Essay 38

1.

интенсив
Эссе на основе
графиков
- 2026 -

2. ЕГЭ 2026 г.

3. ЕГЭ 2026 г.

4. ЕГКР

5. ЕГКР

6.

• В задании 38 КИМ ЕГЭ с 2024 г. статистические данные
даются с прямым указанием вопроса, заданного целевой
аудитории – тем, кто непосредственно участвует в
указанном действии/процессе и дает ответ, исходя из
личного опыта.

7.

Опрос закрытого типа:
опрошенные выбирают 1 вариант ответа из
5-ти предложенных

8.

• Количество слов:
Подсчет слов:
− стяжённые (краткие) формы can’t, didn’t, isn’t,
I’m и т.п. считаются как одно слово;
− числительные, выраженные цифрами, т.е. 1, 25,
2009, 126 204 и т.п., считаются как одно слово;
• 200-250 words +/- 10%
• 200 – 20 = 180 (мин. граница) − числительные, выраженные цифрами, вместе с
условным обозначением процентов, т.е. 25%,
• 250 + 25 = 275 (макс. граница) 100% и т.п., считаются как одно слово;
−
числительные,
выраженные
словами,
считаются как слова;
• 276 слов = 26 лишних слов
− сложные слова, такие как good-looking, wellbred, English-speaking, twenty-five, считаются как
одно слово;
− сокращения, например USA, e-mail, TV, CD-rom,
считаются как одно слово.

9.

• 30% = одно слово
• 30 percent = два слова
• 30 per cent = три слова
• thirty percent – лог. ош.! -> 30%
• A.Pushkin = 1 слово

10. Высказывание носит продуктивный характер = Отсутствуют текстуальные совпадения

Порядок определения процента текстуальных совпадений в задании 38
При оценивании выполнения задания 40 (развёрнутое письменное
высказывание с элементами рассуждения на основе таблицы/диаграммы)
особое внимание уделяется способности экзаменуемого продуцировать
развёрнутое письменное высказывание. Если более 30% ответа имеет
непродуктивный характер, т.е. текстуально совпадает с опубликованным
источником, то выставляется 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной
задачи», и, соответственно, ответ на это задание по всем критериям
оценивается в 0 баллов.
Текстуальным совпадением считается дословное совпадение отрезка
письменной речи длиной 10 и более слов.
Выявленные текстуальные совпадения суммируются, и при превышении ими
30% от общего количества слов в ответе работа оценивается в 0 баллов.

11.

• 200 слов всего в эссе
• 30% - 60 слов
• Если 60 и более слов совпадает, то это 0 баллов.

12. Схема оценивания:

13. Схема оценивания:

14. Схема оценивания:

15. В задании 38 даны:

Коммуникативная ситуация (описывается во вступлении):
автор работает над проектом, он нашел таблицу /
диаграмму с нужными статистическими данными =
результатами соцопроса, и собирается проанализировать
их в своем эссе.
Коммуникативная задача – описать найденные данные (2-3
факта с цифрами) и 1-2 факта сравнить с комментарием,
выявить возможную/некую проблему в данной сфере и
предложить ее решение, выразить свое мнение согласно 5му пункту задания и обосновать его.

16.

Выбираем задание
• Выбираем то задание, в котором 1) тема проекта, 2) survey
question, 3) суть опций в графике, 4) проблема и
предполагаемое решение и 5) заключение кажутся
понятными и простыми для написания (+ в котором
короче опции).
• Ограничители!

17.

1 абзац, Введение

18. 1 абзац = Вступление: отразить коммуникативную ситуацию

19.

Вводное предложение – ??

20. Вводное предложение =

I am doing a project / working on a project on + … Zetland
teenagers’ expectations (preferences) …
The aim of my project is to find out + WHY, WHERE …
My project is about + … typical ways of getting around …

21. Формулировки темы проекта

a project on WHY , WHERE, HOW OFTEN …
a project on DOING…
a project called “Zetland: … ”

22. Как писать вступление: 1 способ (самый простой)

Начать с темы проекта
I am doing / working on a project on …
- I am doing a project on studying foreign languages in
Zetland /
on HOW Zetland teenagers prepare for
exams / called “Zetland: riding a bicycle around the city”.

23. Как писать вступление: 2 способ

Начать с цели проекта + добавить тему
The aim of my project is to find out / examine + WHY, WHERE,
HOW OFTEN … тема проекта из задания
My project aims to find out / examine … + WHY, WHERE, HOW
OFTEN тема проекта из задания
My project is aimed at examining … + WHY, WHERE, HOW OFTEN
тема проекта из задания

24.

Вводное предложение – ??
- seldom, rarely, refuse, avoid
… why Zetlanders rarely buy Christmas presents online

25.

• I am doing a project on
Zetlanders’ priorities in reading
and discussing the news in
social networks. As part of my
project, I have found a pie chart
with some results of a relevant
survey
conducted
among
Zetland social networks users.
In this essay, I will/am going to
analyse/describe the data and
express my opinion on the
subject of the project.

26.

27. Из чата:

28. Шаблон:

• I am doing a project on … … … / “ … … … ”. As part of my
project, I have found a pie chart with some results of a
relevant survey conducted among … … … . In this essay,
I will/am going to analyse the data and express my
opinion on the subject of the project.

29.

• Тема проекта -> Введение
• Survey question -> 2-й абзац

30.

• Describe – можно в 1-м абзаце (нельзя во 2-м: the
respondents describe … as … )
• Findings в 1-м абзаце – НЕТ

31.

32.

33.

fipi@fipi.ru

34.

2 абзац: факты (2-3)

35. 2 абзац = Факты: select and report 2-3 facts

Требования:
Писать так, чтобы было понятно, на какой вопрос отвечали
респонденты =
Писать так, чтобы было понятно, какие данные используются
= результаты опросов
Ссылаться на данные / результаты опросов / таблицу и
диаграмму
Привести 2-3 факта c 2-3 числовыми показателями = цифры и
проценты из графика (МОЖНО все 5 опций + процентами)
Числительные писать цифрами
Участники опроса (THE students, THE respondents, THOSE
surveyed/polled)

36. 2 абзац = Факты

Как описывать факты?

37. 2 абзац = Факты

ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО описывать данные во взаимосвязи с
вопросом, заданным респондентам:
1) через цитирование вопроса
ИЛИ
2) через передачу смысла вопроса и встраивание его в
предложение

38.

39.

2. Факты (2-3): цитирование вопроса
2. According to the data, the option “To improve focus and
attention” (40%) is the most popular response to the
survey question “Why do you do cyber sports?”

40.

2. Факты (2-3): цитирование вопроса
2. According to the data, the most popular response to
the survey question “Why do you do cyber sports?” is (the
option) “To improve focus and attention” (40%).

41.

2. Факты (2-3): встраивание вопроса в текст
2. According to the data, 40% of the respondents do cyber
sports because they want to improve focus and attention
(40%).
2. According to the data, the most popular reason why
the respondents do cyber sports is that these sports
improve focus and attention (40%).

42.

2. Факты (2-3): встраивание вопроса в текст
2) According to the data, the option “Genre” (31%) is
the most popular response to the survey question “What
do you take into consideration when choosing a film to
watch?”
2) According to the data, the most popular factor that
the respondents take into consideration when choosing
a film to watch is its genre (31%).

