The invention of transistor

1.

2.

John Bardeen, William Shockley, and
Walter Brattain were all scientists at
the Bell Telephone Laboratories in
Murray Hill, New Jersey.

3.

The vacuum tube was used to
amplify music and voice, to make
long-distance call.
But the tubes consumed power,
gave off heat and burned out
quickly. They required high
maintenance.

4.

The inventors were researching the
behavior of germanium crystals as
semiconductors. They wanted to
replace vacuum tubes as mechanical
relays in telecommunications.

5.

In December, 1947 their experiment
with two gold contacts applied to
the germanium crystal produced an
output signal power greater than
the input signal.

6.

The first transistor technology was
developed in June, 1948. It was
known as point contact device.

7.

Bardeen and Brattain created the "pointcontact" transistor. After that invention
Shockley designed a new type of transistor
called the "bipolar" transistor which was
better and replaced the point-contact
transistor.

8.

9.

William Bradford Shockley along with John
Bardeen and Walter Brattain was the father of the
transistor, the invention that is probably the
greatest silent revolution of the twentieth century.
The equipment we use every day (including
televisions, mobile phones and computers) is
based on the properties of the transistors. They
say that the transistor in the twentieth century
means the same as the steam engine in the
nineteenth century.

10.

1. John Bardeen,
William Shockley,
and Walter Brattain
worked in the big
English Laboratory.

11.

2. They invented the
vacuum tube to
amplify music and
voice, to make longdistance call.

12.

3. The tubes consumed a lot of power.

13.

4. The inventors were
researching the new
semiconductors.

14.

5. They wanted to replace vacuum tubes for
something that wouldn’t consumed much power.

15.

6. They made the
experiment with two
gold contacts applied to
the germanium crystal
in December, 1947.

16.

The first transistor
technology was
developed in June,
1948. It was known as
“bipolar” device.
7.

17.

8. Bardeen and
Brattain created the
"point-contact"
transistor.

18.

9. The "bipolar"
transistor was
better and replaced
the point-contact
transistor.

19.

10. The equipment
we use every day is
based on the
properties of the
transistors.