Solid waste treatment and disposal

1.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
SOUTH-KAZAKHSTAN STATE UNIVERSITY named after M. AUEZOV
Presentation
Solid waste treatment and disposal
Prepared by: Alseit Aidana
Group: ChT-14-1ka1
Checked by: Shyngysbaeva Zh
Shymkent, 2017y

2.

Plan:
1. Solid wastes and their types
2. Methods of their processing
3. Қалдықтарды
3. Waste Management
жою шаралары

3. Solid wastes

Solid or semisolid, nonsoluble material
(including gases and liquids in containers) such
as agricultural refuse, demolition waste,
industrial waste, mining residues, municipal
garbage,
and
sewage
sludge.

4.

Degradation
removal of
useful
substances
Destruction
(deletion)
3 ways of
solid waste
treatments

5.

Mechanical
Processes for Solid Waste
Management
Chemical
Termal

6. Mechanical processing of solid wastes

For chemical burners,
but not for industrial waste,
two types of mechanical
treatment are used: crushing
and grinding (pressing). It
concerns
organic
and
inorganic
waste.
After
crushing, fractionation may
be, it can be converted into
waste
products.
Solid
materials can be shipped to
the required volume, such
as
shrinkage,
shaving,
sharpening,
cutting,
wrapping.

7. Disassembly and grinding

Allocates the separation and grinding to dry and
damp. Solid waste is used for mineral removal and
grinding machines.
The disassembly and crushing process is carried out
by means of machines called crusher or melnica.
The main types of crushing solid waste are
divided into the following classes:
crushing, spinning and other agglomerates by crushing and
crushing,
crushing grinder, flat roller crusher, flat roller crusher, roller
ring, vertical, horizontal, and mattress in the garden;
crushers with impact effect, bulk excimers, disintegrators,
drums;
- vapor and colloidal agitators, vibratory reactors;
other excavators; punches, bees.
For decomposition, the cone with rolling principle,
roller excavators and blowing agitators (rolling, rotary,
disintegrator) are used

8.

Type of force used for crushing
Pinching
and
barking
Type of force
used for
crushing
Break
down
Housewar
ming
separation

9. Crushers

Crushers are machines used for crushing ore concentrators.
Double
(Steamboat)
cones
Crushers
rolling
with
hammers

10. Two-sided and cone chopper

Figure 1. The method of the three-layer
crushers: Stage 1; 2-moving jaw; 3-axis
centrifugal shaft; 4th roof; 5th front
plate; 6 rear plate; Drive 7; Spring 8; 9
Adjustment Tests.

11. Roller and roller crusher

12. Thermal treatment of solid waste

There are three methods of thermal deactivation and utilization of solid wastes:
laying of pre-prepared wastes in residual-combustion compressors; burning of preprepared wastes (released from ballast fractions) with natural fuel in layers of energy
or in cement furnaces or of cells; pyrolysis of waste, whether or not pre-prepared.
Despite the complexity of the solid household waste, it can be regarded as a fuel
dumper (1000-1200 Gcal of heat per year). Thermal treatment of waste does not
only neutralize them, but also helps to extract thermal energy from it and to remove
metal scrap from it

13. Pyrolysis method

The pyrolysis is a promising method for the treatment of solid household waste
as compared with burning waste. This process dramatically reduces the harmful
effects of solid household waste on the environment and provides access to products
such as gas, oils, resins and so on. With Pyrolysis, waste can be recycled, for
example, plastics, oils and tinctures. After pyrolysis there are no biologically active
substances, so burial of pyrolysis residues is not harmful to the environment. Due to
the high ash density, the amount of residual waste also decreases dramatically. There
is no oxidation of heavy metals during pyrolysis. One of the advantages of pyrolysis
is the simplicity of storage and transportation of received products, as well as the
installation.

14. Chemical treatment of solid wastes

• Chemical treatment - solid waste treatment with
chemical reagents Chemical technology can be
obtained from solid wastes. Chemical methods of
solid wastes include alkaline, defrost, crystallization
of recyclable substance.

15.

One of the main problems of burial or exploitation of solid and
household waste is the ecological and epidemic hazard.
solid domestic and industrial wastes growth from year to year
Emergence of casual waste collection sites on the outskirts of
cities and towns
overflow of existing landfills
waste reducing the quality of the environment and increasing
the negative impact on human health

16. Key Waste Disposal considerations are the major environmental and human health hazards:

waste recycle
maximum
Waste recycling and
disinfecting plants
Installation of
waste treatment
plants (filters,
filters) at plants
creation of
controlling
organizations.

17.

References
1) K.T. Zhantasov., U.K. Bishimbaev, Sh. Moldabekov., MK Zhantasov.,
Fundamentals of design and equipment of factories. - Almaty, 2006, 272b.
2) NMOmarova. Lectures of discipline "Waste technology" for students. Semey city: Semipalatinsk State University named after Shakarim, 2013.-45
pages.