43.

2. Факты (2-3): встраивание вопроса в текст
2) According to the data, the option “Politician” (27%) is
the most popular response to the survey question “What
job requires public speaking skills the most?”
2) According to the data, most of the respondents (27%)
believe that the job of a politician requires public
speaking skills the most.

44. 2 абзац = Факты

Сколько фактов?

45.

Что такое факт?
Термины:
1. факт
2. вариант ответа = опция в графике
3. процент = цифра / число
• Факт = опция (и) + процент (ы)

46. Select and report 2-3 facts: как?

1) выбрать и назвать 2 опции с процентами

47. Select and report 2-3 facts: как?

2) выбрать и назвать 3 опции с процентами

48.

49. Select and report 2-3 facts: как?

3) использовать все 5 опций/категорий с процентами, объединив их в 2/3
факта
- по количественному признаку: 1) большинство, 2) среднее кол-во,
3) меньшинство; 1) самый популярный, 2) средний по популярности, 3) наименее
популярный;
1) больше половины, 2) меньше половины
1) Самый высокий процент, 2) все остальные проценты

50. Select and report 2-3 facts: как?

4) объединить 5 опций с процентами в 2/3 факта (СЛОЖНО)
- по качественному признаку

51. 2 абзац = Факты: как?

1) представить 5 опций в виде 2/3-х фактов, а
потом в 3-ем абзаце сравнить любые два процента
2) взять 2-3 опции для описания фактов, а потом в
3-ем абзаце сравнить оставшиеся опции
3) взять 2-3-4 опции для описания фактов, а потом
в 3-ем абзаце сравнить одну из упоминаемых ранее
с оставшейся опцией

52.

• Тема проекта -> Вступление (1 абзац)
• Survey question -> Описание фактов (2 абзац)

53. 2 абзац = Описание фактов (2-3): Глаголы: + choose, opt for - describe, mention - vote, pick

54.

55. The option / the response - ?

• 32% of the respondents choose the option “To tidy the house”,
whereas 3% of them opt for ___ “To buy a new outfit”.
• 32% of the respondents choose to tidy the house.

56.

Считается ли всегда лекс. ошибкой отсутствие слова
option или response перед опцией в кавычках – ??

57.

Если из текста понятно, что идет речь о варианте
ответа, то писать (еще раз) слова option / response –
не нужно.

58.

Кавычки:
Нужно писать сверху (но первые кавычки внизу
ошибкой не считаются)
Опции – с большой буквы

59.

Тип ошибки?
• 30% of the respondents prefer bad weather. -> РКЗ
(содержательная неточность)
• 30% of the respondents choose ___ “Bad weather”. -> лексика
(не хватает the option)
• 30% of the respondents choose the option “Bad weather. ->
пунктуация (кавычки не закрыты)
• 30% of the respondents choose the option Bad weather. ->
орфография + пунктуация (заглавная буква без кавычек)

60.

Пунктуация в эссе:
В плане пунктуационных ошибок учитывается:
правильное оформление начала и конца предложений (заглавная буква, точка,
восклицательный и вопросительный знаки);
наличие запятой при однородных членах;
наличие запятой при вводных словах;
наличие кавычек при прямой речи;
наличие кавычек при цитировании (в ведение опции).
Англ. кавычки отличны от русских, но пока принимается любой вариант.
Однако если кавычки открыты и не закрыты – это пунктуационная ошибка.
Пунктуационная ошибка – введение опции из таблицы/диаграммы с
заглавной буквы без кавычек: ... the most popular reason is To make new friends...
Правильно: ... the most popular response is "To make new friends".

61.

62. - select and report 2-3 facts

1. Самый ПРОСТОЙ способ:
через цитирование опций (в кавычках)

63.

1.1. Первая опция + все остальные
2. According to the data, 1) the option “…” (%) is the most
popular response to the survey question “…. … ….?” 2) The
other responses are “…”, “…”, “…”, “…”, at %, %, % and %
respectively.

64.

ИЛИ:
2. According to the data, the most popular response to the
survey question “…. … ….?” is “…” (%). The other
responses are “…”, “…”, “…”, “…”, at %, %, % and %
respectively.

65.

1.1. Первая опция + все остальные: еще короче
2. According to the data, the option “…” (%) is the most
popular response to the survey question “…. … ….?” The
other responses are “…” (%), “…” (%), “…” (%), “…” (%).

66.

1.1. Первая опция + все остальные
2. According to the data, the option “Interest in
technology” (48%) is the most popular response to the
survey question “Why have you chosen to major in
technical studies?” The other responses are “Public
significance”, “High salary”, “Many job vacancies”,
“Practical skills development”, at 20%, 18%, 9% and 5%
respectively.

67.

• Response: popular, common, frequent, frequently chosen by
the respondents

68.

1.2. Первая + последняя опции, потом все остальные:
2. According to the data, the option “…” is the most
common response to the survey question “… … … … …?”
By contrast, the option “…” is the least popular one. The
other responses are “…”, “…” and “…”, at %, % and %
respectively.

69.

Для того, чтобы выбрать способ описания
фактов, нужно сначала определить то, что
будете сравнивать

70.

1.3. Три опции: 1-я, 2-я, 3-я опции
2. According to the data, the most popular response to
the survey question “ … … … … …?” is “ … … ” (%). It is
followed by such responses as “…” and “…”, at % and %
respectively.
2. According to the data, the option “…” is the most
popular response to the survey question “… … … … …?”
The second and the third most popular responses are “…
“… …” (%) and “… …” (%).

71.

1.4. 1-я, 2-я, 3-я или 1-я, 3-я и 4-я опции
2. According to the data, the most popular response to
the survey question “… … … … …?” is “… …” (%). Such
responses as “… …” (%) and “… …” (%) come second / third
and third / fourth respectively.

72.

1.5. 1-я, 2-я, последняя
2. According to the data, the most popular response to
the survey question “… … … … …?” is “… …” (%). The
response “… …” (%) comes second, whereas “… …” (%)
ranks the lowest.

73.

1.6. 1-я + 2-я, 3-я + последняя
2. According to the data, the two most popular responses
to the survey question “… … … … …?” are “… …” (%) and
“… …”(%) . The response “… …” (%) comes third, whereas
“… …” (%) ranks the lowest.

74.

• … , at %.
• … , with 24% of the respondents choosing it.

75.

1.7. Первая и последняя опции:
2. According to the data, the question the respondents
were asked is/was “… … ?” The most popular / common /
frequent response is/was “….” (%), whereas the least
popular one is/was “…” (%).

76. Обязательно:

• упомянуть минимум 3 опции (на два абзаца, 2-й и 3-й).
• «В лучших работах мы наблюдаем все 5 опций» (на два
абзаца).
• ДОПУСТИМО описывать все 5 опций с % уже во 2-м абзаце.

77. FAQ:

• Глаголы действий (choose, select, opt for) можно писать
и в Present Simple, и в Past Simple.
• НО! В одном абзаце пишем в ОДНОМ времени.

78. Повтор фактов и языковых конструкций - ???

• имеет место, когда одни и те же опции описываются во 2-м
абзаце и сравниваются в 3-ем ТЕМИ ЖЕ языковыми
средствами.

