Microcontroller programming lecture 1 - Introduction

1.

Microcontroller Programming
Lecture 1

2.

Introduction to
Microcontrollers
• Murat Alibek
• Professional Area - Electronics and Hardware Engineer
Courses
Analog Electronics
Digital Electronics
Microcontroller Programming
Embedded Systems Design

3.

Analog Electronics
• Semiconductors
• Diodes
• Transistors
• Amplifiers
• Oscillators
• Communications
• Integrated Circuits
• LTSpice –circuit simulation software

4.

Digital Electronics
• Numbers
• Logic gates
• IC Specifications
• Encoding and decoding
• Flip – Flops
• Counters
• Shift Registers
• Arithmetic Circuits
• Memories
• Simple Digital Systems

5.

Microcontroller Programming
Week Chapter № and name
Chapter 0: Introduction to Computing
Chapter 1: The ARV Microcontroller: History and features
1
Chapter 2: AVR architecture and assembly language
programming
2
3
4
5
Chapter 9: AVR timer programming in assembly and C
Chapter 10: AVR Interrupt programming in assembly and C
6
Chapter 11: AVR serial port programming in assembly and C
Chapter 12: LCD and Keyboard interfacing
7
Chapter 13: ADC, DAC, and Sensor interfacing
Chapter 14: Relay, Optoisolator, and stepper motor interfacing
with AVR
8
Chapter 15: Input capture and wave generation in AVR
Chapter 16: PWM Programming and DC Motor Control in AVR
9
Chapter 17: SPI protocol and MAX7221 display interfacing
Chapter 18: I2C protocol and DS1307 RTC interfacing
Project
10
Chapter 3: Branch, call, and time delay loop
Chapter 4: AVR I/O Port programming
Chapter 5: Arithmetic, logic instructions, and programs
Chapter 6: AVR Advanced assembly language programming
Chapter 7: AVR Programming in C
Chapter 8: AVR Hardware connection, hex file, and flash
loaders
PCB Design and Circuit Simulator Software - Proteus
Microchip Studio for AVR® and SAM Devices | Microchip Technology

6.

Embedded Systems Design
• STM32

7.

AVR with ATMEGA328P
• ATMEGA328P
• ATmega328P-datasheet
AVRDUDE PROG Installation guide

8.

ATMEGA328P
1. Pin Configurations
2. AVR CPU Core
3. AVR Memories
4. Systems Clock
5. Power management
6. System Control and Reset
7. Interrupts
8. I/O Ports
9. Timer
10. SPI
11. USART
12. ADC

9.

ATMEGA328P
The Atmel® ATmega328P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on
the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a
single clock cycle, the ATmega328P achieves throughputs approaching 1MIPS
per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus
processing speed.
Block Diagram
Block Diagram of the AVR Architecture

10.

Student Performance Evaluation System for the Course

11.

Lecture 1
• Chapter 0: Introduction to Computing
• Chapter 1: The AVR Microcontroller – History
and Features
• Chapter 2: AVR Architecture and Assembly
Language Programming

12.

Chapter 0: Introduction to Computing
Content
• Numbering and coding systems
• Digital Primer
• Semiconductor Memory
• CPU Architecture

13.

Numbering and coding systems
• Decimal and Binary number systems
The decimal number system, or base-10, is the standard for denoting integer and
non-integer numbers. It uses ten digits (0 through 9) and is the system most
commonly used in daily life and general arithmetic.
The binary number system, base-2, uses only two digits, 0 and 1. Every digit in a
binary number represents an exponential value of 2, starting from 20 at the
rightmost digit. This system is fundamental in computing because it's used internally
by almost all computer systems, where the two binary digits represent the off and
on states of a switch or transistor.
• Hexadecimal system
The hexadecimal number system, or base-16, is a numeral system that uses 16
distinct symbols to represent values. It includes the decimal digits 0 through 9 and
six additional symbols represented by the letters A through F, where A stands for 10,
B for 11, C for 12, D for 13, E for 14, and F for 15. Hexadecimal is particularly useful in
computing because it provides a more human-friendly way of representing binary
data. Each hexadecimal digit represents four binary digits (bits), making it simpler
to understand and communicate large binary numbers, which are common in
computer memory addresses and color codes in digital graphics.
• Addition of binary and hex numbers
• Subtraction of binary and hex numbers
• 2’s complement
• ASCII code

14.

Binary number
128
64s 32s 16s
s
8s
4s
2s
1s
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
The leftmost digit:
MSB – the most significant bit
0
place values
The rightmost digit:
LSB – the least significant bit

15.

158
÷
2
=
79
79
÷
2
=
39
39
÷
2
=
19
19
÷
2
=
9
9
÷
2
=
4
4
÷
2
=
2
2
÷
2
=
1
1
÷
2
=
0
158