
more
Wars
revolutionize
durable
traditional
than
the
speakers
traditional
wayfrom
we
in home
listen
speakers
to
theaters
music and watch movies
surround
sound?
a)
To
be
completely
isolated
all
sound
b)a)
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2It
1940
A
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system
surround
had
have
Stereo
poor
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abe
sound
better
uses
quality
system
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sound
or
that
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more
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traditional
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to create
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ahome
surround
sound experience
a)a)
To
emphasize
that
the
sound
quality
isfive
better
than
traditional
speakers
The
history
and
evolution
of
surround
sound
technology
speaker
technology?
a)
ItWizard
could
used
to
replace
traditional
speakers
in
theaters
It
could
lead
to
more
immersive
audio
advertising
and
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a)a)
could
lead
to
major
changes
in
the
way
we
listen
to
music
and
watch movies
b)
To
The
It
will
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have
immersive
a
no
of
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impact
sound
sound
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traditional
in
theme
parks
speakers
a)
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the
first
film
to
use
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b)
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To
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the
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c)b)
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b)
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a)
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create
immersive
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in
theme
It
will
have
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the
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industry
b) It
It
will
have
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thesound
audio
industry
c)
To
Fantasia
will
is
enhance
cheaper
only
be
the
and
used
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can
for
be
quality
advertising
mass-produced
of live
and
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at a competitive price
b)
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was
the
first
film
to
use
Fantasound
c)
To
have
only
one
type
of
c)c)
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suggest
that
the
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paper
speaker
is
more
expensive
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speakers
d)c)
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4
1982
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are
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and
for
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to
than
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sound
speakers
c)
The
potential
uses
of
paper
speakers
in
the
advertising
industry
b)
Critical
c)
It
could
be
used
to
provide
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advertising
and
packaging
in
supermarkets
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will
make
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c)To
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will
only
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advertising
and
packaging
d)
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Snow
is
provide
easier
be
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too
to
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to
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than
and
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supermarkets
c)
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was
the
first
film
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d)
To
have
sound
that
is
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downplay
the
potential
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the
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paper
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5
Illustrated
book
The
development
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the
T-ring
paper
speaker
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at the Chemnitz University of
c)
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d)
It
has
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the
current
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d)
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will
make
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d) d)
It will
be
too
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It had no significance in the development of surround sound
Technology
d) Cautious

32.

33.

34.

Reading (2)

35.

Teens Astronomers is a website for young people who are interested in finding out about
the world they live in. If you have any burning questions, please email us at teen
astronomers@ theconversation.edu.au. Why has nobody found any life outside of Earth? Tarek, age 17, Zagazig, Egypt. Thank you for your question, Tarek. Astronomers, like us, are
constantly searching for planets that may support human life, but they're not easy to find.
To start with, it's likely that if such a planet exists, it will be outside our solar system. Until
we have invented the technology to get us to these planets, we won't be able to study the
conditions there. But we'll keep using the technology we have to find out what we can until
we have found some evidence. One of the most important things is to find a planet with
water because it is essential for all life forms.
10.
on
passage,
what
is
one
reason
why
scientists
have
notlife?
yetlocated
found life
3.Based
4.
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is the
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it phrase
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to we
find
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planets
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12.
13.
14.
What
the
word
"constantly"
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"burning
questions"
mean
mean
in
in
the
the
mean
passage?
passage?
in
the
passage?
11.
19.
6.
7.
Which
What
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does
of
the
writer's
the
inferred
following
phrase
purpose
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5.
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phrase
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mean?
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of knowledge

36.

Reading (3)

37.

