Lipid metabolism

1. LIPID METABOLISM

2. Fats (Triacylglycerols)

3. Phospholipids

acetylcholine

4. Sphingophospholipids

sphingomyelin

5. Glycolipids

galactosylceramide

6. Cholesterol

7. Fatty acids

8. Bile acids

9. Lipid functions

Storage form of energy
Supply essential fatty acids
Structural components of cell membranes
Electrical insulation
Protect body from cold
Mechanical protection of internal organs
Metabolic regulators (hormones)
Help transport fat soluble vitamins

10. Human pancreatic lipase (activation by colipase)

Colipase is colored in blue

11. Emulsification

12. Breakdown of fats

13. Absorbtion

14.

Steatorrhea
Increased
excretion of
neutral fat
Increased
excretion of fatty
acids
Pancreatic
exocrine
insufficiency
Intestinal
pathology

15. Lipid resynthesis in cells of intestinal wall epithelium β-monoglyceride pathway

16. α-glycerophosphate pathway

17. Formation of chylomicrons

18. Lipoprotein structure

19. Transport lipoproteins

20. Fat transport

21. Artery section

RBC
Chylomicron

22.

23. Dislipoproteinemia (hyperlipoproteinemia) Type I

Reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Deficiency of apoCII (LPL activator )

24. Tissue lipase activation

adipocyte
Proteinkinase
inactive
АТP
cАМP
Proteinkinase
active
ТАG-lipase
inactive
ТАG
ТАG-lipase
active
Tissue lipase
activation
Glucagon
Adrenalin
blood
Glycerol
Glycerol
Fatty
acids
Fatty
acids
Oxidation
in tissues

25. -Oxidation of fatty acids

-Oxidation of fatty acids
carnitine acyl transferase
Rate-limiting!

26. Breakdown of acyl carnitin in mitochondria

CAT

27. Dehydrogenation

28. Hydration

29. Dehydrogenation

30. Thiolase reaction

31. Propionyl-CoA metabolism

32. Oxidadion of unsaturated fatty acids

33. α-Oxidation (nervous tissue,  20 С)

α-Oxidation (nervous tissue, 20 С)
-Oxidation (in pathology)

34. Violations of fatty acid oxidation

• Hereditary defects of carnitine
acyl transferase I or enzymes of
carnitine synthesis
• Genetic defect of dehydrogenase
of fatty acids with medium chain

35. Synthesis of ketone bodies

Synthesis of ketone bodies
2 CH3-CO- SCоА
Liver!
- HS-CоА
CH3-CO-CH2-CO-S-CоА
+ CH3-CO-S-CоА -Н2О
-HS-CоА
HOOC-CH2-COH(CH3)-CH2-CO-S-CоА
- CH3-CO-S-CоА
CH3-CO-CH2-COOH
+ NАDН + Н+
- CO2
+
- NАD
CH3-CO-CH3
CH3-CHOH-CH2-COOH

36.

Oxidation of ketone bodies
acetoacetate
succinyl-CoA
CoA-transferase
succinate
acetoacetyl-CoA
thiolase
Myocardium
Renal cortex
+ НS-КоА
2 acetyl-CoA

37. Mechanism of ketosis

38. Lipogenesis Acetyl-CoA transport

39. Lipogenesis

СО2 + АТP + biotin-enzyme
carboxybiotin-enzyme + АDP + Pi
carboxybiotin-enzyme + СН3-СО-SКоА
НООС-СН2-СО-S-КоА + biotin-enzyme
malonyl-CoA
Rate-limiting!

40. Fatty acid synthase structure

41.

acetyl transacylase
Acetyl CoA + ACP
Acetyl-ACP + HSCoA
malonyl transacylase
Malonyl CoA + ACP
Malonyl-ACP + HSCoA
(ACP = acyl carrier protein)

42.

43.

44.

45.

46. Formation of other fatty acids

Formation of other fatty acids
Palmitic acid 16:0
desaturase
Palmitoleic
Acid 16:1 (9)
elongase
Stearic acid 18:0
desaturase
Oleic acid
18:1(9)

47. Regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Regulation
of acetyl-CoA
carboxylase
activity

48. Regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Regulation of acetyl-CoA
carboxylase activity