79. - select and report 2-3 facts

2 способ: идём через опции, не “цитируя”, а передавая
смысл и встраивая в текст

80.

2) According to the data, an opportunity to access class from
anywhere (37%) is the most common reason why
the respondents prefer to study online. Better structured online
materials (25%) are the second most common reason for those
surveyed, whereas an opportunity to combine full-time work with
studies (11%) is the least common one.

81. - select and report 2-3 facts

3 способ (более сложный): идём через респондентов и
глагол. Не цитируем вопрос, а встраиваем его в текст
абзаца

82.

2) According to the data, most of the respondents (48%) have
chosen the teaching profession because they are passionate
about education. 20% of those surveyed have decided to become
teachers because this profession has/is of (great) public
significance and 18% (of the survey participants) have chosen
teaching because it is a stable and high-demand job.

83.

2) According to the data, most of the respondents (48%) consider
high-quality teaching to be the most important factor in choosing
a school for their children. Modern technical equipment and
excellent sports facilities are the most significant factors for 18%
and 13% of those surveyed respectively. The school location
matters the most only to 10% of the survey participants.

84.

85.

86.

Опрошенные:
• THE teenagers / the students / the users
• The respondents
• Those (who were) polled / surveyed / questioned
• Those who participated / took part in the survey
• The participants in the survey
• 30% of the sample

87.

88. Кавычки: опция, цитирование

• 38% of the respondents chose/selected the option “Health
care”.
• Only 8% of the respondents selected the “Other” option.

89. Кавычки:

• “Selfies” is the most popular response, at 43%.
• Selfies are the most popular choice, at 43%.
• The most popular response is “To make new friends” (37%).
• Making new friends (37%) is the most popular response.

90. Number of THE respondents

• A large number of the students (63%) volunteer at …
• Just under a quarter of the viewers (23%) use mobile phones to …
• A very high proportion of the users (52%) prefer …
• Only a small proportion of those polled (8%) like …
• Another 10% / 5% enjoy…
гл. во множ. числе!

91. Number of THE respondents

• The number of those who prefer … is the highest /
lowest (…%).
• The percentage/proportion of the respondents who
voted for … is the highest / the lowest (…%).
гл. в ед. числе!

92. Составлять …%

make up …% (of the total)
account for …% (of the total)
constitute …% (of the total)
are/is equal to … …% (of the total)

93. Facts:

1) (Первая опция – the most popular response to the survey question “… … … ?” + The other responses
are … (…%), … , … and … (…%).
2) (Первая опция – the most popular response to the survey question “… … …”? It is followed by such
responses as … (%), … and … . / Such responses as … and … come second and third respectively.
3) (Первая и вторая опции) + The other two / three reasons include … , … and … , at …%, …% and
…% respectively.
4) (Большинство whereas меньшинство) + The in-between responses/ options are … (…%), … (…%)
and (…%).
5) (Большинство респондентов whereas меньшинство респондентов) + The rest of those polled
choose … (…%), … (…%) and (…%).
6) (Две самые большие группы опрошенных (…% and …% respectively) choose + The rest of those
polled prefer … (…%), … (…%) and (…%).

94. Из памятки для экспертов:

95.

96. 2 абзац = ОТ

• Мостики-переходы к абзацам обязательны!

97.

• It is / can be seen from…
• As is / can be seen from…

98. 2 абзац = ОТ

2 абзац = ОТ
According to the data, the majority of the
respondents choose this type of education because it
gives the possibility to access class from anywhere
(37%). Moreover, opportunity to watch lessons many
times is also essential for young people (14%).
However, combining full-time work with studies
appears to be not very important for students (11%).
• 3 ош по ОТ

99. Шаблон необходим!

100.

3 абзац: сравнение +
комментарий

101. 3 абзац = Сравнение и комментарий к сравнению

Требования
сравнить 2 числовых показателя, сравнение должно быть
существенным;
привести
содержательный
к сравнению;
комментарий-пояснение
вводная фраза / вводное предложение в начале абзаца
ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНЫ.

102.

Типичные проблемы в сравнении:
Сравнение процентов с маленькой разницей:
1) уч-ся часто не могут адекватно, содержательно
прокомментировать;
2) как правило, маленькая разница - это статистическая
погрешность.

103.

104. 3 абзац = Типичные проблемы: сравнение = НЕ сравнение

• Если автор просто приводит цифры: 30% респондентов
выбрали/дали ответ… 10% дали другой ответ…, это уместно во
втором абзаце, но неуместно в третьем, так как не является
сравнением в полном смысле этого слова.
• Не надо брать 2 числовых показателя в качестве фактов (во 2-м
абзаце) и ИХ ЖЕ сравнивать (в 3-ем абзаце) -> повтор. «Простой
повтор цифр/фактов показывает желание автора избежать
сложных языковых моментов».

105. 3 абзац

106. 3 абзац: cравнение 1) грам. ср-ва: степени сравнения прилаг-х, наречий, 2) лекс. ср-ва: difference, (in) significant,

major/minor,
considerable, …
3) синтаксические ср-ва: (while, whereas, …)

107. compare

• The group of those who enjoy … is 12% larger than the group of
those who like … .
• The percentage / proportion of … is 7% higher than the percentage /
proportion of … .
• Exercising in a gym is 5% more commonly/frequently chosen by the
respondents than jogging outdoors.
• Adventure stories are 6% more popular than detective stories.

108. compare: “в 2 раза больше” = twice as adj. as

• Stories about animals are twice as popular as romance.
• Keeping pets for company is twice as common as adopting a pet
in order to look after someone.
• The first reason is twice as commonly/frequently selected by the
respondents as the second reason.
• The proportion of those who use … is twice as high as the
proportion of those who choose … .

109. compare: “в 3 (4, … ) раза больше”: three / four times as adj. as

• Adventure stories are three times as popular as romance.
• Using smartphones for communication is four times as
common as using them for sending and receiving emails.
• Language of tuition is given as a reason by nearly five times as
many students as good language support, at 95% and 20%
respectively.

110. compare: “в 2 раза меньше”: half the number, half as adj. as

- 26% of the respondents prefer to exercise outdoors, which is
exactly half the number of those who prefer to go to the gym
(52%).
- “Improving foreign language skills” (12%) is half as common as
“having fun” (24%).

111.

112. compare: в два/три/… раза

• … is twice as popular as …
• … is three times as common as …
• … half as common as…
•… half as popular as…

113. compare: меньше

• (much/far) less common / popular than…
• … is 6% less common / popular than …
• 10% less frequently chosen by the respondents than…
• a lot fewer of the respondents …

114. 3 абзац = Что можно сравнивать?

• Показатели, разницу между которыми мы МОЖЕМ
ЛОГИЧНО и СОДЕРЖАТЕЛЬНО ПРОКОММЕНТИРОВАТЬ:
разница наводит нас на какие-то мысли
• Показатели, между которыми (очень) большая разница
(крайние показатели)
• Показатели, между которыми очень маленькая разница
(близко располагающиеся показатели) – рискованно!

115. 3 абзац = Что можно комментировать?

• Важно прокомментировать РАЗНИЦУ
показателями.
между 2-мя

116.

117. Шаблон необходим!

118.

