Medical emergencies and first aid

1.

MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
AND FIRST AID
3132001/20701
Bochkov Artemiy
Velichko Angelina
Gnidina Anastasia

2.

1. DRSABCs

3.

2. Choking and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Perform only on a flat, hard surface, alternating cardiac massage with artificial respiration.
Expose
the chest and loosen the
belt
Cover
the xiphoid process with two
fingers
Make sure
there is no pulse on the
carotid artery
Deliver
a precordial thump
with a fist to the
sternum
Begin
chest compressions
(indirect heart massage)
The chest compression depth
should be at least 3–4 cm, with a
rate of 50–80 compressions per
minute.
Give
a rescue breath
(artificial respiration)
Pinch the nose, grasp the chin,
tilt the victim’s head back, and
give a full breath into their
mouth

4.

3. Shock
Apply splints
for fractures
Lay the person on
their back and
keep them calm
Apply a tourniquet
in case of arterial
bleeding
Raise the legs in
case of bleeding or
abdominal injuries
Call emergency
medical services
Begin oxygen
inhalation
Cover wounds
with dressings
Ensure the person
is transported to a
hospital
Provide pain relief

5.

4. Chemical burns
1
Gently separate the eyelids
with your fingers and place the
eye under a stream of cold
water
2
Rinse the eye under the
stream so that the water flows
from the nose outward
Not allowed!
Do not use neutralizing liquids if caustic chemicals (acid
or alkali) get into the eyes.

6.

5. Electrical burns
Stay Safe First. Is the electricity off?
Do NOT touch the person if they
are still connected.
the wire is of unknown or high voltage
low voltage
A dry stick
or rope
seek
professional
help
Sterile
dressing
Check
Airway,
Breathing,
Circulation.
Call an ambulance

7.

6. Thermal burns
Types of burns
1
2
Red, dry skin. Affects
top layer only.
Blisters, wet or shiny look.
Affects deeper skin layers.
3
4
White, waxy or charred skin. Affects all
skin layers. Nerve damage.

8.

First
aid
Cool
min
2-4 types of burns
Call
or
or
min
Cover
103

9.

7. Fractures (broken bones)
Pain
Signs of a Broken Bone
Swelling
Can't move
Bruising
Deformity

10.

Types of Broken Bones
Closed Fracture
Bone breaks, no open wound.
Open Fracture
Bone sticks out, bleeding.

11.

Step 1: immobolize
What to Do?
Step 1: stop the bleeding
Step 2: analgesic
Step 2: apply a sterile dressing
+ immobolize
Step 4: Call an ambulance
Step 3: apply a cold
Cold
Step 3: analgesic

12.

Never Do This!
Don't push bone back
!
Don't use ice directly on skin
!
Don't give food/water
!

13.

8. Frostbite

14.

Don’ts
Do’s
Remove any wet
clothes
Blanket
Warm water for
hands
Warm water for
legs
Drink warm tea
Call the doctor
Rubbing the body
with snow
Warming frostbitten
areas over a fire
Taking a hot bath

15.

9. Hypothermia
Signs:
• Shivering, pale/blue skin.
• Slow speech, confusion.
• Weak pulse, shallow breathing.
DO:
• Move to a warm place.
• Remove wet clothes, cover with blankets.
• Give warm sweet drinks (if awake).
DO NOT:
• Rub skin with snow or alcohol.
• Use hot water.
• Give alcohol.

16.

10. Heat exhaustion
Symptoms:
• Heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness.
• Nausea, cold/clammy skin.
• Fast weak pulse.
What to Do:
• Move to shade/cool area.
• Loosen clothes, lie down, raise legs.
• Give water with salt or rehydration drink.
• Apply cold cloth to neck/armpits.
DO NOT ignore! Can turn into heat stroke.

17.

11. Heat stroke
Danger Signs
• Body temperature >40°C, dry/hot skin.
• Confusion, seizures, unconsciousness.
Emergency Steps
1. Cool the body – wet cloths, fan.
2. Apply ice to neck
3. Call ambulance – needs hospital NOW!
4. DO NOT give water if unconscious!
Warning: Heat stroke can kill – act fast!

18.

12. Bites
Basic Rules
• Wash wound with soap and water.
• Cover with clean cloth.
VENOMOUS SNAKE
Snake bite
• Keep limb still.
• DO NOT cut wound or suck venom.
Animal bite
• Check for rabies (go to hospital).
Call ambulance if:
• Swelling, trouble breathing (allergy).
• Poisonous snake/insect bite.
NOT A VENOMOUS SNAKE