CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

1.

CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
Spotlight 11, Module 2

2.

In order (not) to + V
So as (not) to +V
Он бежит, чтобы успеть за автобусом.
So that + (Who?) CAN/WILL+V
So that +(Who?) COULD/WOULD+ V
Я останусь в офисе, чтобы сделать доклад
Я остался в офисе, чтобы сделать доклад

3.

With the view to + Ving
With the aim of + Ving
Он пришел в офис рано,
чтобы приготовить ей сюрприз
For+ noun (Ving)
Мне нужен твой паспорт,
чтобы купить билеты

4.

IN CASE+ Present (future reference)
IN CASE + Past ( past reference)
У меня есть запасные ключи , если тебе они
будут нужны.
I have a second set of keys in case you
need them
У меня были запасные ключи, если тебе нужно было.
I had a second set of keys in case you
needed them

5.

NEGATIVE PURPOSE
So as not / in order not + to infinitive
Я записала его телефон, чтобы не забыть
So that + (Who?) CAN’T/WON’T+V (present/future)
So that +(Who?) COULDN’T/WOULDN’T+ V (past)
Он спрятал документы, чтобы их не украли
He has hidden papers so that others can’t steal them
Он не сказал правду, чтобы не огорчать жену
He didn’t tell the truth so that he wouldn’t upset his wife

6.

for fear + (who?) might/should
Он позвонил сказать, что будет
поздно, чтобы мы не волновались
He called to say he'd be late for fear
we might worry.
for fear of sth /of doing sth
Питер хранил свои ценности в сейфе,
опасаясь, что кто-нибудь их украдет.
Peter kept his valuables in a safe for fear
of someone stealing them.

7.

prevent + noun/pronoun (+ from) + -Vng
She drew the curtains to prevent the
sunlight (from) coming in.
avoid + Ving
He takes the bus to avoid spending money on petrol.

8.

CLAUSE OF REASON

9.

AS
BECAUSE
FOR (= BECAUSE)
ON THE GROUNDS THAT
THE REASON FOR ( WHY)
They fired him on the grounds that
he wasn't doing his job properly.

10.

• Because оf/Due to + noun/-Ving
The airport had to close due to the severe
snowstorm.
I caught a cold because of standing in the
rain for hours!
• Because of/Due to + the fact that ...
He failed his history test due to the fact
that he hadn’t studied much.

11.

CLAUSE OF RESULT

12.

(and) as a result
(and) as a consequence (formal)
consequently (formal)
so
therefore
It hadn't rained for two months and
as a result
the country was facing a water shortage.

13.

such a(n) + (adjective) + singular
countable noun + that + clause
Она была такая хорошая учительница,
что все студенты ее любили.
such + (adjective) + uncountable plural noun
+ that + clause
Они были такие хорошие студенты,
что все учителя их любили.

14.

such + a lot of + noun + that + clause
He had such a lot of work to do
that he had to cancel our dinner plans.
У него было так много денег, что он
ездил за границу каждый месяц.

15.

so + few/little/many/much + noun + that +
clause
There was so much traffic on the streets that it
took us an hour to drive home.

16.

so + adjective/adverb + that + clause
They were talking so loudly that
the librarian asked them to leave the library.
Он шел так быстро , что я не
могла догнать его