3 абзац, четыре способа выполнить сравнение:
1. Сравнить между собой оставшиеся после 2-го абзаца проценты.
2. Выбрать любые два из пяти числовых показателей, которые
приводились во 2-м абзаце, и сравнить их.
3. Если во 2-м абзаце описали 4 опции с %, то в 3-ем вводим 5-ю
опцию и сравниваем 5-й числовой показатель, который не вошел
во второй абзац, с любым другим.
4. Если во 2-м абзаце описали 3 опции с %, то в 3-ем вводим 4-ю и
5-ю опции и сравниваем их между собой ЛИБО сравниваем одну
из них с чем-то из 2-го абзаца.

119.

• Если хотите отсылку
респондентам:
к
вопросу,
заданному
• Comparing the responses to the survey question, … /
• Comparing the results of the survey, …

120.

• В метод. рекомендациях и памятке для экспертов
видим следующее:
• Означает ли это, что в 3-ем абзаце нужно снова
упоминать тему проекта / заданный вопрос? - Нет!

121. Организация Текста:

122. Комментарий:

123.

Типичные проблемы в сравнении и комментарии:
Комментируется не разница, а положение одной из опций
в графике.

124. как прокомментировать сравнение:

• Объяснение как вывод (умозаключение) из данных:
- I think the reason behind this difference is that … / one reason behind this
difference is that
- This difference might be explained by the fact that…
- I think this is/might be explained by the fact that …
- I think this is /might be due to the fact that …
- This difference suggests / means that …
• Объяснение как предположение - обобщение:
- This is probably because … / This might be because …
- This is likely to result in … / This can lead to …

125. как прокомментировать сравнение:

• Эмоциональный отклик:
- Unfortunately, … Regrettably, … Sadly, …
- It is encouraging to note that …
• Личная оценка
- Notably, … / Surprisingly, … / Predictably, … / Interestingly, …
- It is interesting to note…
- The results confirm that …

126. как прокомментировать сравнение:

- Honestly, … Frankly speaking, … To tell you the truth, …

127.

3. Сравнение (1-2) + комментарий:
3. Notably, the figure for the response/survey option “Make paper
cards with words” is 43% higher than the one for / that for the
option “Learn lists of words by heart”. I think the reason behind
this difference is that learning by heart is a passive and boring
way to memorize new words, whereas creating one’s own cards
and writing words on them is an active and engaging
memorization method.

128. Из чата:

• Проценты в 3-ем абзаце?

129.

3. Сравнение (1-2) + комментарий:
3. Notably, the figure for the option “Environmental concerns” is
31 % higher than the one for / that for (the option) “Practical skills
development”. I think the reason behind this difference is that
most of the respondents are more concerned about the pressing
ecological problems facing the planet today than the need to
develop practical skills.

130.

3. Сравнение (1-2) + комментарий:
3. Notably, the figure for the option “Environmental concerns” is
31 % higher than the one for / that for (the option) “Practical skills
development”. I think the reason behind this difference is that
many other disciplines enable students to develop practical skills,
whereas only agricultural sciences allow future specialists to
address the pressing ecological problems caused by agriculture
today.

131.

132.

Типичные ошибки / проблемы в комментарии:
1. Дублирование информации из графика, комментарий дан теми же
словами / с одним и тем же смыслом: prefer -> like better, find more
interesting, refuse -> do not want.
2. Ошибочные выводы из сравнения, неверные предположения,
чрезмерные обобщения (= из данных об ограниченном круге
опрошенных Зетландцев делается вывод обо всех людях).
3. Вывод, противоречащий данным из графика.
4. С большой осторожностью (скорее не стоит): сравнение с Россией,
другой страной.

133. Комментарий к сравнению_1:

• Разница такая … -> потому что это факт, это так
везде

134. Комментарий к сравнению_1:

• Разница такая … -> потому что это факт, это так
везде:
•__ is more effective for… than __
•__ provides better opportunities for … than__

135.

136.

• This difference can be explained
by the fact that …

137.

• Public speaking is a practical skill.
• Improving public speaking skills
requires a lot of practice.
• Special
courses
provide
an
opportunity to build skills step by
step.
• Reading a book enables one to
learn about skills but it is not
enough for developing a skill.

138. Комментарий к сравнению_2:

• Проводим параллель (между опрошенными и людьми вообще) на
основе общеизвестной информации, общей тенденции:
такая разница между процентами из графиками… -> потому что в
мире / в целом / у большинства обычно так и есть (mainly, generally,
usually);
…
обычно
воспринимается
людьми
как
более
предпочтительное по сравнению с …
• It is a popular trend…
• It is typical of this age group / teenagers to …
• People usually seem to … more than …
• Modern teenagers usually / generally …
• It is usually / generally considered … / viewed as … / seen as …

139.

140.

3. Сравнение + комментарий:
3. Notably, the figure for the option “Possibility to access
classes from anywhere” is 23% higher than the one for the
response “Opportunity to watch lessons many times”. I think
the reason behind this difference is that modern university
students often / tend to combine studies with work, so the
flexibility to study from any place is more important to them
than the ability to rewatch video lessons.

141.

• According to the table, avoiding eating fast food (42%) is the most popular way
to stay healthy among the respondents, whereas doing morning exercises (2%) is
the least popular way. The other three ways to maintain health are having a
balanced diet, doing sports and getting to bed early, at 24%, 22% and 10%
respectively.
• Predictably, the figure for the option “Avoiding eating fast food” is much higher
than the figure for “Exercising in the morning”. In fact, the former is 40% higher
than the latter. I think the reason for this substantial difference is /might be that it
is usually much easier for people to stay away from unhealthy food than work
out every morning.
•Обычно для людей легче НЕ есть вредную еду,
чем делать утреннюю зарядку – вот и у опрошенных так же.

142. Комментарий к сравнению (3):

• Разница такая … -> потому что в принципе есть
для нее соответствующие условия, ситуация,
реальные предпосылки <- предположение о
большинстве респондентов

143.

• According to the pie chart, relaxing at home (38%) is the most popular way to
spend a weekend among the respondents, followed by eating out (32%) and meeting
with friends (20%). At the other end of the spectrum, there are such weekend
activities as shopping and going to the cinema, at 7% and 3% respectively.
• Interestingly, there is quite a substantial difference between the figure for the
option “Relaxing at home” and the one for (the response) “Going to the cinema”:
the former is 35% higher than the latter. This is probably because after a busy
week the majority of the respondents feel too tired to go to the cinema and as a
result, decide to rest and watch films at home.
•Предпосылка такой разницы: работают всю неделю, поэтому к выходным
уже слишком уставшие, чтобы идти в кино, и в итоге остаются дома

144. Комментарий к сравнению (4):

• Что-то делают, ходят, смотрят, выбирают … ->
потому что больше нравится, более интересно, более
популярно

145.

3) Predictably, there is quite a considerable difference between the
figure for the response “Passion for education” and the one for
“Public significance”: the former is 28% higher than the latter. I think
the reason is that most people who become teachers are
driven/motivated by a great interest in education and strong
enthusiasm for teaching rather than an understanding of the
significance of this job.

146.