Technology in the Cinema
When you watch a good film, it is easy to forget where you are. Technology, however, is making the film
experience even more real. In the 1970s, a company called IMAX took a different approach. Their films were shown on very
large, tall screens. Special speakers were put behind the screen, which helped to make the sound better and louder. In
addition, the films were made using a special process which made the pictures look much more ‘real’. However, the
problem with these types of films was the cost. They had to build special square cinemas, because people needed to watch
the film in seats which all faced the screen. You also needed special cameras and couldn't make films of more than an hour
long. So these films were nearly all educational, often about nature. One of the most popular was about climbing Mount
Everest and when you watched it, you really felt you were surrounded by snowy mountains.
Since 2000, however, similar technology has allowed traditional films to be made in the same way. These are
mass-produced and shown in traditional cinemas. As a result, many modern films sound great. Many are in 3D, so that the
pictures look real and not flat. Some cinemas even have seats that move while you watch the film to immerse you even
more into the experience. Other cinemas have even experimented with allowing you to ‘feel’ the film using smell, rain and
wind. However, the cost of this will probably mean this technology won’t be in most cinemas.
won'tbest
all summarizes
cinemas use
technology that allows viewers to 'feel' the film?
14. Which of5.
theWhy
following
thethe
passage?
12.
does
the
pronoun
"they"of
refer
tohave
in the
following
sentence:
"You
also
needed
16.
What
is
way
that
modern
cinemas
experimented
with
making
films
more
13.
What
isone
the
main
advantage
traditional
films
made
using
IMAX
technology,
according
A. IMAX
films
were
expensive
to
produce
and
could
only
be
shown
in
special
cinemas,
but
since
2000,
similar
A.
The
technology
is
too
expensive.
11.
What
does
the
phrase
"immersed
into
the
21.19.
22.
23.
15.
17.
18.
What is
Which
does
ofthe
was
is
the
the
the
main
the
following
writer's
purpose
pronoun
main
word
difference
problem
opinion
of
"immersed"
best
"their"
the
summarizes
between
writer's
of
with
refer
IMAX
mean
IMAX
to
use
IMAX
films?
in
the
of
in
films
the
films
the
passage?
following
in
phrase
passage?
and
the
traditional
1970s?
"even
sentence:
more
films
"Their
real"
made
films
in
the
using
were
first
IMAX
shown
1.
2.
3.
4.
What
How
have
is
was
the
IMAX?
traditional
the
main
problem
idea
films
of
with
the
been
IMAX
passage?
made
films
more
in
the
realistic
past?
since
2000?
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
special
What
According
What
cameras
was
kind
is
does
the
to
different
of
writer's
the
the
films
and
phrase
passage,
couldn't
were
about
purpose
"mass-produced"
nearly
the
what
make
in
films
all
writing
is
films
the
educational
shown
benefit
of
this
more
mean
by
passage?
of
IMAX
in
than
in
using
the
the
in
an
past?
the
3D
passage?
hour
technology
1970s?
long.
So
these
in
films?
films
were
20.
realistic?
What
does
the
phrase
"cost
of
this"
refer
to
in
the
last
sentence
of
the
passage?
to
the
passage?
technology
allowed
traditional
films
to
made
more
realistic
and shown
in traditional
cinemas.
B.
The
technology
isof
too
difficult
to
produce.
onA.
technology?
A.
sentence?
IMAX
very
Thehas
They
Fully
large,
films
pictures
engaged
are
the
were
tall
looked
screens."
best
in
revolutionary
the
type
too
experience
fake.
film.
inbetheir
time,
but
modern
technology
has made
traditional
A.
Technology
A
They
By
company
using
were
3D
too
that
is
technology.
making
short.
produces
cinema
traditional
more
realistic.
films.
A.
nearly
They
Traditional
To
It
Produced
makes
describe
all
were
educational,
the
in
made
films
the
large
sound
history
using
quantities
better
often
a
of
special
IMAX
about
and
louder.
films
process
nature."
that
made
the
pictures
look
more
'real'.
A. The
was
cost
the
main
of are
producing
problem
traditional
with
films
using
inbecause
the
IMAX
1970s?
technology.
A.Distracted
They
are
cheaper
to
produce
than
IMAX
films.
B. Traditional
films
being
replaced
by popular
IMAX
films
of their
improved sound and picture quality.
C.
The
technology
is
not
with
viewers.
B.
from
the
experience
A.A.
films
Traditional
IMAX
The
They
To
just
suggest
films
sound
as
are
immersive
films
too
had
quality
that
expensive
better
cinema
was
and
sound
poor.
realistic.
has
to
produce.
and
always
picture
been
quality.
a
realistic
experience.
B.
IMAX
A
They
By
type
using
were
films
of
smell,
cinema
too
arefilms.
expensive
too
rain,
that
expensive
and
shows
wind.
toflat.
make.
films
to technology
produce.
on small
screens.
B.
They
IMAX
To
It
Produced
Fully
makes
explain
engaged
were
films
the
by
how
shown
pictures
aused
in
single
technology
the
on
experience
person
very
look
large,
real
has
and
improved
tall
not
screens.
the
cinema
experience
C. IMAX
films
were
only
for
educational
purposes,
but
has
since allowed for the production of more
B. A.
The
By
cost
using
of
special
producing
cameras.
IMAX
B.
They
can
be
shown
in
traditional
cinemas.
D.
The
technology
is
not
effective
in
making
films
more
realistic.
C.
Disconnected
from
the
experience
B. B.
IMAX
Traditional
They
To emphasize
films
could
are
cinemas
not
were
only
asthe
educational
good
becould
are
impact
shown
as
outdated
traditional
ofinand
technology
special
and
about
films.
should
cinemas.
nature.
onspecial
the
be replaced
cinema
experience.
by
IMAX
cinemas.
C.
Traditional
A
They
By
type
allowing
of
cinema
cinemas
only
seats
be
that
to
shown
will
move.
shows
be
in
replaced
films
on
by
cinemas.
large
IMAX
screens.
cinemas.
diverse
types
of
films.
C.
B.
They
Short
To
It
Produced
Distracted
allows
argue
had
films
seats
that
speakers
by
from
a
educational
to
small
the
move
behind
experience
company
during
films
the
the
screen
are
film.
more
to
improve
important
the
than
sound.
traditional
films
C. The
cost
adding
of producing
more educational
films with
content.
smell,
rain,
and of
wind.
C.ByThey
are
than
other
types
films.
C. D.
C.
Special
Traditional
Educational
To
They
The
Uninterested
criticize
writer
speakers
were
films
films
the
does
too
incan
use
short.
are
the
not
be
of
more
experience
express
shown
technology
important
an
inare
regular
opinion
in
cinema.
than
cinemas.
on
traditional
IMAX
films.
films.
D. The
cinema
has
always
been
realistic,
but
technology
has
made
itmore
even
more
so in recent years.
D.
Educational
A
They
All
type
of
were
the
of
camera
above.
not
films
educational.
used
more
to
make
popular
films.
traditional
films.
D.
Disconnected
Allallows
Animated
To
It
Produced
provide
of experience
the
above.
for
films
information
afrom
specific
to
the
'feel'
audience
experience
for
the
filmmakers
film.
on
how
tothan
make
films
realistic
D.C.
The
By
cost
allowing
of viewers
producing
viewers
to
films
'feel'
with
the
3D
film
technology.
using
smell,
rain,
and
wind.
D. They are more realistic than other types of films.
D..D.
Special
Traditional
Technology
To argue
cameras
films
that
has made
traditional
can bethe
longer
cinema
filmsthan
are
experience
an
better
hour.than
more
IMAX
expensive
films. and less accessible.
Uninterested
the experience
D. By
making theinscreens
smaller.

38.

The end

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