He system of english consonant phonemes

1. THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH consonant PHONEMES

THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH
CONSONANT PHONEMES
B Y F I L I M O N O VA A . E L E N A

2.

Describing Speech Sounds
•Is the air-flow blocked?
vowel vs. consonant
•What are the vocal folds doing? (=voicing)
voiced vs. voiceless
•Where is the air-flow blocked? (=place)
labial,, alveolar,, p
palatal,, velar etc.
•Where/how is the air flowing? (=manner)
nasal/oral,, stop,
p, ffricative,, liquid
q etc.

3.

Describing Speech Sounds
•Is the air-flow blocked?
vowel vs. consonant
•What are the vocal folds doing? (=voicing)
voiced vs. voiceless
•Where is the air-flow blocked? (=place)
labial,, alveolar,, palatal,
p
, velar etc.
•Where/how is the air flowing? (=manner)
nasal/oral,, stop,
p, ffricative,, liquid
q etc.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Describing Speech Sounds
•Is the air-flow blocked?
vowel vs. consonant
•What are the vocal folds doing? (=voicing)
voiced vs. voiceless
•Where is the air-flow blocked? (=place)
labial,, alveolar,, p
palatal,, velar etc.
•Where/how is the air flowing? (=manner)
nasal/oral,, stop,
p, ffricative,, liquid
q etc.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Describing Speech Sounds
•Is the air-flow blocked?
vowel vs. consonant
•What are the vocal folds doing? (=voicing)
voiced vs. voiceless
•Where is the air-flow blocked? (=place)
labial,, alveolar,, p
palatal,, velar etc.
•Where/how is the air flowing? (=manner)
nasal/oral,, stop,
p, ffricative,, liquid
q etc.

18.

19.

20.

Liquids, glides
•Liquids
[ ][ ]
[l][r]
•Lateral [l] : air escapes along sides of tongue
•Retroflex
Retroflex [r]: tongue is bunched upward and
back in mouth
•Glides:
Glides: semi
semi-vowels
vowels, semi
semi-consonants
consonants
[w] [j]

21.

22.

Putting them all together•
together
•Voicing, Place, Manner•
•how do we describe [p]?
Voiceless bilabial stop
Voiceless,
Wh about
What
b
[b]?

23.

Features
•Ways of describing sounds
e.g.,
g , [p] = voiceless bilabial stopp
•Stronger claim: features are the smallest
building blocks of language,
language used to store
sounds in the mind
•Atoms of Speech
Roman Jakobson, 1896-1982

24.

25.

More consonant exercises
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
5.
6.
Write the symbol that corresponds to each
of the phonetic descriptions, then give an
English word that contains this sound.
voiceless bilabial stop
voiced labiodental fricative
voiced alveolar lateral liquid
q
voiceless palatal affricate
voiced alveolar nasal
voiced bilabial glide

26.

27. PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION

28. Type of obstruction + manner of noise production

TYPE OF OBSTRUCTION + MANNER
OF NOISE PRODUCTION
Prof. Vassilyev
Occlusive
Constrictiv
e
noise
sonorant
sonorants
noise

29. Degree of noise (sokolova, Gintovt)

DEGREE OF NOISE (SOKOLOVA,
GINTOVT)
noise
sonorant
occlusive
occlusive
constrictive
constrictive
Occlusiveconstrictive

30. Place of articulation

PLACE OF ARTICULATION
1) labial
2) lingual
3) glottal
Oppositions:
Pan-tan
Weil-yale
Pick-kick

31. Work of the vocal cords

WORK OF THE VOCAL CORDS
Tone + Energy

32. Position of the soft palate

POSITION OF THE SOFT PALATE
Oral
Nasal

33. Prof. Dikushina

PROF. DIKUSHINA
Classification by oppositions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Manner of articulation (stops - constrictives)
Articulating organ (labial – bilabial)
Passive speech organ (dental, alveolar, palatal, velar)
Shape of the narrowing (slit or aperture)
Voice presence (voiced-voiceless)
Prevalence of voice/tone (noises and sonorants)
Kind of resonance (oral-nasal)
1 or 2 producing obstacles (single-point – double-point)
Manner of releasing closure (plosives – affricates)

34. affriates

AFFRIATES
Monophonemic?
Trubetskoy:
1)Belong to the same syllable
2)1 articulatory effort
3)Duration does not exceed
duration of either element (+-)

35.

D.Johnes:
Number of affricates = number of fricatives
6 affricates + [tr, dr, ts, ds]
Gimson:
8 affricates = phonological extreme,
indivisible entities

36. Relevant principles

RELEVANT PRINCIPLES
•1) type of obstruction
•2) place of obstruction + active
speech organ
•3) force of articulation

37. Thank you for attention!

THANK YOU FOR
ATTENTION!