3) Predictably, there is quite a large / considerable difference between the
figure for the response “Selfies” and the one for “Pictures of food”: the former is
more than five times as high as the latter / the former is 29% higher than the
latter. I think the reason is that the majority of the respondents, like many other
today’s teenagers, find sharing photos of themselves more enjoyable and
rewarding than posting pictures of food.
• Большинство голосов было отдано за селфи, а не за фото еды, т.к.
проголосовавшим больше нравится фотографировать себя и постить
селфи, а не еду

147. Комментарий к сравнению (5):

• … Нравится, интересует, предпочитают, популярно ->
потому что является более ценным / необходимым /
полезным / заставляет чувствовать себя более …

148.

3) Predictably, there is quite a considerable difference between the
figure for the option “Music” and the one for “Love and friendship”: the
former is more than four times as high as the latter / the former is 27%
higher than the latter. I think this is because discussing such personal
matters as love and friendship usually makes teenagers feel confused,
whereas discussing music makes them feel relaxed and confident.

149.

Сравнение: более длинный и более короткий варианты
• Predictably, the figure for the option “Avoiding eating fast food” is
much higher than the figure for “Exercising in the morning”. In fact,
the former is 40% higher than the latter. I think the reason for this
substantial difference is /might be that it is usually much easier for
people to stay away from unhealthy food than work out every
morning.
• Notably, the figure for the option “Avoiding eating fast food” is 40%
higher than the figure for “Exercising in the morning”. I think the
reason for this substantial difference is /might be that it is usually
much easier for people to stay away from unhealthy food than work
out every morning.

150.

Сравнение: с цифрами
• Notably, the figure for the option “Avoiding eating fast food” is 40%
higher than the figure for “Exercising in the morning”. I think the
reason for this substantial difference is /might be that it is usually
much easier for people to stay away from unhealthy food than work
out every morning.
• Notably, the figure for the option “Avoiding eating fast food” (50%)
is much / a lot higher than the figure for “Exercising in the
morning” (10%). I think the reason for this substantial difference is
/might be that it is usually much easier for people to stay away from
unhealthy food than work out every morning.

151. FAQ:

• Правильно ли я поняла, что числительные пишем цифрами,
только говоря о процентах? Фразы типа "в 2 раза больше"
или "первый по популярности"- словами?
• Да.

152.

• Из МР на
ошибок:
основе

153.

• Findings – лекс ош на ЕГЭ

154.

ПРИМЕР Эссе_1

155.

1
Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the
subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where
relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise
for students of technology upon
graduation and suggest a way of
solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining
your opinion on the importance of
technology professionals in today’s
world.

156.

Пример написания_1
1. I am doing a project on why many young Zetlanders choose to major in technical studies. As part of
my project, I have found a table with some results of a relevant survey conducted among young people.
In this essay, I will analyse the data and express my opinion on the subject of the project. +
2. According to the data, the option “Interest in technology” (48%) is the most popular response to the
survey question “Why have you chosen to major in technical sciences?” The other responses are “Public
significance”, “High salary”, “Many job vacancies”, “Practical skills development”, at 20%, 18%, 9% and
5% respectively. +
3. Notably, the figure for the option “Interest in technology” is 43% higher than the one for (the
response) “Practical skills development”. The reason behind this difference might be that most of
the respondents understand that many other disciplines teach students practical skills but only
technical sciences give them an opportunity to pursue their interest in technology.
/ I think the reason is that most people who pursue a career in technology are driven by a strong
enthusiasm for technological progress rather than an interest in practical skills development.
4. Unfortunately, when university academic curricula do not create enough opportunities for getting
hands-on technical experience, students of technology can face some problems upon graduation.
Their limited practical experience can make it hard for them to find well-paid jobs. To solve this
problem, universities need to collaborate with industries and technological enterprises that can provide
students with training and prepare them for careers in technology.
5. To conclude, I would like to say that technology professionals play an important role in today's world.
I have no doubt about it because many essential parts of modern life depend on the results of their
work / modern life totally depends on the systems that they build and maintain.

157.

• 2. According to the data, the option “Interest in technology”
(48%) is the most popular response to the survey question “Why
have you chosen to major in technical sciences?” The other
responses are “Public significance”, “High salary”, “Many job
vacancies”, “Practical skills development”, at 20%, 18%, 9% and
5% respectively.
• 2. According to the data, the option “Interest in technology”
(48%) is the most popular response to the survey question “Why
have you chosen to major in technical sciences?” The response
“Public significance” comes second, at 20%, whereas “Practical
skills development” (5%) ranks last.

158. 3 абзац, пример из работы экзаменуемого:

• Notably, the figure for the response option «Love for creativity» is 28% higher
than the one for the option «Variety of jobs upon graduation». I think the
reason behind this difference is that more young Zetlanders have chosen to
major - ??? based on their interests in creativity, than others who worried only
about variety of jobs. +/• I think one of the reasons (behind this difference) is that most people who
choose humanities are driven by their love for creativity (and…) rather than such
practical needs as finding a job upon graduation.

159.

4 абзац: проблема +
решение

160. 4 абзац = Проблема и решение

Требования
Обязательно: вводное слово/вводная фраза («мостики между абзацами»).
Проблема – реалистичная и
формулироваться точно по заданию.
конкретная,
Если информация из графика подходит как
формулировки проблемы, ее можно использовать
Но в графике иногда / часто проблемы нет.
Связывать проблему с графиком не нужно.
проблема
источник
должна
идей
для

161.

162. Ограничители!

163. Ограничители!

164.

• Unfortunately, there can be some problems with studying the
humanities. One of them is that it‘s difficult for many people to
learn a lot of information. - ??? To solve this problem, they should
always repeat their educational material and do different exercises
on the necessary topics, because practice really can help to learn
something.
• +/-

165. 4 абзац = Проблема и решение

Требования
Решение – конкретное, соотносится с проблемой:
решение должно представлять из себя конкретный шаг,
действие/ меру, которая позволит/ может решить / решает
проблему.

166.

• Solution - ?

167. 4 абзац = Как научить формулировать проблемы?

168. 1) Разобраться с тем, что такое проблема и чем проблема отличается от факта

169. Почему это проблема?

170.

• вот недавно написали, что проблема в быстром
развитии технологий) потом сами смеялись

171. Problem?

Sth BAD / NEGATIVE
affects… in a negative way, has a negative effect on … / has a bad influence on…
has negative/ serious/ far-reaching consequences (for …)
is harmful (harms … , does sb harm, does harm to sb…), is damaging (does
serious damage to…),
dangerous, there is a risk of / that … , puts sb under (the) threat (of)

172. 2) Разобраться с тем, что вызывает проблемы

173. Что вызывает проблемы - ?

Lack of…
Too much…
difficult / wrong
/ … cannot do …
Consequences

174. Problem - ?

Lack of…
Not enough
Too much
An excessive amount of
• Resources
• Opportunities
• Time
• Money
• Health
• Knowledge, education, abilities, skills, qualifications, aptitude for… , talent
• Awareness, understanding
• Motivation
• Confidence
• Support, help
• Quality

175. - a problem that can arise…

• … with choosing a play to watch at the theatre
• … with choosing a school for one’s children
• … when choosing a place for one’s holidays
• … when choosing a job
• … with learning to play a musical instrument
• … with doing a part-time job during the academic year
• … with spending time with friends
• … with going to a youth camp
• … if a person does not do sports regularly
• … if a daily routine is not kept

176. A problem with choosing …

• too little / too few / nothing to choose from -> move to a
larger city, study online
• not enough information about … -> read a lot about…, do
some research, ask people with relevant experience to share
some information/advice, read some reviews

177. A problem with choosing …

• too much / too many to choose from -> prioritize, set the right
priorities, choose sth that is really important to you / the most
essential … / what truly caters to your interests and meets your
needs
• relying too much on other people’s opinions, recommendations /
reviews -> 1) collect as much info as possible, analyse it and rely on
your own conclusions, 2) consider your own interests and needs
and choose sth that caters to your interests best and meets your
needs

178. A problem with prioritizing values …

• choose sth that is really important to you / the most essential
… / urgent; what truly caters to your interests and meets your
needs
• analyse … and rely on your own conclusions, consider your
own interests and needs and choose sth that caters to your
interests best and meets your needs

179. Пример ошибки - ___ ?

