Clauses of purpose, result, reason

1. CLAUSES

2. Clauses of Purpose

+
the same doer of
the action
to + Inf.
in order to + Inf.
so as to + Inf.
with a view to + Ving
with the aim of + Ving
for + Ving
-

3. Clauses of Purpose

+
the same doer of
the action
to + Inf.
in order to + Inf.
so as to + Inf.
with a view to + Ving
with the aim of + Ving
for + Ving
• not to + Inf.
• in order not to + Inf.
• so as not to + Inf.

4. Clauses of Purpose

+
the same doer of
the action
to + Inf.
in order to + Inf.
so as to + Inf.
with a view to + Ving
with the aim of + Ving
for + Ving
not the same doer • so that … can/will
of the action
(present/future)
• so that … could/would
(past)
• in case … + Present
(present/future)
• in case … + Past
(past)
• not to + Inf.
• in order not to + Inf.
• so as not to + Inf.

5. Clauses of Purpose

+
the same doer of
the action
to + Inf.
in order to + Inf.
so as to + Inf.
with a view to + Ving
with the aim of + Ving
for + Ving
not the same doer • so that … can/will
of the action
(present/future)
• so that … could/would
(past)
• in case … + Present
(present/future)
• in case … + Past
(past)
• not to + Inf.
• in order not to + Inf.
• so as not to + Inf.
• so that … can’t/won’t
(present/future)
• so that … couldn’t/wouldn’t
(past)
• in case … + Present (-)
(present/future)
• in case … + Past (-)
(past)
• to prevent smth from +
Noun/Ving
• to avoid + Noun/Ving

6. Clauses of Result

So
Therefore,
As a result,
As a consequence,
Consequently
• such a + Singular Noun + that …
• such + Plural/Uncountable Noun + that…
• so + Adjective/Adverb + that…

7. Clauses of Reason

due to / because of Noun/Ving
due to / because of the fact that + Clause
because / for + Clause
as / since + Clause
on the ground that + Clause
the reason for smth is
the reason why + Clause + is