Unfortunately, some problems can arise with prioritizing
values. One of them is that if friends have different values,
they will probably end up with their friendship. It is hard to
talk with a friend who has different values. Therefore, people
can have many arguments.
179

180. 3) Рассмотреть с разных позиций

181.

Why
Who / What
How long
Problem - ?
How
When
Where

182.

Problem
WHO/WHAT: … is this harmful to?
… is most directly affected?
… have you heard discuss this?
… makes decisions about this?
… is the best person to consult?

183.

Problem
HOW:
… does it have a positive or negative effect
on … ?
… how does it affect adults /… ?
… how does it harm children?
… what are the consequences of this effect?

184.

Problem
WHERE: … would we see it in the real world?
… where else would this be a problem?
… what are the consequences of this effect?
… can we get more information about this?
… where can we go for help with this?

185.

Problem
WHEN:
… does it cause a problem?
… can we expect this to change?
… do we have to take action to solve this
problem?
… should we ask for help with this?

186.

Problem
How long:
… has this been happening?
For how long: … is this going to take place?

187.

Problem
WHY:
… is this a problem?
… are people affected by this?
… should people know about this?
… have we allowed this to happen?

188.

Perspectives:
- Personal (mood, attitude, …)
- Social (no friends, conflicts, …)
- Psychological / mental
- Physical
- Financial
- Education
- Environment
- Morality
- Stability
- Well-being

189.

Perspectives:
- Time
- Money
- Availability
- Physical Health
- Psychological health
- Relationships / relations
- Safety
- Stability
- Well-being
- Environment

190. Как конкретизировать проблему?

191.

the humanities
medical
sciences
difficult
to study - ?
IT
languages
technical
sciences
art

192. Как конкретизировать проблему?

• What?
• So what?
• And what?

193. A problem with preparing …

• … requires careful planning
• taking a lot of things / factors / ideas into account
• organizing … efficiently / clearly
• difficult to decide how to …what to take/include and what to
leave/leave out
• easy to overlook some important things / details
• forget essential items
• will make … uncomfortable / unsafe / stressful / confusing /
unfocused / difficult to follow

194. A problem with preparing …

• … a speech
• for a camping trip
• for exams

195.

Введение проблемы и решения:
- Unfortunately, +
• a serious problem can arise when / if …
One (possible) solution / A good solution
• there can be some problems with …
to this problem is / is for sb to do …
• there is one problem that university
students / smartphone users / readers The best way to solve this problem is to …
often face…
• one can face some problems with/while… One of the best / the most effective
• people can experience several problems solutions to this problem is …
with / while … For example, …
• a number of problems can arise when … To solve this problem, it is important (for
+
sb) to do …
• One of them is …
• For example, …
To solve this problem, one should / has to
• It is …
/ needs to …
ИЛИ:
- In my opinion, the main problem with … is…

196.

38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on the most effective method of learning new words in a foreign
language for Zetland teenagers. You have found some data on the subject – the results of a survey (see the
pie chart below). Comment on the survey data and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on
the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where
relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise
with
learning
a
foreign
language and suggest a way of
solving it;
– conclude by giving and
explaining your opinion on the
importance of learning foreign
languages.

197.

4. Проблема и решение (1):
4. Unfortunately, there can be some problems with
learning a foreign language. One of them is that language
learners get easily disappointed and quickly lose their
motivation when they do not get fast results. A good
solution to this problem is for teachers to praise students
for their efforts and help them see progress in their
learning.

198.

4. Проблема и решение (2):
4. In my opinion, one of the problems that can arise with
learning a foreign language is that many students get
disappointed and lose their motivation when they do not
get fast results. To solve this problem, teachers should
praise students for their efforts and help them see
progress in their learning.

199.

4. Проблема и решение (3):
4. In my opinion, the main problem with learning
a foreign language is that it usually takes quite a lot of
time and students never get fast results, so they quickly
get disappointed and lose their motivation to study. To
solve this problem, students should praise themselves for
their efforts and focus on progress in their learning rather
than some results.

200. Прокомментируйте проблему и решение. - a problem that can arise with choosing a play to watch

201. - a problem that can arise with shaping individual identity

202.

4. Проблема и решение:
4. In my opinion, one of the main problems that can arise with
shaping individual identity is negative social influence.
Unfortunately, some peers and bad role models can encourage
teenagers to take up unhealthy habits and make wrong life
choices. To solve this problem, parents should spend more time
with their teenage children, treat them with respect / help them
develop their self-confidence / avoid judging them / have honest
discussions about everything / help their children find some
hobbies that cater to their interests and develop their strengths.

203. Проблема / решение:

204.

4. Проблема и решение: ФАКТ докручиваем до проблемы
4. Unfortunately, there can be some problems with organizing
family leisure activities. For example, family members may
have different interests and points of view. – And what? So
what?

205.

4. Проблема и решение: ФАКТ докручиваем до проблемы
4. Unfortunately, there can be some problems with organizing
family leisure activities. For example, family members may
have different interests and points of view, so it can be difficult
for them to agree on what leisure activity to organize. To solve
this problem, family members should have honest discussions
about leisure and take each opinion into consideration, make
a list of the activities they would like to do and organize them
one by one.

206.

4. Проблема и решение: ФАКТ докручиваем до проблемы
4. In my opinion, one of the problems with organizing family
leisure activities is that family members may have different
interests and points of view and disagree on what leisure
activity to organize. To solve this problem, family members
should have honest discussions about leisure and take each
opinion into consideration, make a list of the activities they
would like to do and organize them one by one.

207.

4. Проблема и решение: уточняем проблему
4. Unfortunately, one problem with studying agricultural
sciences is that Universities do not provide students with
(+ SUFFICIENT) practical experience.

208.

4. Проблема и решение: уточняем проблему
4. Unfortunately, a serious problem can arise with studying
agricultural sciences if academic curricula do not offer
students enough opportunities to get hands-on experience in
agriculture and farming. To solve this problem, universities
need to collaborate with farms and agricultural enterprises
that can provide students with hands-on training and
prepare them for careers in agriculture.

209. Ошибка - ?

Unfortunately, some problems can arise with studying the
humanities. For example, making the false decision about
humanity. To solve the problem, people need to know about
it, ask interesting questions and after make the decision.
209

210. Ошибка - ___ ?

Unfortunately, one problem that one can face studying
the humanities is that it may be difficult and complicated. To
solve this problem, people should watch some videos, have
some extra lessons and broaden the horizons.
210

211.

5 абзац: заключение

212. 5 абзац = Заключение

Требования
В заключении должно быть 3 компонента:
указание на свое мнение (I think, I am sure, In my opinion/
view, I believe, I have no doubt about it);
само мнение (что именно вы думаете) точно в
соответствии с тем, что указано в пункте плана;
пояснение (объяснение, почему вы так думаете)

213. Как писать заключение

- conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on living in a big city
What is your opinion on … ?
+
Why do you think so?

214. Ограничители!

215.

Пример ошибки - __ ?
• To conclude, I‘d like to say that choosing the right profession is
very important. I have no doubt about it, because everyone
should do what they like.

216. Пример ошибки - __ ?

In conclusion, I believe that choosing the right profession is
really significant since it will influence on the future
motivation, life and mood. If a person wakes up easily, has a
good mood, he will choose the right profession.
216

217.

• СТРОГО согласно 5-му пункту плана
• – conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of
learning foreign languages.

218.

• – conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance
of theatre-going.
• +/-

219. Как писать заключение

1)
role / importance:
To conclude, I believe that + your opinion (… plays an important role in … / is very important for
объяснение:
- I have no doubt about it because it can do/does sb. a lot of good.
- … because it can benefit/benefits sb. in many ways / the benefits for… are (truly) immense.
- … because it is a very positive and valuable experience.
- … because sb. attaches a lot of value to …
- … because it is an excellent / a great way / the best way to develop essential life skills/ some
important skills (and avoid potential difficulties / cope with the problems that are usually associated
with …)
- … because these skills are essential for a productive life and a successful career.
- … because it is the key to a happy and productive life / a successful career and happy family life /
succeeding in your career
- … because it has a crucial effect on … / … … totally depend(s) on it
- I am absolutely sure that the benefits far outweigh any potential downsides/risks.

220. Your opinion on the role / importance - ?

1) в чем конкретно эта роль/важность заключается
ИЛИ
2) какая эта роль/важность: plays an essential/crucial role /
… is extremely/vitally important / … of great importance

221.

5. Заключение (самое простое обоснование):
5. To conclude, I would like to say that learning foreign
languages is very important nowadays. I have no doubt
about it because it offers modern people a lot of / a large
number of benefits.
/of benefits, such as … … …

222.

5. In conclusion, I would like to say that information technology
plays a vital / a crucial/ an essential / an indispensable role in
today’s world. I firmly believe that it permeates every aspect of
modern life / has a crucial effect on every aspect of modern life
/ every aspect of modern life depends on it / everything in the
modern world depends on it / the well-being of modern people
totally depends on it.

223.

5. In conclusion, I would like to say that agricultural
professionals play an important / essential role in today's
world. I have no doubt about it because the well-being and
overall health of modern people totally depend on (the results
of) their work.

224.

225. –conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on how often one should buy clothes.

• In conclusion, I would like to say that one should not buy clothes very
often. I think one should do it only on special occasions / only when
one really needs them because buying too many clothes damages the
environment / has a harmful (detrimental) effect on our environment /
is the cause of many of today’s pressing ecological problems / does a
lot of harm to the environment.
• In conclusion, I would like to say that one should buy clothes only on
special occasions / only when one really needs them because buying
too many clothes damages the environment / has a harmful
(detrimental) effect on our environment / is the cause of many of
today’s pressing ecological problems.

226. Как писать заключение

2) whether (… is convenient, effective, useful …)
In conclusion, I believe that + my opinion (a bicycle is a very convenient
means of transport) +
объяснение:
… because it is an easy and cheap way to move around a busy city.
… because it saves time, money and effort.
… because it is available, easy and comfortable to use.
… because it is easy to learn to use it and it can be used in many
situations.

227. Как писать заключение

2) whether (… one should …)
In conclusion, I believe that + my opinion (one should not always trust
the news from social media) +
объяснение:
… because these days anyone can easily share any information online and
so there is always some fake and unverified data on these platforms.

228. Как писать заключение

2) whether (… one should …)
In conclusion, I believe that + my opinion (one should trust the news from
social media) +
объяснение:
… because one can always discuss it with other social media users and find
out the truth.

229. Как писать заключение

3) the best, the most… :
In conclusion, I believe that + my opinion +
объяснение:
- … because it is the most effective / successful / productive / enjoyable / comfortable /
convenient / cheapest and fastest …
- … because it is the most valuable experience for ...
- … because it is the most effective way to develop essential life skills / achieve the best possible
results.
- … because these skills are truly essential/necessary for a productive life and a successful career.
- … because it is the key to a happy and productive life, to a successful career.
- … because only this … / only in this case one can …
- … After all, there is nothing better than sth. for sb. / if you want to …
+ I have no doubt about it because it can do sb. more good than any other way of …
+ … because it can benefit sb. in all sorts of ways / the benefits are truly immense / unique.

230. Как писать заключение

4) how to:
In conclusion, I believe that + your opinion + WHY (объяснение)
- In conclusion, I believe that to motivate people to do sports, one should /
needs to / has to share sports activities with them (опция из графика). In my
view, it is a very effective way that always produces positive / good / the best
results / it is the most effective way to encourage people to do sports activities
regularly and start liking them.
- In conclusion, I believe that it is very important / it is essential to share sports
activities with people (опция из графика) in order to motivate them to start
doing sports. I have no doubt about it because it is a very effective strategy, and
my personal experience proves it.
- In conclusion, I would like to say that while/when trying to motivate somebody
to do sports , you should praise them for their efforts a lot. In my opinion, only
in this case you will be able to encourage / can succeed in encouraging a person
to do sports activities.

231.

- In conclusion, I believe that it is very important / it is essential to share
sports activities with people (опция из графика) in order to motivate them
to start doing sports. I have no doubt about it because I follow this approach
myself.

232.

5) In conclusion, I would like to say that to find a good job,
one should search the Internet for vacancies. I have no doubt
about it because it is the most reliable and effective strategy
nowadays.

233.

- In conclusion, I believe that to choose a good place for your holidays, you
need to / should consider your own needs, interests and resources. In my
view, it is a very effective way that always produces the best results / it is
the best way to make the right choice about the place to go on holiday.

234. – conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on how to choose birthday presents for your friends.

5) In conclusion, I would like to say that while/when
choosing a birthday present for your friends, you should
take into consideration their interests and hobbies. In my
opinion, only in this case you will find a gift that your
friends will really like and will not forget.

235. Как писать заключение

5) something:
the quality of…, the content, the dreams, disadvantages, factors…
In conclusion, I believe that + your opinion: назвать и
охарактеризовать something + WHY (объяснение)

236.

4) Unfortunately, one problem with using social networks is facing
fake news or even shocking content that is uploaded and shared
there. The best solution to the problem is to use special applications
that block access to harmful content through special filters.
5) In conclusion, I would like to say that the quality of content one
can find on the Internet is quite low because there is still a lot of
unreliable and inappropriate / distressing / depressing / upsetting
information there.

237.

238.

Пример написания_2 (5 опций во 2-м абзаце, более подробное заключение):
1. I am doing a project on Zetlanders’ priorities in reading and discussing the news on social networks.
As part of my project, I have found a pie-chart with some results of a relevant survey conducted among
Zetland social networks users. In this essay, I will analyze the data and express my opinion on the
subject of the project.
2. According to the data, the option “Reliable information” (34%) is the most popular response to the
survey question “What is your priority in reading and discussing the news in social networks?” The
other responses are “Internet security” (26%), “Volume of information” (20%), “Discussing information
with other social network users” (11%) and “Friendly attitude of other social network users” (9%).
3. Notably, the figure for the option “Reliable information” is 14% higher than the one for “Volume of
information”. I think this difference can be explained by the fact that the quality of data is more
important than its quantity as people need accurate information to make good decisions and avoid
making mistakes.
4. In my opinion, the main problem with reading and discussing the news on social networks is that
users spread false or unreliable information by sharing and commenting on it. To solve this problem,
people need to fact-check the news they find on social media platforms and verify its accuracy before
discussing it with others and making reposts.
5. To conclude, I believe that although there is a lot of useful content and reliable information on social
networks, one should not trust all the news published there because some of it is inaccurate or even
fake. (263 w.)

239.

Пример написания_3 (2 опции во 2-м абзаце, менее подробное заключение):
1. I am doing a project on Zetlanders’ priorities in reading and discussing the news on social
networks. As part of my project, I have found a pie-chart with some results of a relevant survey
conducted among Zetland social networks users. In this essay, I will analyze the data and express
my opinion on the subject of the project.
2. According to the data, the most popular response to the survey question “What is your priority
in reading and discussing the news in social networks?” is “Reliable information”, at 34%. The least
popular response is “Friendly attitude of other social network users”, making up only 9%.
3. Notably, the figure for the option “Reliable information” is 14% higher than the one for “Volume
of information”. I think this difference can be explained by the fact that the quality of data is more
important than its quantity as people need accurate information to make good decisions and avoid
making mistakes.
4. In my opinion, the main problem with reading and discussing the news on social networks is that
users spread false or unreliable information by sharing and commenting on it. To solve this
problem, people need to fact-check the news they find on social media platforms and verify its
accuracy before discussing it with others and making reposts.
5. To conclude, I believe that one should not trust all the news published on social media platforms
because some of it is inaccurate or even fake. (239 w.)

240.

(1) • Для заключения можно взять
идею из графика:
• In conclusion, I would like to say that
the number of students in a group matters
most in learning a foreign language. I firmly
believe that it is the factor that contributes
most to mastering a foreign language / it
has a crucial effect on how quickly and
successfully one can learn a foreign
language.
• In conclusion, I would like to say that,
speaking practice opportunities matter
most in learning a foreign language. I firmly
believe that being able to practise speaking
is the factor that contributes most to
mastering a foreign language.

241. Пример ошибки - __ ?

In conclusion, I believe that self-study is very important for
teenagers. I think they should to study not only at home, but
also in their free time. – WHY?
241

242.

Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the
subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where
relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise
for students of technology upon
graduation and suggest a way of
solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining
your opinion on the importance of
technology professionals in today’s
world.

243.

Пример написания_4:
1. I am doing a project on why many young Zetlanders choose to major in technical studies. As part of
my project, I have found a table with some results of a relevant survey conducted among young people.
In this essay, I will analyse the data and express my opinion on the subject of the project. +
2. According to the data, the option “Interest in technology” (48%) is the most popular response to the
survey question “Why have you chosen to major in technical sciences?” The other responses are “Public
significance”, “High salary”, “Many job vacancies”, “Practical skills development”, at 20%, 18%, 9% and
5% respectively. +
3. Notably, the figure for the option “Interest in technology” is 43% higher than the one for (the
response) “Practical skills development”. The reason behind this difference might be that most of the
respondents understand that many other disciplines teach students practical skills but only technical
sciences give them an opportunity to pursue their interest in technology.
/ I think the reason is that most people who pursue a career in technology are driven by a strong
enthusiasm for technological progress rather than an interest in practical skills development.
4. Unfortunately, when university academic curricula do not create enough opportunities for getting
hands-on experience in a technological field, students of technology can face some problems upon
graduation. This limited practical experience can make it hard for them to find well-paid jobs. To solve
this problem, universities need to collaborate with industries and technological enterprises that can
provide students with training and prepare them for careers in technology.
5. To conclude, I would like to say that technology professionals play an important role in today's world.
I have no doubt about it because many essential parts of modern life depend on the results of their
work / modern life totally depends on the systems that they build and maintain.

244.

• 2. According to the data, the option “Interest in technology”
(48%) is the most popular response to the survey question “Why
have you chosen to major in technical sciences?” The other
responses are “Public significance”, “High salary”, “Many job
vacancies”, “Practical skills development”, at 20%, 18%, 9% and
5% respectively.
• 2. According to the data, the option “Interest in technology”
(48%) is the most popular response to the survey question “Why
have you chosen to major in technical sciences?” The response
“Public significance” comes second, at 20%, whereas “Practical
skills development” (5%) ranks last.

245.

246.

Пример написания_5:
1. I am doing a project on why many young Zetlanders choose to major in agricultural
sciences. As part of my project, I have found a table with some results of a relevant survey, and
in this essay, I will analyse the data and express my opinion on the subject of the project.
2. According to the data, the option “Environmental concerns” (37%) is the most popular
response to the survey question “Why have you chosen to major in agricultural sciences?” The
other responses are “Wish to feed everyone”, “Research opportunities”, “Job stability”,
“Practical skills development”, at 28%, 20%, 9% and 6% respectively.
3. Notably, the figure for the response option “Environmental concerns” is 31% higher than the
one for “Practical skills development”. I think the reason behind this difference is that most of
the respondents understand that many other disciplines teach students practical skills but only
agricultural sciences give them an opportunity to address the most urgent ecological
problems caused by agriculture today.
4. Unfortunately, a serious problem can arise with studying agricultural sciences if academic
curricula do not offer students enough opportunities to get hands-on experience in
agriculture and farming. To solve this problem, universities need to collaborate with farms and
agricultural enterprises that can provide students with training and prepare them for careers in
agriculture.
5. To conclude, I would like to say that agricultural professionals play an important role in
today's world. I have no doubt about it because the well-being and overall health of modern
people totally depend on the results of their work. (254 w.)

247.

248.

Пример написания_6:
1. I am doing a project on the most effective method of learning new words in a foreign language
for Zetland teenagers. As part of my project, I have found a table with some results of a relevant
survey, and in this essay, I am going to analyze the data and express my opinion on the subject of
the project.
2. According to the data, the most popular response to the survey question “What is the most
effective method of learning new words in a foreign language?” is “Make paper cards with words”
(48%). The other responses are “Use a mobile app”, “Make sentences with new words”, “Use
mnemonic techniques”, “Lear lists of words by heart”, at 20%, 18%, 9% and 5% respectively.
3. Notably, the figure for the response option “Make paper cards with words” is 43% higher than
the one for the option “Learn lists of words by heart”. I think the reason behind this difference is
that learning by heart is a passive and boring way to memorize new words, whereas creating one’s
own cards and writing words on them is an active and engaging memorization method.
4. In my opinion, the main problem with learning a foreign language is that students feel
disappointed and lose their motivation when they do not get fast results. To solve this problem,
teachers should praise students for their efforts and help them see progress in their learning.
5. To conclude, I would like to say that learning foreign languages is very important nowadays.
I have no doubt about it because it offers modern people a large number of benefits. (264 w.)